In the spring and autumn period, there was a beautiful woman named. Her beauty is almost to the point of falling in love with everything in this country. Whether it is her posture, her movements or her smile, it is lovable. Wearing light makeup and simple clothes. Everywhere she goes, many people "stare at her", and no one can but marvel at her beauty.
Shi suffers from heartburn. One day, her illness broke out again. She put her hand over her chest and frowned, revealing a charming female beauty. When she walked through the countryside, all the villagers opened their eyes.
There is an ugly girl named Dong Shi in the country. She is not only ugly, but also uneducated. She usually acts rudely and speaks loudly, but she dreams of becoming a beautiful woman all the time. Today she wears such clothes and combs her hair like that tomorrow, but still no one says she is beautiful.
On this day, she saw the stone frowning on her chest and won the favor of so many people, so when she went back, she also learned to look like a stone, frowning on her chest and walking around the village. I didn't expect the ugly girl's affectation to make her already ugly look even uglier. As a result, the rich people in the countryside saw the ugly girl's strange appearance and immediately closed the door tightly; The poor people in the countryside saw the ugly girl coming and immediately took away their wives and children. People saw this grotesque ugly woman walking around the village, imitating Shi's heartache, just like seeing the god of plague.
This ugly woman only knows that Shi's frown is beautiful, but she doesn't know why she is beautiful, so she simply imitates her.
The appearance, the result was laughed at. It seems foolish to imitate others blindly.
2. Love me, love my dog
According to legend, Shang Zhouwang, the last emperor of Shang Dynasty, was a luxurious, cruel and heartless bad king. Jichang, the Xibe nationality, later Zhou Wenwang, tried every means to escape from prison because he opposed the imprisonment of Zhou Wang. At that time, the capital of Zhou was Qishan (now Qishan County, Shaanxi Province). After returning to Qishan, Zhou Wenwang was determined to overthrow the rule of Shang Dynasty. First, he hired Jiang Shang (Jiang Taigong), a military strategist, to actively train and prepare for war, and then he annexed several small vassal states around him, and his power gradually became stronger. Then, the capital moved to Fengyi (now near Huxian County, Shaanxi Province) and prepared to move eastward. However, Zhou Wenwang died shortly after moving the capital.
Zhou Wenwang's son Ji Fa succeeded to the throne, namely Zhou Wuwang. Jiang Taigong continues to be a strategist. King Wu's half-brother Ji Dan (Duke Zhou) and his half-brother Ji Shi (Zhao Gong) are two right-hand men. At the same time, King Wu won the support of several other governors. So, it was officially announced that it would send troops to attack Zhou. The army crossed the Yellow River in Jin Meng (now the South Yellow River Ferry in Mengxian County, Henan Province), pushed northeast, and approached Song Chao in Shang Dynasty (now the northeast of Qixian County, Henan Province). Because Shang Zhouwang had lost all his heart, and the army didn't want to die for him, so he ran away and fell down, and the uprising was soon conquered. Zhou Wang committed suicide, and the Shang Dynasty was over. In the next 800 years, it became the world of Zhou Dynasty, known as the Zhou Dynasty in history.
At the beginning of Zhou Wuwang's conquest of Chao Ge, King Wu was worried about how to deal with the nobles and officials left over from Shang Dynasty and whether he could stabilize the situation. To this end, he held consultations with Jiang Taigong and others. There is such a written record in Shuo Yuan Gui Fa compiled by Liu Xiang in Han Dynasty:
"Yin Ke, the king of Wu, summoned Taigong and asked,' What about the Naiqi people?' Taigong said to him:' I love his people, and I also love black houses; People who hate others hate others. What if xianliu lost his enemy and made it more than enough?' "
Zhou Wuwang defeated Yin Shang, summoned Jiang Taigong and asked, "What about their personnel?" Taigong replied, "I heard that if you love that person, you will also love his crow;" If you hate that man, get rid of his servants and servants. What do you think of killing all the enemies and leaving none? " The so-called "Seo Woo" in the original text refers to petty officials with the lowest status, slave owners and nobles' butlers, and so on. (Yu, Wei, etc. ; Xu; Small officials. )
There are similar records in the biography of Shangshu compiled by Fu Sheng in Han Dynasty:
"Zhou died, featuring panic if the world is undecided. Calling the squire, he asked,' What about going into the Yin?' Taigong said:' I heard it; The person you love is also a black house; He doesn't love others, and his spare time. "
This record is similar to that contained in Shuo Yuan. However, the word "Seo Woo" is written as "Yu Xu", which means different things. "Yu Xu" no longer belongs to the level of professional history, but a slave or criminal lower than "Seo Woo", such as "Taishi" Ji Zi, who was imprisoned because of dissatisfaction, so he pretended to be crazy and was willing to be a slave, so Zhuangzi called him "Yu Xu".
In addition, The Biography of Six Pagodas of Han Poetry and other records about the above conversation are basically the same. Because of this legend, the idiom "love me, love my dog" came into being.
China has had a superstitious custom since ancient times, thinking that crows are "ominous birds", and whoever lands on its house will suffer misfortune. In the Xiaoya section of The Book of Songs, the oldest collection of poems in China, there is a poem entitled The First Month, which contains "Whose home is this?" It can be seen that the ancients hated crows, but few people loved them. The so-called "love me, love my dog" is because I love that person, and even his crows don't think it's ominous and annoying. This idiom has always been used as a metaphor for pushing love. Because you love a person deeply, you love his relatives, friends and other people or other things. This is called "love me, love my dog" or "love me, love my dog".
Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "Give Li Shehong" (Shehong, a place name, in present-day Sichuan; In Li's poem, the first two sentences are: "A husband has a place to live, and his hobby is good." There is a sentence in Song Dynasty's Poem of Lianxi written by Zhou Dunyi: "Angry crabs in the water, love my house and my dog". In the poem "Boyi" written in the Song Dynasty, there is also a saying that "when it is clear, I look at the birds in front of the door and people look at your family." They all use the idiom "Love me, love my dog."
As safe as Mount Tai
This idiom comes from Mei Cheng's "Writing to the King of Wu" in the Western Han Dynasty, and the words of loyal ministers will be pleasing to the eye. Do whatever you want, it is dangerous to accumulate eggs and it is difficult to get through; Follow one's inclinations, easily flip one's hands, and be content with Mount Tai.
Mei Cheng, Zi Shu, a native of Huaiyin (now Jiangsu) in the Western Han Dynasty, was a famous writer in the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty was Emperor Jing, he worked as a doctor in Liu Bi's mansion.
Guo Guan was a big country among the governors at that time, and Liu Bi, the prince of Wu, was ambitious, held a grudge against the central government and secretly planned a rebellion. Han Jing appointed Chao Cuo, a brilliant politician, as an ancient counselor, while Chao Cuo advocated reducing the territory of vassal states, strengthening the power and prestige of the central authorities and consolidating national unity. Seeing some vassals cede territory, Liu Bi knew that she was inevitable, so she contacted the vassals of Chu, Zhao, Jiaoxi, Jiaodong and other countries to plot rebellion.
Mei Cheng clearly saw the evil of Liu Bi's conspiracy to rebel and wrote a letter to the king of Wu to remonstrate with Liu Bi. In "exhortation", he said: "If we can listen to the words of loyal ministers, all disasters can be avoided. If you must do what you want to do, it is more dangerous than folding eggs and more difficult than heaven; However, if you can change your original idea as soon as possible, it will be much easier than tumbling, and it will also make your position as stable as Mount Tai. "
However, Liu Bi was stubborn and stepped up her conspiracy activities. Therefore, Mei Cheng had to leave the State of Wu and visit Liuwufu in Liang Xiaowang.
In BC 154, Liu Bi contacted the governors of Chu, Zhao, Jiaoxi and Jiaodong and rebelled in the name of "killing Chao Cuo on the side of Qing Dynasty". Historically, it was called "the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms with Wu and Chu".
Han Jing listened to the slanderers, killed Chao Cuo and apologized to the vassals. At this time, Mei Cheng wrote a letter to the king of Wu, urging Liu Bi to stop fighting. Liu Bi still refused to look back. Soon, Zhou Yafu, a general of the Han Dynasty, led the army to defeat the rebels in Wu Chu. Liu E, the king of Chu, committed suicide, and Liu Bi, the king of Wu, fled to East Vietnam and was killed. Five other kings also committed suicide or were killed. The rebellion was a complete failure in only three months.
After the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms was pacified, Mei Cheng became famous for his foresight in Letter to the King of Wu.
Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne and sent someone to recruit him to be an official in Beijing. Unfortunately, he died on the road before he got to Beijing.
persevere
Qiao Xuan, an official of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was dignified and detested evil. On one occasion, a group of robbers tied up his 10-year-old son and brought him into his house, demanding that Qiao Xuan, who was sick, immediately take money to redeem him, which was angered by George. Soon, the officers and men surrounded the Qiao family, afraid that the robbers would kill George's son and did not dare to do it. At this time, Qiao Xuan shouted angrily: "Can I let these bad guys go because of my son's life?" Urge the officers and men to start work quickly. As a result, Qiao Xuan's son was killed by a robber. People praised Qiao Xuan as "indomitable" and always kept moral integrity.
Teach fish to swim.
This is a poem named Li Bais Tomb written by Mei Zhihuan in Ming Dynasty. Li Bai, whose word is too white, likes drinking, and is called Li Chenxian, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. There are all kinds of myths and legends about his death. For example, some people say that Li Bai visited Dongting, Yueyang and Jinling (now Nanjing) in his later years. One day, boating quarried by the river (quarrying, in today's dangtu county, Anhui Province, bordering the Yangtze River in the north). At night, the moon was bright as day, and Li Bai was drunk on the boat. When he saw the shadow of the moon in the water, he bent down to catch it and fell into the river. Some legends are even more magical. It is said that at this moment, there was a sudden storm on the river, and a giant whale and two fairies appeared, tinkling in their hands, asking Li Bai to sit on the whale's back, led by music, and flew away. Of course, these legends can't be believed, but in quarrying, many places of interest appeared later. There are not only Li Bais Tomb, but also the Fairy Tower and the Moon-catching Pavilion, which have aroused the interest of countless tourists. It's ridiculous that some tourists who want to pretend to be elegant even make up questions in Li Bais Tomb. Mei Zhihuan's poems satirize such tourists. He thinks that scribbling crooked poems on the grave of a great poet is simply "making a big axe in front of Lu Ban"-too careless.
It is said that Lu Ban, who has lost his surname, was a native of Lu during the Warring States period, also known as Lu. He is an expert in making precision instruments, and people call him an "able man". People always think that he is the ancestor of carpenters. Who dares to show off his axe skills in front of Lu Ban? In other words, trying to show your skills in front of experts is a ridiculous act of being too modest, which is called "playing axe in front of Lu Ban" or "playing axe in front of the door". It is similar to the saying that "playing a big knife in front of Guan Gong".
Liu Zongyuan, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, said in the preface to "Singing a Peace Poem for the Match of the King": "When you get to the door of the class, you will be strong." (it should refer to another ancient axe hand. See "Axis Correction". "Strong face" means having a thick face. It seems that the idiom "teach others to teach axes" was not only born out of the above poem of Mei Zhihuan in the Ming Dynasty, but its embryonic form existed as early as the Tang Dynasty.
This idiom is sometimes used as a self-deprecating word to show that you dare not show your skills in front of experts.
6. Carry firewood to put out the fire
At the end of the Warring States Period, Qin launched a series of large-scale attacks on Wei, which was unable to resist, and a large area of land was occupied by Qin Jun. By 273 BC, Qin sent troops to Wei again, with unprecedented momentum.
Wang Wei called the ministers and asked them sadly, is there any way to make Qin withdraw? After years of war, ministers are terrified at the mention of war, and no one dares to mention the word "resistance". At this critical moment in Enemy at the Gates, most ministers advised Wang Wei to make peace with the king of Qin at the expense of a large area of land north of the Yellow River and south of Taihang Mountain.
Hearing these words, counselor Su Dai strongly disapproved. He quickly stepped forward and said to Wang Wei, "Your Majesty, they sent you because they were afraid of death, so they asked you to betray your country and make peace, without thinking about the country at all. Think about it. Although ceding a large area of land to the State of Qin temporarily satisfied the ambition of the King of Qin, the desire of the State of Qin is endless. As long as Wei's land is not cut, it will not stop attacking us. "
Speaking of which, Su Dai told a story: Once upon a time, a man's house caught fire. He was advised to use water to put out the fire quickly, but he wouldn't listen. He picked up a bundle of firewood to put out the fire because he didn't understand that firewood couldn't put out the fire, so he could only add fuel to the fire. If the king agrees to make peace with the land of Wei, doesn't it mean taking firewood to put out the fire? "
Although eloquent and timid, Wang Wei only cared about the immediate peace, but according to the opinions of his ministers, he ceded a large area of land from Wei to Qin. In 225 AD, he attacked Wei again, surrounded the capital girder, dug up the Yellow River levee and flooded the girder city. Wei was finally destroyed by Qin.
7.2029 Planet Women's Prison
This story comes from Historical Records Wei Shi Jia. The idiom "pick firewood to put out the fire" means that evil is eliminated in the wrong way, but it is enlarged as a result.
This idiom comes from Historical Records. Biography of Hou Huaiyin. Faith is to let 10,000 people go first, go out and learn from the past. ... this army is fighting to the death and cannot be defeated.
Han Xin was born in Huaiyin (now southwest of Qingjiang River in Jiangsu Province). He is a general under Hanwang Liu Bang. In order to defeat Xiang Yu and seize the world, he made a plan for Liu Bang, first capturing Guanzhong, then crossing the Yellow River eastward, defeating and capturing Wei who betrayed Liu Bang and surrendered to Xiang Yu, and then eastward attacking Zhao Wangxie.
Han Xin's troops will pass through a narrow mountain pass called Jingxingkou. Li Zuojun, the counselor of the Prince of Zhao, advocated sending troops to cut corners while blocking the mouth of Jingxing to cut off the supplies of the Han army. Without backup, Han Xin's expeditionary force will surely fail. But General Chen Yu refused to listen, relying on his military superiority, and insisted on fighting the Han army head-on.
Han Xin was very happy when he learned that. He ordered the troops to camp 30 miles away from Jingxing, and in the middle of the night, let the soldiers have some snacks and let them eat after winning the battle. Later, he sent 2,000 Qingqi to sneak forward from the path and let them rush into Zhao's camp quickly after Zhao left the camp and hang the Han flag. Another 10,000 soldiers were sent to deliberately turn their backs on the river to lure Zhao.
At dawn, Han Xin led the army to attack, and the two sides fought fiercely. Soon, the Han army defeated the backwater position for a pretence, and all Zhao troops left the camp and came to pursue. At this time, Han Xin ordered the main attack, and the soldiers who had no retreat turned around and pounced on the enemy. Zhao can't win and is going back to camp. Suddenly, the flag of the Han army was planted in the camp, and he fled everywhere. The Han army pursued the victory and won a total victory.
When celebrating the victory, the generals asked Han Xin, "According to the art of war, this array can carry mountains on its back and face the water. Now you've asked us to line up in last stand, and you've said that you're going to give Zhao a full meal. We didn't believe it at the time, but we really won. What kind of strategy is this? "
Han Xin smiled and said, "This is something in the art of war, but you didn't notice it. Didn't Sun Tzu's Art of War say,' You will be born when you are trapped, and then you will live'? If there is a retreat, the soldiers have fled, how can they be desperate! "
This story evolved from the idiom "the last battle", which is mostly used in military actions and can also be used in actions with the nature of "decisive battle".
8. Not in the same breath
This idiom comes from the Warring States Policy. Zhao Ce er a cry ". The husband broke people and broke people, and the minister and the minister were also on the same day.
In the middle and late Warring States, wars between vassal states continued, which led to the political activities of "alliance" and "Lian Heng". The weak countries jointly attack the powerful countries, which is called "alliance", and follow the powerful countries to attack other weak countries, which is called "Lian Heng". At that time, there was a strategist named Su Qin. He first went to the state of Qin to lobby King Hui of Qin, but the result was unsuccessful. So he went to Zhao to lobby again. Zhao didn't have the prime minister Qin, and he didn't succeed. Later, I came to Yan State and got some funding. Then he came to Zhao for the second time. This time, Zhao's monarch Zhao Suhou personally received him.
He analyzed the relationship between Zhao and other countries to Zhao Suhou: "If Zhao is an enemy of Qi and Qin, then the people will not have peace;" If the State of Qi attacked the State of Qin, the people would still be restless. Now, if the King of Qi and the State of Qin are reconciled, then the State of Qin must use this advantage to weaken South Korea and Wei; If you are friendly with Qi, then Qi will definitely use this advantage to weaken Chu and Wei. Cutting land when Wei and Han were weak would also weaken Chu. In this way, the king will be isolated. "
Zhao Suhou is young, and when he saw Su Qin speak clearly, he kept nodding. Then, Su Qin analyzed the strength and situation of Zhao: "In fact, no country established in Shandong is stronger than Zhao. Zhao has a territory of 2,000 Li, hundreds of thousands of troops, 1,000 chariots and 10,000 war horses, and food can be used for several years. There are mountains in the west, water in the south, mountains in the east and weak Yan state in the north, which is not worth being afraid of. Now Qin hates Zhao most of all countries, but why doesn't it dare to attack Zhao? I was afraid that Han and Wei would plot against me behind my back. In this case, Han and Wei can be regarded as the barriers for Zhao to go south. But if Qin attacks Korea and Wei, it will be very convenient, and they will inevitably submit to Qin. If Qin dispelled the doubts of Han and Wei about their plot, the disaster of war would inevitably befall Zhao. This is also the reason why I am worried about the king. "
Zhao Suhou was so frightened that he was in a hurry to ask Su Qin what to do. So Su Qin said, "I checked the map of the world privately, and found that the combined land of the vassal states is five times that of the Qin State, and it is estimated that the number of soldiers in the vassal states is ten times that of the Qin State. If the six countries form a whole, Qi Xin will attack the State of Qin to the west, and it will certainly be defeated. Now, on the contrary, I serve Qin in the west and submit to Qin. How can we talk about defeating others and being defeated by others, so that others can surrender to themselves and others? "
Then, Su Qin talked about some specific methods and strategies on how to integrate. Zhao Suhou said, "I'm still young, and I haven't been on the throne for a long time. I have never heard of any strategy to keep the country stable for a long time. Since you are interested in making the world survive and the vassal countries peace, I am willing to pour out my country sincerely. "
So, Sue was given a lot of rewards to persuade vassal states to join the vertical alliance.
9. Hundreds of rivers return to the sea from different sources, and risks return to the sea.
Story Liu An, a thinker and writer in the Western Han Dynasty, was the grandson of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, and was named King of Huainan with his father. He likes reading and playing drums, and he has a quick mind. He once called thousands of soldiers and people who knew astronomy, medicine, calendars and divination, and collectively compiled a book with hundreds of thousands of words, Lie Hong, which was also called Xunji in Huai Nan Zi and Huai Nan Zi, and talked about the development of human society. Its basic viewpoint accords with historical materialism. The article writes: Our ancestors lived in caves, near the water, dressed badly and lived a very hard life. Later, saints came out and led people to build palaces; Only in this way can people come out of caves and live in houses that can avoid wind and rain, cold and heat. Saints also taught people to make farm tools and weapons for farming and killing wild animals, which made people's lives more secure than in the past. Later, saints made fun of rituals and made various rules, which made people have manners and constraints. It can be seen that society is constantly developing, and people don't always live in one way. Therefore, if the ancient system is no longer suitable for use, it should be abolished, but for now, if it is suitable for use, it should be carried forward. All of the above shows that, just like thousands of rivers from different sources, they all finally flow into the sea. Everyone does different things, but they are all for better governance and better life.
10. Safe and sound In 266 BC, Zhao Huiwen, the monarch of Zhao State, died, and his son Taizi Dan was succeeded by Zhao Chengxiao. Being young, his mother Zhao is in charge of handling state affairs. Zhao is a wise and knowledgeable middle-aged woman. When she was just in charge of state affairs, Qin stepped up her attack on Zhao. Zhao was in danger and asked Qi for help. Qi asked Zhao to send her youngest son to Qi as a hostage before sending troops. Zhao was reluctant to leave his youngest son, but after listening to the minister's advice, he often sent to Qi. Qi sent troops to help Zhao beat back Qin Jun.
On one occasion, the King of Qi sent messengers to Zhao with letters to greet him. Wei Hou asked the messenger before opening the letter. "Qi's harvest is not bad, is it? Are people safe? Is the King of Qi healthy? "
The envoy of the State of Qi was very unhappy and said, "I was sent by the King of Qi to greet you. Now, don't ask the king of Qi, ask the harvest and the people first. Can you put the humble in front and the noble in the back? "
Wei Hou smiled and said, "No.. If there is no harvest, how can anyone? If there is no people, how can there be a monarch? Can you give up the basics and just ask the questions on the side when you say hello? "
Hearing this, the emissary of Qi was speechless for a moment.
This allusion to "innocence" later evolved into an idiom, "innocence"