Five Poems on Historic Sites (3)
Du fu in Tang dynasty
Thousands of mountains and valleys are close to Jingmen, and girls grow up here.
She came out of the purple palace and entered the desert. Now she has become a green grave in the yellow dusk.
Her face! Can you imagine the spring wind? Huan Peikong is the soul of jathyapple. (jathyapple's first work: Moonlit Night)
The Tatar song on her jade guitar tells her eternal sadness.
Translation:
Thousands of mountains and valleys are close to Jingmen, and girls grow up here.
Qian Shan has endless valleys, like running to Jingmen, and the mountain village where Wang Zhaojun grew up still exists.
She came out of the purple palace and entered the desert. Now she has become a green grave in the yellow dusk.
From Zitai to the desert beyond the Great Wall, there is only a solitary grave, I don't know where it is, facing dusk.
Her face! Can you imagine the spring wind? Huan Peikong is the soul of jathyapple. (jathyapple's first work: Moonlit Night)
Confused kings only identify Zhaojun's face by drawing pictures, and the Jingling Mountain below is the return of Zhaojun's soul.
The Tatar song on her jade guitar tells her eternal sadness.
Her Huyin pipa has been circulated for thousands of years, and it is clearly sad and angry.
Precautions:
Mountain and Valley (hè) Go to JΟ ng (Jó ng) Gate, the village where the goddess of light was born and raised.
Jingmen: The mountain name is in the northwest of Yidu, Hubei Province. Fei Ming: Wang Zhaojun.
As soon as I arrived at the Lianshuo Desert in Zitai, I left Zhong Qing (zhǒng) until dusk.
Go: Leave. Zitai: Han Palace, Zi Palace and Xing Palace. Lian: Here you are, Tong. Shuomo: the desert in the north. Zhong Qing: It refers to Zhaojun's tomb.
Her face! Can you imagine the spring wind? Huan Peikong is the soul of jathyapple. (jathyapple's first work: Moonlit Night)
Save knowledge: old knowledge. Province: once. Spring breeze: Describe the beauty of Wang Zhaojun.
The Tatar song on her jade guitar tells her eternal sorrow (Leon).
Appreciate:
This is the third poem in a series of "Five Historic Sites", and the poet expresses the meaning in his arms by chanting Zhaojun Village and remembering Wang Zhaojun. The poet felt what happened to Wang Zhaojun. While expressing deep sympathy, he showed Zhao Jun's yearning and resentment for his old country, praised Zhao Jun's spirit of returning home despite his death, and entrusted the poet with his own life experience and patriotic feelings. The whole poem is clear in narrative, prominent in image and profound in meaning.
"Thousands of mountains and valleys are near Jingmen, only girls are in the village". The poem begins with two sentences, pointing out the place where Zhaojun Village is located. According to Tongzhi, "Zhaojun Village is forty miles northeast of Jingzhou Prefecture." Its address is Xiangxi, Zigui County, Hubei Province. When Du Fu wrote this poem, he lived in Baidicheng, Kuizhou. This is the western end of the Three Gorges, with high terrain. He stood at the height of Baidicheng, looking east at Jingmen Mountain outside the East Gate of the Three Gorges and Zhaojun Village nearby. Hundreds of miles away, out of sight, he used his imagination to conceive a magnificent picture of mountains and valleys going to Jingmen Mountain with dangerous rivers. He took this picture as the first sentence of this poem, which is very unusual. There is an epigram in the Three Gorges River written by Du Fu, that is, "More water will prosper the country, and Qutang will fight for a gate" ("Two Poems of the Yangtze River"). He used the word "fight" to highlight the thrills of the Three Gorges water potential. Here, the word "go" highlights the majesty and vividness of the Three Gorges Mountain. This is an interesting contrast. However, the next sentence of the poem falls in a small Zhaojun village, which is quite surprising, thus causing some different comments from the critics. Amin Hu Zhenheng's Du Shitong said: "Wan He is close to Jingmen, and the first sentence is like a hero. It is not cooperation." This means that such a dignified sentence is only suitable for the place where heroes grow up, not for Zhaojun Village, which is not harmonious. Wu Zhantai's "Du Shi Tiyao" is another view. He said, "The abrupt beginning is the first sentence in the Seven Laws, which means that beautiful scenery and beautiful Zhong Ling only produce one princess. This is very beautiful and earth-shattering. " It means that Du Fu wanted to raise Zhao Jun's "gentle and graceful beauty" and write about her "earth-shattering", so he used the majestic atmosphere of mountains and rivers to contrast her. Yang Lun's Du Shi Jing Quan said: "From the perspective of the earth spirit, it is more or less solemn. "It is also close to this meaning.
"She came out of the purple palace and walked into the desert. Now she is a green grave in the yellow dusk." The first two sentences were written by Zhaojun Village, and these two sentences were written by Zhaojun himself. The poet wrote the tragedy of Zhao Jun's life in just two powerful poems. Judging from the conception and wording of these two poems, Du Fu probably borrowed the words from Jiang Yan's "Hate Fu" in the Southern Dynasties: "When Princess Ming went, she looked up at the sky and breathed too much. The purple platform is a little far away and the mountains are infinite. I hope the king is abroad. " However, by careful comparison, the ideological content summarized in these two poems of Du Fu is much richer and more profound than that of Jiang Yan. A Qing poet said in Du Shi Jie Yi: "The word' Lian' is used to write the scenery, and the word' Xiang' is used to write the heart of thinking about Han, and there is a god in the pen." This is very correct. However, there are more than these two words. Readers only look at Zitai and Shuomo in the sentence, and naturally think of Zhaojun who left the Han Palace to marry the Xiongnu and lived a lifetime in an unusual environment in a foreign country. The next sentence, Zhao Jun died and was buried beyond the Great Wall. The poet used two simplest and ready-made words, Qingcheng Mountain and Dusk, which were particularly ingenious. In everyday language, the word dusk refers to time, but here it seems to mainly refer to space. Refers to the evening canopy connected with the boundless desert and covering the fields. It is so big that it seems to swallow everything and digest everything. But there is a unique grave, with long grass, which cannot be swallowed or digested. This poem gives people a feeling that the world is cold and there is hatred in Qingling.
"Her face! Can you imagine the spring wind? Yan Peikong belongs to the soul of jathyapple. " This is followed by the first two sentences, which further describes Zhao Jun's life experience and feelings of home and country. Draw sentences to inherit the third sentence, and ring sentences to inherit the fourth sentence. Because of the fatuity of Emperor Han and Yuan, people in the empresses' palace only look at pictures, and their fate is completely at the mercy of the painter. Saving knowledge means a little knowledge. It is said that Yuan Di knew something about Zhaojun from the pictures, but in fact he knew nothing about Zhaojun, which led to the tragedy that Zhaojun was buried beyond the Great Wall. Pei Huan's sentence is that she misses her old country and will never change. Although the bones remain in the grave, the soul will return to the country where her parents grew up on a moonlit night. Jiang Kui, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, once again enriched and perfected the image of Du Fu's poem in his Yongmei masterpiece Thin Shadow: "Zhao Jun is not used to Hu Shayuan, and has a crush on Jiangnan Jiangbei. I want to come back on a moonlit night and become this flower. " What is written here is that Zhao Jun misses Jiangnan Jiangbei, not the Han Palace in Chang 'an, which is particularly touching. The ghost of Zhaojun, who returned on a moonlit night, has been refined and turned into a fragrant plum blossom, which is even better in imagination.
"The Tatar song on her jade guitar tells her eternal sadness." This is the end of this poem, which points out the theme of Zhao Jun's "resentment" through the pipa tune of Hu Yin for thousands of years. According to Liu Xi's Ming Jie in Han Dynasty, "Pipa was originally played by Hu Zhong immediately. When you push your hand, you say pipa, and when you pull it, you say pipa. " Shi Chong in the Jin Dynasty said in "Preface to a Wise King": "In the past, the princess married Wu Sun and played the pipa immediately to comfort her thoughts on the road. It sent Mingjun to see Philly. " Pipa was originally introduced to China from the Hu people, and it was often played with Hu Yin and Hu Diao's Song of the Great Wall. Later, many people sympathized with Zhao Jun and wrote Pipa songs such as Zhao Jun's Complaints and Wang Mingjun, so Pipa and Zhao Jun were very close in poetry.
It has been repeatedly explained that although Zhao Jun's "resentment" also includes the "resentment" of "hating the emperor and not meeting each other", more importantly, a woman who is far away from her hometown will always miss her hometown, which is the deepest * * * feelings accumulated and consolidated for her hometown and her motherland for thousands of years. As mentioned above, in the first two sentences of this poem, Hu Zhenheng said that the poem "Wanchongling Valley is near Jingmen" can only be used in places where heroes grow up, but it is not appropriate to use it in small villages where Feiming grows up. It is precisely because he only understands Zhaojun from narrow feelings such as lamenting the misfortune of beauty, and does not realize the weight of Zhaojun's resentment. Wu Zhantai realized that Du Fu wanted to make Zhaojun "earth-shattering" and Yang Lun realized Du Fu's solemn attitude, but he did not explain why Zhaojun was "earth-shattering" and why it was worthy of "solemnity". Zhao Jun is a woman, living in Wan Li, and her heart is with her motherland. Her name will remain immortal with her poems and music. The poet wants to write her solemnly with such a magnificent poem as "Thousands of valleys are near Jingmen".
The title of this poem by Du Fu is Ode to Monuments. When he wrote Zhao Jun's resentment, he pinned his feelings for life, family and country. Du Fu was "wandering in the southwest between heaven and earth", far from his hometown, and his situation was similar to that of Zhaojun. Although he is in Kuizhou, the Yanshi area of his hometown Luoyang, which is not as far away from Wan Li as Zhaojun's departure, Luoyang is still an elusive place for him. He lived in Zhaojun's hometown, but borrowed Zhaojun's homesickness image and jathyapple's soul, and entrusted his homesickness.
Li Zide, a Qing, said: "Only Princess Ming was told that there was never a word in the discussion, but the meaning was all-encompassing. Later, these families could no longer contact them. " This comment reveals the most important artistic feature of this poem. From the beginning to the end, we start from the image, and we don't need a semi-abstract discussion. However, Zhao Jun's tragic images of "She has now become a green grave in the dusk" and "Wandering in the moonlight" have left an indelible impression on readers.