At 20: 34 on July 23rd, the D3115th bullet train and the D312nd bullet train went to the Xiaao section of Shuangyu section of Yong-Wen Railway, which is known as "the most modern construction in China", and a rear-end collision derailed and fell, resulting in more than 200 deaths and injuries.
Frequent traffic accidents have given birth to people's fear of life, and learning self-help and first aid knowledge has become an essential basic skill for modern people. To this end, I specially invited the ambulance training lecturer of China Red Cross Training Center to demonstrate how to give first aid in case of sudden emergency. Guest: China Red Cross Training Center ambulance trainer Han; Zhang Jian-China Red Cross Training Center ambulance trainer 1, remember: first aid methods and principles for saving lives! Han: If this person is in a coma and his heart stops beating, it is a principle to try to carry out cardiopulmonary resuscitation first, no matter how many fractures and injuries there are.
Then stop the bleeding. If you want to escort, you must be fixed.
These are several principles. When we were in the army, we used four techniques: dressing, hemostasis, fixation and handling. Saving and not saving are completely different. There are too many such examples, and advanced countries will save them, but few people die.
I have a comrade in arms. At that time, in the Vietnam War of 1965, the bone artery was punctured. No Vietnamese and many soldiers understand it. They were all jokes and saved their lives. There's nothing wrong with putting a tourniquet at the root of your thigh. The most is amputation, and no one understands.
Today, let's talk about it. I hope everyone has this idea and confidence in the question I want to talk about today. Each of us should study, and everyone can learn first aid knowledge. At this time, even if you give a suitable * * *, tying a belt can save a life, otherwise it will make things worse and aggravate the injury.
Whether it's a car accident, building injury or accidental injury, stop the bleeding and move less. We'll move again when it's fixed. Zhang Jian: There is another principle. At the scene, we advocate self-help first and then mutual assistance, so as to ensure our own life safety first. Here, I'd like to send you a word: assess the safety on the spot and do a good job of self-protection.
2. In the event of a car accident, what is the processing flow? Han: I always thought the accident was terrible, but it was even more terrible not to rescue it. Our neighbor, Japan, has many volcanoes, many earthquakes and many cars, but the death toll is small.
This reflects a problem of our rescue and on-site first aid. There is always something wrong with people's minds. An unexpected big hospital can definitely. I even said during the lecture that Union Medical College Hospital was definitely better than me, but it was not urgent.
How to deal with this problem at the scene? Just now, the host said, how to judge which problem to rescue first? We usually give lectures on saving lives first and then treating injuries. When we are conscious, we will see if there is bleeding. Hemostasis is the first priority. Once blood is released, people will die. If you are conscious, stop bleeding first. Of course, there are many ways to stop bleeding, which will be discussed below.
Zhang Jian: There are the following points in the process of emergencies. Don't move the wounded at will except what Teacher Han said just now. After the on-site emergency, many of our local rescuers did not receive professional training. That is to say, we don't know much about the internal damage of tissue structure except the traumatic wounds that can be seen on the skin and limbs.
For example, we don't know the extent of the fracture, and we don't know if there is internal bleeding in his body. Don't move the wounded without knowing the situation.
What are we moving? After the hemostatic bandage is fixed, it should be transported. How to dress it will be explained in detail in the later links. 3. What kind of first aid doesn't save lives, but it hurts? Actually, a great event happened on our railway today. Recently, there have been many car accidents at home and abroad.
In fact, the question raised by the host just now is very crucial. The traffic accident has several characteristics: first, there are many injured people, and the injuries are complicated. There are crush injuries, craniocerebral injuries and paraplegia everywhere. Especially in the traffic accident, there are burns at the end, and various compound injuries are intertwined, which brings certain difficulties to the rescue. We have summed up many things. According to nearly 50 years of work experience and teaching experience, we summed up four words: "on-site rescue!" " This is very critical.
I'm teaching in a school now, and I've always stressed to my students that "not saving people is like hitting a person when he's down". 1976 when I was a soldier, 1976 the soldiers of the Tangshan earthquake went to the rescue with infinite love for the Tangshan people, but many people were injured in the waist and had to be fixed or put on the door panel to transport them to the rear, but our soldiers ran away behind their backs. It's almost 40 years now, and there are still some paraplegics in Tangshan. What a pity.
The fracture in the car accident is not so complete and not broken. If you pull up and leave, the second injury will be even more fatal. I saw on TV that day that these farmers were very emotional and simple, but their methods were chilling, and their bones broke in half and all at once.
The bone is broken, and the bone residue is faster than a knife. If it is not transported regularly, bone debris will completely disturb muscles and blood vessels. This has caused too much damage. Now our country advocates that everyone should know something about first aid, and some developed countries are much better than us on this issue.
I have been to Vietnam for more than six years, and all American soldiers can dress up, stop bleeding, carry and fix. 4. "Bear service" is too dangerous for first aid. Moderator: Are there any principles or formulas for first aid of accidental injuries? H: I wrote a few words. When we ordinary people encounter accidental injuries or car accidents, don't worry, judge quickly, call urgently, don't shout, don't decide, don't move, wait on the bear, find it first, stop bleeding first, be the first, don't move, and wait for help.
Quick judgment: See if there was a fire at that time. Some car accidents will lead to fires. Run. Otherwise, try not to run. Call for help as soon as possible or pick up clothes with a stick. Don't shout. In case of bleeding, yelling will aggravate the bleeding.
Don't touch it unless it is repaired. Many people were killed in the last train accident in Zibo. The old military doctor in the village told everyone in the village not to move, and told everyone to go back and get the door panels, unload the sleeper boards of the train and transport the wounded away. The retired military doctor will grasp one thing: don't pull and don't pull. What is bear service? A man found it in the forest and was dying.
2. "What should I do in case of emergency? What about the theme class? "
Hello, the development process of the theme class meeting: 1.
Personal enthusiasm If you want to have a good class meeting, you must first let the students enter the state. This is the problem of the coordination and organizational ability of the Communist Youth League branch secretary, that is, let the students work together. This is the premise that I listened to a class meeting of other classes some time ago and took our class as the theme. The advantages of his success are as follows: 1. The liveliness and boldness of the host naturally moved the whole atmosphere 2.
The students performed generously, without restraint, and the language was humorous but not divorced from theme 3. We should bring the audience, that is, the students who sit down and the invited teachers (don't forget the teachers) into the class meeting. For example, it is very important and necessary to write three and a half sentences about teachers. Secondly, since I was a Communist Youth League secretary, I have learned by attending lectures and summing up my own experience. Because I am mostly a host, I know that the host is not an ordinary role in this respect. He didn't just connect the programs together. This is one of the class meetings. The opening remarks of the host of the small organization that set off the atmosphere must drive the atmosphere, so that the performers can be interested in performing hard and drive the enthusiasm of the audience. Now students have a misunderstanding about the class meeting, that is, the imagination of the host is too rigid. In fact, the host's language is not very flexible and can be added or deleted at will. It is not as rigid as speech recitation, and only uses emotion to recite. This is also one of the reasons why the best theme class will fail.
Roughly handle 1. Opening remarks of the host: The existing host can recite a poem on this topic (the host is preferably a man and a woman), and then after the recitation, the two will start to host 2.
Don't be too monotonous. There should be comments after each program, not comments like teachers' comments on compositions. You can watch the Spring Festival Gala and learn from it. Ask the leader (that is, the invited teacher representative or principal, director, etc. ) Let's make a speech and make a summary.
The monitor's conclusion should be profound and the theme should be implicit. This is my experience and the knowledge I learned from others. As long as the content of (1) is well done, most of the success will be achieved. Don't forget humor, but don't stray from the subject. If it is gratitude, the humor of the class meeting can be omitted, but it must move people to tears. Once I listened to an episode in the middle of the class meeting program, and one of my classmates burst into tears. I took the initiative to sing a song thanking my parents. At first, our judges thought it was deliberately arranged during the rehearsal. Finally, we learned that it was entirely from the heartfelt words of that classmate. This program has never been arranged during rehearsal. This is a sign of a successful class meeting. Do you understand what I mean? I wish your class meeting success! ! ! You can refer to it and hope it will be useful to you! If it is useful to you, please give me a "favorable comment" as an encouragement. Thank you.
3. How to give first aid in case of emergency?
For emergencies, we must first judge the security of the surrounding environment. In case of toxic gas leakage, earthquake, flood, fire and other emergencies or geological disasters. The rescuer must pay attention to self-protection while giving first aid to prevent secondary injury.
After the on-site rescue workers finish, they should make a rough judgment on the injured person's injury, determine whether the injured person still has breathing heartbeat, fracture, internal bleeding and severe craniocerebral injury, and conduct on-site first aid according to the situation.
Traumatic bleeding in the accident directly endangers the life of the injured. A person weighing 50kg has a blood volume of 4000ml. When the blood loss reaches more than 1500ml, it will cause insufficient blood supply to the brain, and the wounded will have symptoms such as blurred vision, dizziness, thirst, unconsciousness and even coma. Therefore, the bleeding should be stopped quickly for the injured.
Simple hemostasis methods are as follows: ① Direct pressing method: press directly on the wound with clean palm or finger, and keep the pressure above 15min. ② Lifting method: Lift the bleeding limb of the wounded above the heart to slow down the blood flow at the bleeding site. Conditional, you can use a piece of sterile gauze or clean clothes to apply to the wound. ③ Compression hemostasis: When the bleeding of limbs is serious, it can compress the important arteries of limbs such as radial artery of upper limb and femoral artery of lower limb to stop bleeding, or it can be tied with a belt and rope at the proximal end of the bleeding site to block blood flow. For patients with abdominal trauma and visceral outflow, buckle the wound with a bowl-shaped instrument and do not send the outflow organs back to the abdominal cavity.
Fracture is the most common injury, which is generally not life-threatening, but its early treatment directly affects the prognosis of the injured. In the field first aid, the fracture site should be fixed in time and correctly, so as to alleviate the pain of the wounded and continue to damage the surrounding tissues, and at the same time facilitate the handling and transfer of the wounded. However, the fixation in the first aid is temporary, simple and effective, and does not require accurate reduction of fractures, especially those with exposed bone ends, which should be fixed on the spot. First-aid site can use local materials, using wooden sticks, slats, branches, rattan or cardboard as fixing equipment, and its length shall be subject to fixing the upper and lower joints of the fracture. If you can't find a fixed hard object, you can also tie the injured limb directly to the injured person with a cloth belt, and the fractured upper limb can be fixed on your chest; Fractured lower limbs can be fixed with healthy limbs. If the injured rib is fractured, attention should be paid to protecting the injured chest during rescue to avoid segmental injury or serious lung injury. If the injured person is found to have spinal fracture injury, he should be especially careful in treatment. It is forbidden to move the injured at will. He should let the injured lie flat and wait for the help of professional ambulance personnel.
Craniocerebral injury is also common in all kinds of accidents. When the injury is mild, only scalp hematoma and laceration occur. In severe cases, skull fracture, intracranial hematoma and brain contusion and laceration occurred. Please pay special attention to:
(1) Let the injured lie flat, and immediately apply pressure to bandage the external bleeding caused by head trauma to stop bleeding.
(2) If bloody liquid flows from the ears and nose, it is forbidden to wash them with water and block them with cotton.
(3) If the injured person is in a coma, the ambulance personnel should focus on protecting the injured person's respiratory tract from obstruction, and should lie flat and head side when transporting, so as to avoid choking when vomit is inhaled into the respiratory tract.
If the accident victim has stopped breathing, he should be given CPR first aid immediately, that is, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, perform artificial respiration and artificial chest compressions, so as to restore blood flow to the injured brain within 5 minutes and prevent irreversible damage to brain function. At the scene of the accident, first of all, simply judge breathing and cardiac arrest:
① sudden loss of consciousness. ② The aortic pulsation disappeared. (3) Stop breathing or convulsive breathing. On the premise of ensuring environmental safety, the injured person should be given first aid on the spot by lying flat. The methods are as follows: 1. Chest compressions for 30 times (the left palm root is placed in the lower sternum, the right hand is placed on the back of the left hand, the arms are straight, the center of gravity is vertically downward, the frequency is 100- 120 times/minute, and the compression depth is 5-6cm). Then perform artificial respiration twice immediately after taking out the foreign body in the nose (under the condition that the cervical vertebra is not injured, lift the lower jaw to open the airway, hold the nostril of the injured person with the thumb and forefinger of the left hand, relax when exhaling, and blow twice from mouth to mouth until the chest fluctuates, with the frequency of 10- 12 times/minute). Then repeat the last cycle until the professional emergency personnel arrive, or the injured person begins to breathe spontaneously, and his face and lips turn from cyanosis to ruddy.
4. What should I do in case of emergency?
1. What should I do?
First of all, quickly find the fire escape and run downstairs (there must be no leser in the elevator). If smoke is already spreading, you should put it down and move quickly. Never move upstairs, because 95% of the towers in Shanghai have locked balconies, so don't imagine being saved on the balcony.
2. What would you do if you found the 9th floor on fire when you went down to 10 floor?
First of all, don't fantasize that you can break through the fire point, because the temperature in the center of the fire point is above 1000 degrees, so you can't go back, so don't stay on the adjacent floor, and the temperature is also around several hundred degrees (in addition, if there is no soaked towel, it can last up to 3 minutes, and if there is this towel, it can last up to 1.5 minutes). You have to turn around quickly and climb to 65438+.
3. What kind of room is suitable?
First of all, it is not the bathroom, because most people in the fire are not burned to death, but suffocated. Most bathrooms in the building have no windows in the middle of each floor. So you must find a room closest to the main road (so that you will be the first target of firemen's rescue). This room must have windows and no security net (I know for the first time that in all fires, people in security window are always the last to be rescued, so that the most people can be effectively rescued in a short time). When you and your colleagues enter this room, the first action is to close the door. The second action is to seal all the air conditioning outlets you can see with your most commonly used tape, and the third action is to break the windows of your room. Of course, if there are many people, these actions can be performed at the same time.
If you are worried that the windows of the building are tempered glass, tell your strong male colleagues not to bump into the middle of the glass. The four corners of tempered glass are the weakest parts of these glasses, and it is easy to cut them with sharp instruments.
Moreover, no matter at home or in the office, as long as you are above the third floor, don't just choose to "jump off a building to escape". Countless people who died because of this have already explained that all of them are not Spider-Man or Superman.
4. What should I do when I stay in my room?
1) First of all, don't shout for help or "help", because you will consume more oxygen and inhale too much carbon monoxide and nitrogen, so that you can see God before your colleagues;
2) Second, if it is in the daytime, look for brightly colored clothes or cloth strips and throw them out of the window to attract attention; If it is at night, you should use a flashlight to attract attention, but in a fire, if there is no flashlight, a lighter is definitely not a good choice, because in a fire, a lighter will not obviously lead to the explosion of combustible gas.
3) Third, any towel soaked in fire is a welcome thing. Covering your eyes and nose will keep you going for a long time, thus giving firefighters more time to save you.
4) Learn to use fire extinguishers, "one lift, two pulls, three aiming and four spraying", and pay attention to distinguish dry powder and dry ice fire extinguishers. When your colleagues or family members catch fire, you can only spray them with dry powder fire extinguishers, otherwise the dry ice sprayed by dry ice fire extinguishers will make their burning body muscles explode.