Li Mengyang (1472- 1527) was born in Qingyang, Gansu. He Jingming (1483- 152 1) was born in Xinyang, Henan. Politically, they are all figures who dare to fight against the cruel and greedy big noble, big bureaucrats and big eunuchs. Li Mengyang was imprisoned twice for impeaching Zhang Heling, who was a tiger, and conspiring with Han Wen, a senior minister, to get rid of Liu Jin and other eight tigers. He Jingming was also dismissed for writing a letter to Xu Jin, the official department minister, accusing Liu Jin. In literature, they "advocated that literature should be in the Qin and Han Dynasties and poetry should flourish in the Tang Dynasty" and opposed the "Taige style", which had a great influence for a while. They let people know that in addition to "Taige Style" and stereotyped writing, there are also traditional excellent ancient literature. They advocate reading ancient books, increase their knowledge and broaden their horizons, which has played a positive role in cracking down on the \ "taige style \" and \ "monotonous repetition \" and eliminating the bad influence of stereotyped writing. However, they abandoned the established tradition of literary development since the Tang and Song Dynasties and embarked on the road of blindly respecting the ancient times. Their creations blindly imitate plagiarism and become soulless fake antiques. Later, He Jingming thought that imitating the ancient people's "different languages with the same law" and criticized Li Mengyang's poems: "Poetry is for the masses, not pushing extreme changes, but not developing, and its imitations are lost, so that it can become a saint, only telling its past, modifying it into words, and slightly deviating from old books is self-defeating. If a child leans on things, he must be a servant. Li Mengyang also expressed regret, saying, "Yu Zhi's poems are not true. The Prince (Shu Wu) said that scholars talk a lot, but they have little feelings. \ "(Preface to Poems of Li Mengyang). It can be seen that they themselves have to admit that this is a wrong road.
But after all, they care about reality, so they also wrote some works of practical significance. Li Mengyang and He Jingming both wrote The Palace Map of Xuan Ming, which exposed the sin of Liu Jin's extravagance and waste. Another example is Li Mengyang's Hope in Autumn:
The Yellow River flows around the Han side wall, and there are several rows of autumn geese on the river. The guest chased wild horses over the city, and the general shot Sirius with an arrow. The ship passed the long ancient ferry crossing the dust, and the soldiers were forced to sit on it. The moon is high in the sky, which makes the battlefield sad. It is said that the North is brave and resourceful, but only now who knows Guo Fenyang.
Bold and imposing, he can get rid of the simulation a little and express his patriotic feelings directly.
During the reign of Jiajing Wanli, foreign invasion became more serious, social contradictions became more complicated and sharpened, and the rule of Ming Dynasty became increasingly corrupt. In literature, the "last seven scholars" represented by Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen once again launched the retro movement, repeating the mistakes of the "first seven scholars".
Li Panlong (15 14- 1570) was born in Licheng, Shandong. Wang Shizhen (1528- 1590) is a native of Taicang, Jiangsu. Together with Zong Chen, Liang Youyu, Xu Zhonghang and Wu, they are called "the last seven sons". Li Panlong said that prose is Xijing, poetry is Tianbao, and there is no sufficient opinion. In this dynasty, Li Mengyang was pushed down by one person, and all scholars reconciled. If it's not true, it's called Song Studies (Biography of Li Panlong in Ming Dynasty). His poetry and prose can also imitate plagiarism. Poetry, such as "Ancient Yuefu", is simulated by chapters and sentences, just like "copying posts" written by people. However, there are also some desirable works to simulate the prosperous Tang Dynasty. For example, the second of the four songs "The Peak of Mount Tai is in Autumn":
I really want to explore Bai Di Palace. Who is the winner of Sanfeng on this day? The black dragon half hangs Qin Chuan rain, and the stone Ma Si Hanyuan wind. The Central Plains is wide open, the autumn scenery is exhausted, and the sky in Wan Li is dusk. Throughout his life, he suddenly saw the meaning of people, and Jung knew the power of nature.
Poetry is open-minded, lyrical, bold and implicit, which can show a novel look. The text swallowed up the three generations of the Han Dynasty, and "there is no word after the Han Dynasty, and there is no word before the Han Dynasty". After Li Panlong's death, Wang Shizhen dominated the literary world for 20 years, with even greater momentum. "At that time, the literati and poets were all full of emotion surge, and they all rushed to the door to admire, and their voices suddenly became louder. \ "(Biography of Wang Shizhen in Ming Dynasty), there are so-called \" first five sons \ ",\" last five sons \ "and \" Guangfive sons \ ". He advocated that "literature must be in the Western Han Dynasty, poetry must flourish in the Tang Dynasty, and you should not study after the Dali period". This argument is exactly the same as that of Li Panlong. He believes that "the literary essence of Xijing is weak, while the literary essence of Tokyo is not divorced from reality." The literary tour of the Six Dynasties was divorced from reality. Tang Yong is still alive. Song is crude oil, but it has gone from floating to falling. There was no text in the Yuan Dynasty "(Bayan in the Art Garden). For poetry, the older the better, the worse each generation. His poems, from The Book of Songs to Yuefu, and then to Du Li's poems in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties, are all imitative and tedious. However, he often writes current affairs with archaic words, which is slightly more lively than Li Panlong's works. His Yue Fu Bian is more like the "real proposition" of Du Like's Fu. Such as "Zhou Jun Bian", has certain significance to expose the dissoluteness and cruelty of the aristocratic captaincy. However, he never forgot the simulation, and a large number of cliches inevitably drowned their true content. Wang Shizhen is knowledgeable and rich in books. "Since Yang Meng spoke, scholars copied Ban Ma Du Li; Since the Collection of Shizhen, scholars have plagiarized Shizhen (the abstract of Siku). The bad influence of his old saying is great. Xie Zhen (1495- 1575), a native of Linqing, Shandong Province, was the representative of the "last seven sons" in the early days and was abandoned by Li Panlong. He believes that "literature changes with the times" and "it is interested in ancient times, not ancient times". Theoretically, it seems that he does not advocate learning from the ancients, but wants to establish his own family through learning from the ancients. What he admired and studied was Du Li and other fourteen schools in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. "Selected as a good author of his anthology, recorded as a poem, read it well to seize the air, sing it as a tune, and think about it as a fine one. "With these three essentials, you are confused. You don't have to carve immortals, just draw Shaoling. "If you can go in and out of fourteen families, so that people don't know who they belong to, then fourteen families will add another one" ("Four Poets"). He does not advocate learning from the past blindly, but using the creative experience of various schools in the prosperous Tang Dynasty for reference to create his own poems, which is better than Li and He. But he forgot the "world", that is, the decisive role of real life in poetry creation, and only emphasized the study of various schools of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty from the perspective of style and rhythm. I didn't know they were also the products of "world changes", so they are still an archaic or formalistic theory. Zong Chen (a native of Xinghua, Yangzhou) is not famous in Seven Sons. His "Zhang Shu of Liu Yi" describes the ugly behavior of shameless literati rushing to the "gate of power" and exposes the domination of the city by big bureaucrats, big eunuchs, big noble and other ruling groups. It has profound practical significance and has no intention of imitating the past, but it has been passed down to this day.