Opening the poetry library of the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai’s poems are extraordinary and refined. Many of his famous poems are inseparable from landscapes, and the aura and atmosphere of landscapes are the soul of Li Bai’s poetry. It can be said that without landscapes, there would be no famous poems and fame of Li Bai, and there would be no romantic Li Bai. The Tang Dynasty was prosperous, with a vast territory and magnificent mountains and rivers. Li Bai could "look up to the sky and laugh and go out" and roam as much as he wanted. Li Bai used landscapes to express his pride and ambition, relieve depression and loneliness, and express homesickness and friendship... Li Bai was born in the Tang Dynasty, and his life was not in vain. He used his romantic footprints to write the landscapes of the Tang Dynasty into masterpieces that will last forever. Poetry has made the Chinese poetry world brilliant.
Li Bai can be described as an alternative among Chinese landscape poets. Li Bai's temperament is like a mountain and his temperament is like water. His life journey is like a mountain with constant ups and downs - sometimes steep, sometimes gentle, and as long-lasting as water - sometimes unrestrained and sometimes rounded. The mountains in Li Bai's poems include famous mountains - "When you climb up to the Taihang Mountains covered with snow", there are also nameless hills - "The green mountains across Beiguo"; the water in Li Bai's poems include large rivers - "I want to cross the Yellow River and the river is blocked by ice". , there is also a nameless river - "white water around the east city". Although the style and artistic conception of Li Bai's landscape poems are difficult to grasp, the landscapes in the poems are Li Bai's landscapes at first glance, just like Picasso's paintings are Picasso's paintings at first glance. Li Bai has the ability to dominate or control the landscape. He can describe both the details and the momentum of landscapes, and the momentum of describing landscapes expresses his own momentum. Li Bai expanded his momentum into the mountains and rivers, giving people the feeling that the mountains and rivers infected him. It was also he who was infected with the landscape of Datang.
1. Leaving Shu with great ambitions
At the age of 5, Li Bai moved to Qinglian Township, Changlong, Mianzhou with his father, named Qinglian Jushi. Li Bai was restless as his "Qinglian layman". When he was 25 years old, he brought a pot of liquor that was enough to ignite the passion of youth, smiled up to the sky, left home in style, left Shu, and began to roam the earth.
"Mount Emei Moon Song" is a poem written by Li Bai on his way to Shu in the 13th year of Kaiyuan: "The half-moon in Mount Emei in autumn casts its shadow into the water of Pingqiang River. At night the clear stream flows to the Three Gorges , I miss you and go to Yuzhou without seeing you." Five place names are used in the poem: Mount Emei, Pingqiang, Qingxi, Yuzhou, and Three Gorges, gradually unfolding a thousand-mile journey along the Shujiang River for readers. It can be seen in the poem that the poet is traveling day and night. The word "发" and the word "下" in the poem show the speed of the boat and the free and easy poet in a hurry. Coincidentally, another poem by Li Bai can be said to have the same meaning and meaning: "I traveled far away from Jingmen to travel from the Chu Kingdom. The mountains followed the plains, and the rivers flowed into the wilderness. Under the moon, I flew into the sky, and the clouds formed sea towers. I still pity the water of my hometown. , Sailing off for thousands of miles. "In the 14th year of the founding of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, 26-year-old Li Bai left Sichuan, crossed the Three Gorges, crossed Jingmen, and came to the Jianghan Plain with his ambition to serve the country generously and his dream of making great achievements. The poet is full of poetry. He pours out from the rolling mountains on both sides of the bank. Facing the distant mountains that are getting smaller and smaller and finally disappearing, and facing the river rolling across the vast land, Li Bai uses his novel feeling and hearty drunkenness. , wrote about the vastness of the plains and the majesty of the Yangtze River. In fact, this poem, like "Mount Emei Moon Song", both expresses his affection for the mountains and rivers and expresses the poet's lofty ideals.
2. Unfulfilled ambitions lead to difficulties
During the period when the Tang Dynasty was going from strength to decline, Li Bai passionately pursued light and freedom. He despised feudal etiquette and court dignitaries and refused to " He bowed his eyebrows and bowed his waist to bow to the forces of darkness, so he was coldly treated and attacked by the court. The cruel social reality made him cynical, trapped in trouble, depressed and lonely. "A pot of wine among the flowers, drinking alone without any intimacy. I raise my glass to invite the bright moon, and we meet the shadows of three people. The moon does not know how to drink, and its shadow only follows me. For a while, the moon is about to shadow, and my entertainment must last until spring. I sing to the moon as it wanders, My dancing shadows are in disarray. We meet each other happily when we are awake, but we are separated when we are drunk. We will travel together forever, and we will meet again in Miao Yunhan." Li Bai's poem "Traveling is Difficult" describes the scene of drinking alone under the moon. The poet invited the moon from loneliness, sometimes drinking together, sometimes singing and dancing, which fully demonstrated the poet's bohemian personality. He tried his best to make the originally lonely scene warm and cheerful, so as to relieve his worries. However, the excitement is superficial, but behind it lies the poet's arrogance and loneliness of being unappreciated and ignorant of the world. At the same time, "having fun must wait until spring" shows the poet's helplessness in the face of difficulties, so he has to take pleasure in hardship and is eager to extricate himself. . There is also the poem "Difficult to Travel", which expresses the difficulty of traveling: "If you want to cross the Yellow River, which is blocked by ice, you will climb the snow-covered mountains of Taihang." The poet was full of ambitions but had no way out, so he was confused, very depressed and contradictory, so much so that he was in the palace , facing the "golden bottle of sake" and the "jade plate of delicacies", he had no appetite at all: "I stopped eating and threw the chopsticks, and I drew my sword and looked around at a loss." However, a romantic poet is a romantic poet, and Li Bai was not depressed. , he still sticks to his dream and waits for the opportunity - "I spend my free time fishing on the blue stream, and suddenly I go on a boat to dream of the sun". He firmly believes that "there will be times when the wind and waves break, and I will hang my cloud sails and sail across the sea." Perhaps in the eyes of the world, "crossing the Yellow River" and "climbing Taihang" are very difficult things, but for Li Bai, who loves the great rivers and mountains of his motherland, they are precisely the greatest undertakings, and it is also the greatness he wants to display when he leaves Shu. Ambition; it’s just that the rushing Yellow River should not be blocked by ice, and the majestic Taihang should not be blocked by snow, and this solid ice and pale snow were the dark reality at that time.
Li Bai was troubled by the dark reality, and he finally sighed deeply: "The journey is difficult! The journey is difficult! There are many divergent roads, where can I live now?" Since there are so many forked roads, and since all roads lead to Rome, then Li Bai will inevitably choose one. The romantic road leading to your dreams should be filled with bright flowers and beautiful scenery. If the road is difficult to travel, it is wise to change the route. Sometimes, "cut off the water with a knife and the water will flow more, and raise a cup to eliminate the sorrow and make it worse." Li Bai, who did not want to be a "Penghao man", "cut off the water" and "drinked his sorrows with wine", in order to eliminate the depression in his heart, he resolutely "laughed up to the sky and went out", or simply had a "Ming Dynasty emanation" "Broken boat"... Li Bai's romance is extraordinary. His romance is actually a kind of hysterical venting, and this venting "flying down three thousand feet" just made his unruly romance possible.
Throughout the ages, there have been countless literati and poets who wandered around the world because of "unsatisfactory life", and their travels and results were different. Like Tao Yuanming, Li Bai did not want to be humbled, but he did not live in seclusion; he also had Qu Yuan's feelings of concern for the country and the people, but he did not commit suicide by throwing himself into the river. Li Bai is Li Bai, a Li Taibai who is as strong as a mountain and as flexible as water.
3. Wandering around the world with long-lasting love
Romantic poets are not dissolute people - romantic poets love homesickness, but dissolute people do not necessarily miss home. No matter how romantic Li Bai was, no matter how romantic he was to the ends of the earth and the ends of the earth, he would still miss home, and his homesickness was higher than the mountains and deeper than the water. "If the love is not deep, it will not be thrilling." In "Moon Song of Mount Emei", Li Bai felt homesick as soon as he left Shu: "The clear stream flows to the Three Gorges at night, and I miss you when I don't see you and go to Yuzhou." The boat sailed quickly and arrived at Chu State. , Li Bai felt homesick again: "I still pity the water of my hometown, and I send you on my boat for thousands of miles." The poet uses personification to write about the mountains and rivers of his hometown to send him on his boat for thousands of miles. Although he cannot see his hometown, he drinks the water and thinks about the source. When he sees the water in his hometown, he also The fact that he can feel nostalgic for his hometown shows that Li Bai has a strong nostalgia.
Wandering around the world, Li Bai learned that his friend had been demoted. He composed a poem and sent it to him from afar: "When the poplar flowers have fallen, the child cries, and I hear the dragon marking the road crossing the five streams. I express my sorrow." With the bright moon, follow the wind to the west of the night. "All scenery words are love words." "Five streams" are originally five landscapes, but in the poem they are like five scars remaining in the heart. Li Bai cherished friendship. When he was extremely lonely, he would imagine the bright moon as a friend, drink with the bright moon, and hope to "become a loveless companion forever, and meet each other again."
4. Love mountains and rivers and work as a tour guide
Li Bai is not only a great poet, he is also a traveler. His romantic thoughts and extraordinary experiences left people with profound thoughts and immortal topics. Li Bai's poems are both poems and paintings. It can be said that there are poems within paintings and paintings within poems. As a great traveler, Li Bai traveled in poems and paintings. He expressed his love for the great rivers and mountains of his motherland with his unique insights. He is a poetry fairy and a wine fairy. He uses love and wine to relieve the frustrations of life, releases the depression in his heart during the journey, and pursues spiritual sustenance. He leaves romantic footprints and colorful poetry along the way. Throughout the ages, when people look up to this elegant poet, they will turn their depression into cheer, raise their heads and smile at life, and can't help but feel the same romance and boldness as him. Li Bai traveled a long time, covered a wide area, and visited many scenic spots in his life. Moreover, he was a poetic poet with flying colors. I strongly recommend Li Bai to be China's number one tour guide so that more people can travel with him to the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. At the same time, fully enjoy the beautiful nature and wonderful life.
Li Bai’s landscape poems should be wonderful commentary. Appreciating his landscape poems is like visiting landscapes or appreciating landscape paintings, and it adds a profound insight into life. Li Bai was so obsessed with wine and mountains and rivers that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty gave him a gold medal: "Eat wine in every place, pay money in the treasury", which has been passed down through the ages. The poet Du Fu has a poem praising Li Bai, the wine fairy: "Li Bai wrote hundreds of poems about drinking wine, and went to sleep in a restaurant in Chang'an City. The emperor couldn't get on the boat when he called him, so he claimed that he was a wine fairy." Li Bai claimed that "the five mountains are not far away in search of immortals, and life is good." "Traveling to Famous Mountains", he spent most of his life roaming in seclusion. Li Bai roamed the famous mountains and rivers, placing his affection on the breeze and the bright moon, and left behind many famous landscape poems with subtle and far-reaching artistic conception. Li Bai traveled widely throughout his life. When he entered the middle of Shu, he left behind the eternal saying "The road to Shu is difficult, it is difficult to reach the blue sky"; when he left the Three Gorges, he left behind the empty valley that "the apes on both sides of the bank can't stop crying, and the light boat has passed the ten thousand mountains". Traveling south to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, we left behind the silhouette of a long river with "green mountains on both sides of the bank facing each other, and a solitary sail approaching the sun"; going up to Lushan Mountain, we left behind a magnificent picture of "flying down three thousand feet, and it seems that the Milky Way is setting in the sky"; The journey to Qilu in the east left behind the majestic scene of "the water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and rushes to the sea and never returns"; the journey to the west of Huashan left behind the majestic chapter of "the Yellow River touches the mountains for thousands of miles, and spins the vortex of the Qin mines". Cintio said: "Poets are far superior to historians in their ability to educate people." I would say that Li Bai is also superior to geographers. Li Bai traveled to many places and had a lot of experience. His poems add comprehensive cultural charm with an artistic and beautiful natural landscape. If Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty asked him to be the tourism director, he would definitely do a great job and turn the mountains and rivers of the motherland into scenic spots.
Li Bai was addicted to alcohol, which intoxicated his soul. After drinking, he left more than 900 poems to future generations, which are well-known and popular. These gleaming poems express his life's mental journey and are also an artistic portrayal of the social reality and life in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Li Bai's free and uninhibited personality and colorful thoughts destined him to be a tour guide. He can make the places he travels full of romantic poetry and painting, and can make the tourists who follow him have a beautiful and romantic poetic heart. Pursuing along the way, the profound footprints of the poet Li Bai, step by step, string by string, from the past to the present, have poeticized China's landscape and will extend into the endless future.
Hu Desheng, Chinese teacher, currently lives in Xiangfan, Hubei.
This article was edited by: Lao Meng