Imitation is not a new term, but practical experience tells us that imitation can slow down the difficulty of students' writing, make them from reading to writing, never write but write, and transform vivid pictures of life around them into distinctive language and words, helping them successfully build a bridge between reading and writing and successfully complete the transition from books to life. Imitation writing is still an effective way to improve students' writing level.
"Diligent reading and writing, focusing on accumulation" is the foundation; "Practice a lesson and persevere" is the key. I mainly guide students to write from the following aspects.
First, fragments imitate beautiful fragments and distinctive fragments, which are the objects of our imitation. We study the article "Guilin Landscape" to describe the quiet, clear and green sentences of Lijiang River. After leading everyone to read aloud emotionally, I ask you, can you write a paragraph like her? The students look embarrassed.
I said, the teacher wrote a paragraph, let's listen to it. After listening to my words, everyone cheered and craned their necks.
I said, "Spring has come and the flowers are blooming. I walked into the park and was intoxicated by the scenery in front of me. There are so many flowers in the park. At first glance, the garden is full of colorful flowers, just like an ocean of flowers; The flowers in the park are really beautiful, red as chardonnay, white as snow and yellow as gold; The flowers in the park are really fragrant, attracting swarms of bees and butterflies. They danced among the flowers and couldn't bear to leave. "
Just after reading it, several students laughed. I asked, "What are you laughing at?" They said, "That's what teachers do. This is really like a photo. "
I said, imitation is also a writing method. You can write like me. In this way, the students are excited and eager to try. As a result, some students wrote that the dishes cooked by my mother were really delicious, from three aspects: color, fragrance and taste; Some people write that the weather is really cold, from three aspects: the bare branches of the roadside trees are shivering in the cold wind, and the pedestrians in the street are shrinking their necks, even the breath exhaled by people is white.
2. Write a 600-word composition on the topic of not imitating others in your own way. I try to imitate all the people I admire, and even want to abandon my personality and specialty and become a completely different person. I was wrong. My imitation failed. I was completely desperate, and I felt useless at that time. I have nothing, I have lost my unique personality, demeanor, personality, charm and thoughts. What is the result of losing these, and what are the gains? No, I paid a more terrible price. I wasted time and energy. I have become worse than before. I hope my failure can give you some enlightenment. Please don't make these low-level mistakes again. Recently, I read the composition of Shaanxi college entrance examination in 2006, and suddenly found myself once a crow in the composition of college entrance examination.
When I introduce my own experience, I don't completely deny the effect of imitating others. I just think that some imitations will not only bring us positive effects, but sometimes they will bury our undiscovered advantages in other aspects. This crow in the college entrance examination composition! I really hope you are my friend. When I first saw your experience, I did have some ridicule and regret for you. Later, when I think about it carefully, I really admire your persistence and have to give you a thumbs-up in the midst of various opinions.
If you don't dislike my new friend, with all due respect, the gap between you and the eagle in the sky is too big, and your ability is not the same as that of the eagle. It is impossible for crows to fight the sky like eagles. Because of envy, we tried to completely change ourselves to catch up with others, but the result was that we paid multiple costs but in vain.
Handan is a toddler. What will happen if he learns to walk like others? Crawled back by himself. This is the price of idolatry. Is it worthwhile to completely deny yourself because you envy others? I don't think it's worth being an idol at all. It can only serve as a model. We should carefully measure our own abilities when studying, and pay attention to our own personality while learning from others. We should proceed from our own advantages and develop ourselves. Isn't it? I don't think anyone wants to be a crow? In fairy tales, the image of a crow is either deceived or blindly borrowed from others and eventually dies. Why doesn't this crow have any personal thoughts and opinions? I think it's an alternative chameleon, no problem. We are unique individuals in the world. We should live for ourselves, go our own way and innovate from our own advantages, instead of taking the road of others' success.
Crow explained to us the cost of blindly imitating others with his own life, hoping that people would wake up completely. We can inherit the persistent spirit of the crow, but we can't follow its blindness. We should conscientiously sum up the experience and lessons, and don't let the tragedy of crows happen again. Let's straighten our position, set our own goals and develop ourselves.
3. Don't imitate others' compositions. A long time ago, a tiger thought, "why should we hunt hard?" We can completely rely on wisdom to hunt! It is not difficult to watch foxes hunt.
Why don't I imitate him? The next day, the tiger walked slowly among the rabbits with a cute and smiling mask and said to them, "Cough ~ Cough ~ I decided not to eat meat from now on." I want to be friends with you! The rabbit asked in a trembling voice that they could hardly hear, "Are you really not going to eat us?" ""Well, how can I eat my friends? " "Yes! Let's play together! Suddenly, the tiger jumped up with a bang, grabbed all the rabbits and said derisively, "Your meat is my good friend!" " "The tiger fooled almost all the animals with this trick.
However, from then on, all animals stopped believing in tigers and ran away when they saw them. The tiger's long-term unearned gains made him forget his hunting ability.
No one can catch up. Before I starved to death, I said, "I really shouldn't imitate the fox!" " I don't have a fox brain at all! "Deliberately imitating others will only be counterproductive.
4. How to teach writers how to teach students to imitate compositions? Students' composition imitation guides "imitation", and dictionaries interpret it as "learning to do according to some ready-made appearance".
Generally speaking, the acquisition of skills is always inseparable from imitation, and so is the writing of middle school students. In order to turn the writing knowledge learned in and out of class into ability, we must learn from the articles we read by imitation, and get the essentials of writing from them, so as to improve our expressive ability. Imitation is a common training method in middle school composition teaching. If we can teach students some imitation methods in time, we will get twice the result with half the effort.
Mr. Ye Shengtao said, "Reading is absorption, writing is pouring out" and "Reading is the basis of writing". ("Two Basic Concepts of Chinese Teaching") It can be seen that the first step of parody is to choose a model essay for in-depth experience.
Model essays come from texts selected from textbooks and extracurricular reading materials designated by teachers or selected by students. These are excellent achievements written by predecessors or others, with high taste, standardization, demonstration and acceptability, and are suitable for students to imitate.
Mr. Liu said: "It is of great benefit to adopt the method from the beginning to the middle, so that students can climb the mountain, overlook the sea and broaden their horizons." ("On Writing Teaching") 1. The choice of model essay is guided by the teaching purpose of each imitation training and has a clear direction. You can't blindly touch birds and read books at will, which wastes time.
For example, in the narrative writing teaching of senior one, Chekhov's "The Man on the Cover" is chosen as a model essay when using the writing method of reflecting the reality from the side and the front, so that students can carefully analyze how the article describes the main character Rykov and learn from it, and then apply this multi-angle writing method to their own compositions. Second, the method of parody When students get some inspiration from the model essay, understand one or more points of expression, and are eager to try in their own composition, they reach the second link of parody, that is, learn to express creatively and independently, and write articles with certain depth and novelty.
Imitation writing has its own methods to follow, and it is a bridge between model writing and imitation writing, which should be chosen according to the needs of imitation. The first method of parody is to take meaning, that is, to write an article by imitating the content of the model essay.
It includes three situations. One is written by a model essay, which is written by imitation. For example, taking Jia Zuzhang's Lychee in June in Zhou Nan as a model essay, it is required to take "Apricot" as the object of explanation, and explain it according to the main idea of the model essay in combination with materials.
The second is to imitate the main spiritual content of the model essay. For example, Zhu Ziqing's "Spring" is used as a model essay to write "Footsteps of Spring", which depicts the touching scene of the earth returning to the earth in spring and praises the hope and strength brought by the vitality of spring.
The third is to change the angle of the model essay and still choose the materials in the model essay to write. For example, taking the text "Blessing" as a model essay, the story of Xianglinsao is written in a positive way, depicting a female image persecuted by feudal ethics.
The second method of imitation writing is imitation, that is, writing your own content by imitating the structure, expression and sentence characteristics of the model essay. It contains two situations. One is full imitation, which imitates the original form as a whole.
For example, writing "What should we live for?" can completely imitate the structural layout of Russell's "Why do I live for?" First, directly answer the proposition, make a concrete exposition in the central part, and finally make a summary to show the principles of life I pursue. If it can be written simply and naturally, "new wine in old bottles" will be a better imitation.
The second is a little imitation, only imitating one or two points of the model essay. The range of point imitation is very wide, including sentence patterns, paragraphs, beginning and end, association, observation, narration, description, explanation, lyric, discussion and so on. And all kinds of techniques can be imitated.
Third, parody should be innovative. The third link of parody is to make students understand that parody is not a simple imitation, but to master various writing methods of the article on the basis of imitation, and gradually innovate, and finally write a good article with its own unique views. To achieve this goal, we need to pay attention to three points in imitation writing: first, we must determine the imitation point.
Imitation point refers to the point to be imitated in the model essay, which can be expressed in one place or in several places. This is the connection and similarity between model essay and parody, and the key to parody is to determine imitation of Wen Dian.
The determination of imitation points should be based on the characteristics of the model essay, the most obvious and prominent writing characteristics in the model essay, and the actual situation of students, which is only suitable for students to imitate. Second, parody should be natural and appropriate.
It is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the selected model essay, understand the uniqueness of the model essay in writing, so as to imitate its essence and express its content in the form of others. Third, parody should be gradual.
Practice a little imitation at first, and gradually carry out full imitation; Practice the imitation of sentence paragraphs at first, and gradually imitate the structure, writing and expression; It can be rigid at first and gradually achieve creative imitation. Achieved the goal from easy to difficult, from shallow to deep, from imitation to creation.
5. How to write an imitation composition? Definition: imitation, which is called imitation in ancient Chinese.
The so-called imitation is to select a famous work of the ancients, study the layout, decoration, charm and other skills, and then imitate this article and make an article. Imitation writing is a way of writing that imitates and simulates according to the structure, expression, language and conception of an article or paragraph.
Objective: The purpose of this section is to understand the characteristics, types and essentials of parody, so as to improve the writing level through parody training. Imitation is not a mechanical copy, but a handy use after self-digestion.
The model essay is just an example, from which I get inspiration and enlightenment, and finally go to innovation and draw my own gourd. This is the purpose. Theory: Since ancient times, many scholars have attached great importance to imitation. If there is a sentence in someone's article that is not like the ancients, it will be reprimanded as the evil way of the wild fox; Some people who are extremely opposed to imitation think that imitation is the murderer who stifles literary life; In addition, there are some scholars who take the golden mean.
It can really be said that each family is different and there is no agreement. I think the rise and prevalence of every theory must have its reasons, but it is a pity that later generations are often possessed, which has aroused the anger of many people, but this theory itself is not wrong.
We just need to pull it back to the right path, stop obsessing and obsessing. We know that there are some ways to learn calligraphy, such as painting red, copying, moving, aligning and reciting.
If a beginner in calligraphy does not start from copying and create his own works from scratch, then his calligraphy will definitely not be good. Of course, copying also has shortcomings. People who have been copying will never reach the peak in calligraphy.
The same is true of mathematics. If the teacher doesn't teach some basic mathematical concepts and isn't on the blackboard, then do some topics for demonstration. Don't give some questions as homework and give instructions for correcting them; In the exam, can students learn without giving them some questions about the test level? Among them, the teacher does it once and the students do it again when they go home, which is called imitation in the composition. Beginners of photography should first look at the works of famous artists, understand their skills, and then follow the trend, and over time, they will create their own quite good articles.
The same is true for studying art. Similarly, if you don't start writing articles by copying ancient masterpieces, you will certainly not be able to appreciate the beauty of ancient temples and the wealth of hundreds of officials.
Let's see, in ancient times, Yang Xiong made The Book of Changes, The Analects of Confucius and Er Ya too mysterious, French and dialect. Han Yu, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, etc. They are not familiar with ancient Chinese, so they plan to imitate it, let themselves master it, innovate and prosper, and form their own family.
So imitation should be a very important method. Imitation is a way to learn articles, but it is very hard to imitate articles.
Students may reject it, because it used to be "I use my handwriting mouth" and write whatever comes to mind. This is so simple, but now it is controlled by the rules of ancient Chinese, and you can't do whatever you want. Under the psychological factors of easy refuge, it will naturally be rejected.
There are also ancient people's opinions against imitation that can be used. Naturally, it is more reasonable to completely deny it. We should understand the value of imitation as a wonderful way to reply, and we should persuade these weak people to face the reality bravely instead of avoiding difficulties.
4. Principle: (1) Imitate forms and methods, feel and understand your own, so you should have your own opinions and speak your own words; (2) Imitation should be targeted and pay attention to imitating those things that inspire you; (3) Imitation should be gradual, combining point with surface. Methods: Since imitation is necessary, it also has great defects.
What should I do to make the article progress without being possessed? As mentioned above, there are red tracing, copying, transfer printing, temporary pasting and back pasting in calligraphy. There are also dead imitation and live imitation methods in the imitation of articles.
Beginners of composition are short of vocabulary, ideas and information, so they can draw up some superficial articles. After the knowledge has increased, we can imitate some high-level works.
At the beginning of imitation, it is natural to be completely similar. If there is no way to be completely similar, there is naturally no need to cut the foot and fit the shoes.
Cutting feet and fitting shoes is harmful because of imitation, that is, the act of possessing. The ancients imitated articles and even gave up the use of contemporary literary words, choosing ancient literary words instead. Anyone who insists on using ancient literary words, official system, place names, etc. Not the modern one, but also possessed.
As for those with high learning ability, they can imitate abstract and brilliant laws such as style, momentum, divinity and artistic conception. On a higher level, it will be the point to create your own style. If you can't create your own style, you will never reach the peak, just like a bee picking flowers to make honey, but you can't see flowers in honey; It's also like brewing rice to make wine. After the wine is made, the bad must be removed.
Han Yu learned Mencius' writing skills, but Mencius was no longer visible in Han Yu's articles. Another example is Ouyang Xiu's study of Han Yu's articles, but Owen can't see Korean, which is a complete change. If later generations learned ancient prose, but could not thoroughly remould themselves, China's literary world would certainly not have made great progress today. Therefore, if they only imitate and never innovate all their lives, it is also a common phenomenon of computer addiction.
Before imitating, we should make a thorough analysis of the article to be imitated. If you don't have this skill, you should consult the opinions of ancient and modern analysis and comments, or consult people who know composition and decoration, otherwise you can't imitate it properly. In addition, you must collect enough writing materials to use them freely.
Imitation is an essential process of composition. When you are a beginner, you should imitate it in time and learn a considerable level. If you still want to imitate, you will have a deeper understanding, just like some masters who are good at calligraphy often copy. So we must not ignore its value.
Lu. Classification: including structural imitation, expression imitation, language imitation and intention imitation.
6. How to imitate an article? Fragment imitation
Beautiful fragments and distinctive fragments are the objects we imitate. We study the article "Guilin Landscape" to describe the quiet, clear and green sentences of Lijiang River. After leading everyone to read aloud emotionally, I ask you, can you write a paragraph like her? The students look embarrassed. I said, the teacher wrote a paragraph, let's listen to it. After listening to my words, everyone cheered and craned their necks. I said, "Spring has come and the flowers are blooming. I walked into the park and was intoxicated by the scenery in front of me. There are so many flowers in the park. At first glance, the garden is full of colorful flowers, just like an ocean of flowers; The flowers in the park are really beautiful, red as chardonnay, white as snow and yellow as gold; The flowers in the park are really fragrant, attracting swarms of bees and butterflies. They danced among the flowers and couldn't bear to leave. " Just after reading it, several students laughed. I asked, "What are you laughing at?" They said, "That's what teachers do. This is really like a photo. "I said, imitation is also a kind of writing method, you can write like me. In this way, the students are excited and eager to try. As a result, some students wrote that the dishes cooked by my mother were really delicious, from three aspects: color, fragrance and taste; Some people write that the weather is really cold, from three aspects: the bare branches of the roadside trees are shivering in the cold wind, and the pedestrians in the street are shrinking their necks, even the breath exhaled by people is white.
Second, structural imitation.
Pupils often don't know how to express their writing, but it is difficult to write after thinking hard, because they don't know how to conceive an article, including how to start and end; At this point, if you give her a crutch to support her, she will tide over the difficulties smoothly. Model essay is a crutch to help students learn to write. For example, the text "White Goose" is written in the order of "total score", which is very clear and is a model for students to imitate. After learning the text, you can guide students to describe the animals they are familiar with and like according to the structure of the text. After understanding the writing method of the total score, continue to expand and practice writing other articles, and write articles about people, scenery and things, so that students can have rules to follow and it will be much easier to write.
Third, language imitation.
In teaching, it is found that many students' writing language is poor and lack of literary talent, which is the reason why Chinese learning cannot be applied. There are many ways for primary school students to learn a language, such as word formation, sentence formation, reading or reciting. This will have a good influence on students' language, and parody is also a good way. The first volume of the fourth grade of Chinese in primary schools published by People's Education Publishing House contains a set of texts describing animals: Mr. Lao She's Cat and Chicken, with friendly, natural and unpretentious language; The White Goose written by Mr. Feng Zikai personifies the white goose, just like an arrogant general. Russia's white goose, humorous language makes people unforgettable for a long time. Each of the four articles has its own characteristics and is a model for students to accumulate language. To this end, after learning the text, we lost no time to guide students to practice: "My favorite little animal"; Someone I know. Students successfully copied articles such as Little Pigeon and Puppy.
Fourth, from imitation to creation.
Composition is an artistic representation of life, which only transforms oral language into written language. Therefore, the ultimate goal of composition is to guide students to write their own lives through their own pens, because life is the source of creation. Every child has a rich and colorful life content, but when writing, the brain is blank and there is no way to talk about it. It can be seen that he encountered difficulties in selecting materials. At this time, the guiding role of teachers is very important. Taking the model essay as an example, on the basis of reading the article, let students turn their eyes from books to life and find their own shadow. It can help students understand life, know themselves and learn to choose materials, thus effectively completing the process of composition from imitation to creation.
In a word, imitation is the beginning of students' writing and the cornerstone of cultivating students' interest in writing, just like copying in calligraphy. As long as it is from easy to difficult, from shallow to deep, step by step, over time, students' reading level and writing ability will be improved simultaneously.