Learning guidance objectives:
1. Be able to identify poetry appreciation (refined fonts).
2. Be able to remember the answer mode of poetry appreciation (refining fonts).
3. Combining oral English with practice, I will use poetry appreciation (font refining) answering skills.
Teaching emphasis: grasping the connotation of poetry and learning the answer mode of poetry appreciation (refining fonts)
Teaching difficulties: grasping the connotation of poetry and the application of answering mode (refined font) in college entrance examination questions
Teaching process:
First of all, the story stimulated interest and introduced new courses.
1, Story "On Poetry by Dongpo, Huanggu and Su Xiaomei": In today's Chinese class, I will tell you a story first. According to legend, Su Dongpo, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, once discussed poetry with his sister Su Xiaomei and his poetry friend Huang Tingjian. The younger sister said "the breeze shows the willows" and "the plum blossom in the light moon", and asked the elder brother to add a word to "the breeze shows the willows" and "the plum blossom in the light moon".
Su Dongpo immediately said: "Shake" in the front and reflect "in the back", that is, "the breeze shakes the willow and the bright moon reflects the plum blossom." Unexpectedly, Su Xiaomei called it "inferior".
After careful consideration, Huang Tingjian said: "The breeze and the willows dance together, and the plum blossoms are hidden in the moonlight." "The little sister smiled and said," yes, but still not on the grade. "
Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian couldn't help asking, "What do you think?" Su Xiaomei read: "The breeze helps the willows, and the plum blossoms are defeated in the bright moon." Su Dongpo and Huang Gugu were chanting and pondering, and they couldn't help but say that it was wonderful.
What is the beauty of such a change? We might as well have some fun.
2. Students communicate after discussion.
[Qing] "Breeze" Xu Lai, "Fine willow" does not move, how can it be worthy of such explicit verbs as "shake" and "dance"? Only the word "Fu" is just right, suitable for "light" and "fine", harmonious and consistent, personifying the wind, vividly portraying the gentle state of the cool breeze Xu Lai and the willows swaying, giving people a feminine taste.
It is also inappropriate to add "English" and "Yin" to the next sentence. Imagine that the quiet moon has filled the earth, and plum blossoms are naturally not as conspicuous as during the day. In the moonlight, it will be eclipsed. In this way, a word "lost" outlines the scene of moonlight and plum blossoms, which enhances the appeal of this poem. It's really talented.
3. Brief Description: Ancient writers in China attached great importance to refining characters. They think that refining words is as important as refining ideas and sentences, and they are both important links in "tempering articles" and one of the main ways to make articles refined and beautiful.
4. What is the overall perception of refined words?
The branches of red apricot are full of spring. -"Yulouchun" verb
A poem with the word "noisy" is full of artistic conception, which makes people feel the thriving scene in the garden. )
The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. -"Climbing High" overlapping style
The bed is cold and full of phoenix trees, and the moon is bright where phoenix trees are missing. -"autumn night" adjective
In the old Zita Law tree, a branch opened last night. -"early plum" number
This is a poem in my heart forever. The word "Shuang" is the poetic eye of the whole poem, and the visual image is written in a tactile state. The dancing moon shadow reflected under the buttonwood tree outside the window, covered with a cold and empty mattress, creates a lonely artistic conception and expresses the poet's grief and indignation.
(1) Which words in the above poems are the most expressive?
(2) Which words are usually the focus of word extraction?
Qing: poetic eyes, usually verbs or adjectives. Analyzing the eye of poetry is to grasp the most concise and vivid taste of verbs or adjectives in poetry and see its role in creating poetic artistic conception and conveying the poet's feelings.
Second, teachers guide teaching and students explore independently.
1. What are the common ways to ask questions about "writing"?
What is the most refined and vivid word in a couplet? Please enjoy it briefly.
There is a saying that has always been praised. What do you think of it?
Can one word in this poem be replaced by another? Please briefly explain the reasons.
4. What are the eyes of poetry? Appreciate its beauty.
5. A word or phrase is considered as the key to the whole poem. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
2. Students explore independently and grasp the key points of answering questions.
Example 1. Looking at the moon for fifteen nights, send it to Du Langzhong.
Wang Jian
There are crows in Bai Shu and osmanthus in Coody Leng in the atrium.
Tonight, people are looking forward to it. I wonder who will fall in Qiu Si?
Please analyze the word "cold" in the second sentence. Where can I use it? (4 points)
A: "cold", cold; Wrote the autumn night dew cold, dew wet osmanthus; It describes the author's loneliness and disappointment in a foreign land.
Example 2. Guoxiangji temple
Wang Wei
I don't know where Ji Xiang Temple is, so I climbed several miles into the clouds and peaks.
Ancient trees are towering, but there are no pedestrian paths, and there are bells in the mountains in the temple.
The spring water in the mountains hits the dangerous rocks, and the sun in the pine forest is cold.
In the evening, come to the empty pool and meditate quietly to suppress the dragon.
[Note] An Chan: Buddhist language, refers to sitting quietly with eyes closed, without distractions; Dragon: refers to secular desires.
1. The poet visited the Ji Xiang Temple, but he didn't know where it was. After walking a few miles, the poet entered the peak surrounded by white clouds.
In the jungle with towering old trees, there are no people and no paths for people to walk. Suddenly, a bell rang from nowhere, echoing in the mountains.
3. The spring water trudges among the rugged rocks, as if making a painful sound; When the sun passes through the lush pine forest, it seems to get colder.
The so-called "empty pool song", originally the residence of the dragon, is now empty, because the dragon has been surrendered. At dusk, the poet suddenly realized Zen, and all his desires and evil thoughts suddenly dissipated in the clouds, leaving his mind detached.
The ancient people often used the word "poetic eye" when commenting on poetry. The so-called "poetic eye" often refers to the most concise and vivid word in a poem. What do you think is the word "poetic eye" in the last two sentences of this poem? Why? Please enjoy the whole poem briefly.
Reference answer: "poetic eyes" are "pharynx" and "cold" respectively.
The spring water flowing in the mountain is blocked by rocks, just like sobbing. The color of the sun shining on the pine trees is dim because of the darkness of the mountains. (Explain the meaning of words and describe the scene)
The words "pharynx" and "cold" vividly, concisely and vividly show the quiet and lonely scene in the mountains by personification and synaesthesia. (Point effect)
3. Cooperate and exchange, and summarize the steps of answering questions.
Through two examples, let students try to summarize the steps of "refining words" in poetry appreciation:
Step 1: point out the poetic eye (word eye, word) or explain the meaning of the word.
Step 2: Expand the association and put the words into the original sentence to describe the scene. If this word involves the use of artistic techniques, it should be analyzed in combination with artistic techniques.
Step 3: point out the function of words: write down what characteristics of scenery and things, or express what feelings.
Special reminder: when answering questions, you should not talk about this word in isolation, but put it in a sentence and analyze it with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem.
Third, a quiz, that is, class training.
1. Nanpu Bie Bai Juyi
In the bleak drudgery of Nanpu, the autumn wind is bleak.
Turn back immediately, my heart is broken, so I can leave and don't look back.
According to the predecessors, the word "Kan" seems ordinary, but in fact it is very vivid and can really reveal the image of the lyric hero. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
A: I agree. Look, in the poem, it means to look back (the first step).
I left people, and I often looked back. Every time I look back, I feel deeply grieved. This word makes us seem to see the tearful image of the lyric hero (step 2).
Just the word "look" shows the sadness of parting as much as possible (step 3).
2. Move to Rongyu Pavilion beside the lake.
It's a pavilion on the Spring Breeze Lake, and wicker vines are divorced.
The oriole has known each other for a long time, and she wanted to stop crying four or five times.
The ancients paid great attention to the refinement of words when writing poems, and the verbs "Xi" and "crow" in poems were used accurately and vividly. Please analyze it briefly.
A: The word "tie" not only conforms to the slender and soft characteristics of wicker rattan, but also describes the pulling action of wicker rattan on clothes and clothes, and expresses its attachment and the deep feeling that its owner is reluctant to leave with anthropomorphic methods. The use of the word "crow" not only conforms to the characteristics of oriole singing, but also retains it like a charm, which reminds people of parting tears.
Fourth, summarize in class and sort out what you have learned.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) assignment
1. (National Volume 2, 2008) Read the following song poem and then answer this question.
Li Mi in spring-Xun (1).
Light rain is looking forward to spring, and falling flowers are near dusk.
The car dust can't reach the ground, and the door is full of birds singing.
[Note] ① Li Mi-xun (1085- 1 153), a native of Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province), has served as a Sheren official of Zhongshu and assistant minister of the household department. He was dismissed because he strongly opposed Qin Gui's surrender policy. (2) Layout: refers to the empty place at the door.
Please appreciate the word "net" in the first sentence. (4 points)
A: The net is a net. The light rain is like a silk screen, trying to capture the fleeting spring. This kind of imagination and metaphor (personification) is vivid and novel. It shows the author's strong reservation about spring.
2. (Guangdong Volume 2009) Read the following poem and then answer this question. (7 points)
moon
Du Fu
Wanli Qutang (1 month), six songs in spring (2).
There is always a dark room open, so it is full of blue sky.
Calm, excited and tearful.
There are blackbirds flying in the south, and they have been in the river for a long time.
Note ① Qutang Gorge: Qutang Gorge is located in Fengjie-Wushan section of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, where Du Fu once lived after the Anshi Rebellion.
② First quarter moon: the first quarter moon, the bow moon in July and August of the lunar calendar. 3 reasons: frequent, frequent.
1. The Qutangxia Moon from Wan Li has appeared for the sixth time since this spring. The first couplet not only explains the time (early June) and place (Qutangxia), but also conveys Wan Li's wandering and stranded feelings.
Moonlight often illuminates my dark room, filled with boundless blue sky. The word "Chang" not only shows the attentive concern for the moon, but also shows the poet's suffering from troubled times, often sleepless at night and longing for the moon.
3. The moonlight shines quietly, and it is cool through the skirt, which is particularly comfortable; The moon is high in the sky, indifferent to my tearful face.
There is a black magpie flying south, hovering under the moon for a long time, with no branches to follow, so it has to land by the river. This association uses a poem from Cao Cao's "Short Songs": "There are few stars in the moon, and blackbirds fly south. Turn around the tree three times and you can rely on any branch. " Metaphorically speaking, I wander around and have nowhere to live.
(1) What kind of feelings does the author express mainly by chanting the moon?
A: (1) The whole poem is set in the bright moon, and the same bright moon has entrusted the two places with their yearning for each other. Distant feelings of missing are intertwined with the loneliness of the moonlit night, forming a sad and lonely atmosphere, expressing the poet's worries about the current political turmoil, the difficulty of state affairs, and missing his relatives in his hometown. By describing a cold and quiet moonlight on a spring night, the author expresses his sad feelings of being displaced and living in turmoil because of the national disaster.
⑵ Choose two words from "Wan Li", "Shi Shi" and "Yejiu" and analyze their functions of expressing emotions respectively. (4 points)
A: ① The word "Wan Li" highlights the vastness of space, shows the vast world shrouded in the faint moonlight, and embodies the poet's individual smallness and loneliness.
② The word "long night" emphasizes the long time, describes the scene that the black magpie can only temporarily perch on the river after a long flight in the middle of the night, and implicitly shows the poet's difficult situation of running around for a long time and being exhausted physically and mentally.
The word "total" is written in overlapping words, and the moonlight shines into the darkroom from time to time, which is opposite to the old saying in the next sentence, making the language expression more rhythmic.
Whether writing about natural scenery or writing about one's own life and mentality, the whole article is understated and full of interest. The rhythm is also smooth and cheerful, and the poet's love for spring and life is injected between the lines.
3. (National Volume 2, 2007) Read the following Tang poems and then answer this question.
New Julia Wang Wei
After the rain, the new clear sky is particularly open, and the vision is open without any fog and dust.
The gatehouse of the outer city is close to the ferry pier, and the trees at the edge of the village connect the stream and the estuary.
The silvery white river is shining in the fields, especially bright, and the green mountains stand behind the ridge.
It is the busy farming season, there are no idle people, and farmers are busy going to the fields.
[Note] Atmospheric scale: dust.
What is the most refined and vivid word in the sentence in the third link? Please analyze it briefly. (4 points)
A: The first step is to point out the words: the most vivid ones are "Ming" and "Chu".
The second step describes the scene: "Ming" and "Chu" fully show the "new sunshine" after the rain, and the scenery seen by the poet in the wild: the river outside the field rises, and the "white water" is sparkling under the sunshine; The mountains washed by rain show "blue peaks" under the sunshine.
The third step points out the function of words: the river is sparkling and brighter than usual; The mountain is a "blue peak" under the sunlight, which is more layered.