Teaching plan of Hanjiazhai, a senior two text 1 [teaching purpose]
First of all, make clear the structure level of the article and summarize the content of the level.
Second, guide students to understand and think about the meaning of life and establish a positive outlook on life on the basis of deeply understanding the content of the article and initially feeling its solemn, serious and cold language style.
[Teaching Emphasis and Difficulties]
First of all, analyze the levels of the text and the specific content of each level.
Second, guide students to fully explore and understand the significance of the spirit of "persistence" in the article to life, and explore the rich implication of the works, so as to further feel the spiritual charm of Zhang Chengzhi's prose.
Before class: check the preview and dredge the new words.
Wrinkle (zhé), wrinkle exposure (pù), ankle sunburn (huái), dizziness (yùn)(xuán).
Looking down (kàn), chewing (j incarnation), jué, incandescence (chi).
Liuhe: refers to the four directions of up and down, east and west, north and south, and generally refers to the world or the universe.
Standing: Standing for a long time. Party: Party.
Pride: high. Rugged: describes steep and overlapping rocks.
Looking down: looking down, looking down from a height. Absolutely: very determined.
[Teaching process]
First, import:
The poem Inland Gao Jiong is in its prime.
The inland terrain is high and prosperous.
Inland. Vertical graphics. In Heyuan.
Who will share the golden dusk with me and then retreat into the moonstone together?
Lonely inland high, quiet and empty Evergrande
In this way, all possible feelings will deliquesce and lose their elasticity from the beginning.
And always small.
Lonely inland.
Silent fire obsidian.
Silent collapse.
An unkempt traveler was driving west on a wide highway. A blackened aluminum rice cooker was buckled upside down in his backpack with a stick as a crutch across his waist. His sideburns stood on end. As white as rabbit hair and as moldy. His neck bends forward like a yoke. His wide pupils seem to be breathing because of suffocation. I have a hunch that his hunger is also my hunger. My intuition is a part of his body. It used to be a part of me. The reason that makes him depressed is also the reason that makes me depressed, but the happiness I feel is not necessarily his happiness.
What is getting heavier and heavier is only the loneliness of the soul.
Who will share the golden dusk with me and then retreat into the moonstone together?
An unkempt traveler crossed the quiet inland with his bag on his back.
There is no village. There is no ridge. See the wall.
The mountains in the distance are as rough as tarpaulins stretched on the skeletons of giant animals.
The swamp spread like bright green frog skin.
A challenging traveler walks on God's sand table.
river source
A group of travelers stood there, looking up at the sky with wine bottles in their hands, and then
Gaojiao threw the empty bottle into the road.
A quasi-religious ceremony.
Debris on the ground moved the man like fish scales.
Floating inland.
1988. 12. 12
Second, read the full text and clear your mind.
The first part: Approaching Hanjiazhai, what I saw, heard and felt along the way. Highlight the harsh geographical environment.
The second part: What you see and think when you walk into Hanjiazhai reflects the wordless persistence of all ages.
The third part, the reflection after leaving Hanjiazhai brings the oscillation of the soul.
Third, specific appreciation.
Part I: Approaching Hanjiazhai
What you can see: iron-colored Gobi rocks, red stones, scorched earth, hot and arid barren land.
Smell: monotonous horse hooves.
Feeling: "I feel so small that even sadness is in vain."
Function: to convey a desolate, empty, barren, vast, generous and sad mood to readers. Highlight the harsh living environment of Hanjiazhai.
Summary: peaceful silence, terror, desolation and loss.
Part II: Entering Hanjiazhai
See:
Scenery: A few mud houses (vast land, sparsely populated and poor), huge and empty Gobi desert (sinister and desolate).
Character: The old man and the little girl stared at me like Hanfu.
The old man "slightly shook his head"
The girl stared at me without blinking, wearing a broken red cotton-padded jacket.
Thinking: Hanjiazhai is the place where the Han people have persisted for 1000 years. When people are desperate, they will find a way to survive.
Summary: cruel, desolate, mysterious, lonely and persistent.
1, how to understand the meaning of these two words in the article?
The article does not deliberately depict two characters, but shows a silent persistent spirit of the Han nationality through people of these two different times. In such a harsh environment, we silently continue the cause of our predecessors, and stick to the land of our ancestors with a persistence to compete with the environment and never give up, and pass it on from generation to generation. This spirit is deliberately eulogized by the author.
The third part, leaving Hanjiazhai
"For thousands of years, people have endured many hardships in order to survive ... I just vaguely feel people's persistence and feel that persistence is as desolate and vast as this landscape."
"From that day on, no matter where I went, I was unconsciously grasping something."
Summary: regret, disappointment, memory, persistence.
1, the author said, "I fought back my agitation." Think according to the meaning of the text. What makes the author "stir in my heart"?
In this cruel Jedi, people in Hanjiazhai have been sticking to it since their ancestors moved here. They are firmly opposed to the terrible nature and abandoned loneliness. This firm belief and character stirred the author's heart.
Fourth, taste appreciation.
1. What do people in Hanjiazhai stick to?
Stick to a tradition, stick to the land left by ancestors to future generations, stick to survival, and stick to ideals.
2. How likely is it that the author should "stick to it"?
Persistence is an indomitable vitality, a primitive and simple spirit and emotion derived from a bleak situation.
Five, Zhang Chengzhi prose on the theme of "stick to" type (interspersed)
(1) Introduction to the author
Zhang Chengzhi, 1948, from Beijing. Originally from Jinan City, Shandong Province. Hui nationality. He has worked in China History Museum, Institute of Ethnic Studies of China Academy of Social Sciences, Naval Workshop, Aichi University, etc. Now he is a freelance writer. In the 1980s and 1990s, it was famous for its "idealistic temperament". His representative works include the novels River in the North, Golden Ranch, and History of the Soul. Short stories such as Snow Road, Peak and Beautiful Moment.
Among them, The History of Mind published by 199 1 describes the course of people's philosophical tolerance in northwest China, and some critics think it is a rare "banner to seek spiritual value and challenge the secular" in contemporary literary circles.
Zhang Chengzhi has an independent, bold, solemn, profound and warm aesthetic character. Zhang Chengzhi expressed his spiritual philosophy in a monologue, defended a sacred value with a confident and firm attitude, and created "beautiful words" in a complex form integrating poetry, music, painting, history and philosophy. His new words and new ideas are burning and shocking, showing the original charm of China's contemporary literature.
What Zhang Chengzhi really praises is not only the unique artistic charm of his novels, but also a powerful spiritual force, which shows a strong sense of life, a pioneering spirit of continuous progress and a strong national character. It is a banner flying high in the 1980s.
(2) On the theme of "persistence"
Whether it's River in the North, The Road to a Lonely Hero, or History of the Soul, Zhang Chengzhi's articles almost all reveal a strikingly similar genre theme: they use thick and eye-catching lines to show people's perseverance almost coldly.
Zhang Chengzhi publicized his absolute belief and exaggerated his feelings in an irrational way. In his opinion, having faith is better than not having faith.
Sixth, in-depth exploration
Just as people have personality traits, what kind of "personality traits" does Hanjiazhai have?
First, its "age" is long.
The Han people set up fields, the Tang people set up counties, and the Song people called the village a village.
The second is mystery.
How they survive, what they grow and what they eat are still a mystery.
The third is tenacity and persistence.
Keep one's own characteristics without assimilation. Originated from the recognition of this nation, this tradition has been subverted and changed without the passage of time.
The fourth is conservative and closed.
This is the opposite of persistence. It is far away from the noise and the pace of the times. Until it entered the modern society, it still lived in simplicity.
Seven, writing characteristics
1, a unique language.
The gloomy and dignified language brings a desolate atmosphere to the article. The author uses a series of strange metaphors to describe his novel feelings about the unique landform at the foot of Tianshan Mountain, such as: "The wind erosion trace is as clear as a knife"; "The southern foot of Tianshan Mountain is a charred skin of the earth"; "A dry mountain without vegetation is like a pile of iron slag"; "Between the three bare mountains, there are three huge streams of black Gobi"; "Hanjiazhai is like a discarded chess piece, like a rusty projectile"; "All three directions are like terrible hints", and so on.
2. Change the staggered space-time structure.
Garcia. The first sentence of Marquez's "One Hundred Years of Solitude" started a special space-time structure: "After many years, Colonel Aureliano will definitely remember the distant afternoon when his father took him to visit the ice rink." The flashback technique of recalling the past from the perspective of the future includes three time levels: the future, the past and the present, while the writer is obviously hidden in the narrative angle of the present.
This paper uses this structure in two places. The eighth paragraph: "I will remember and chew this place all my life, and I will never forget it." The second paragraph: "No matter where I went later, ... I was helpless." Paragraph 28: "After many years, I always felt that it was my daughter's eyes."
3. Deep reflection on national culture.
From the existence of Hanjiazhai and the existence of Hanjiazhai people for thousands of years, the author "vaguely felt people's persistence" and began a profound reflection on national culture from this persistence: that is, the spirit of persistence is completely in line with Hanjiazhai, Han nationality and national spirit.
4. Expression of emotion in the scene.
From approaching Hanjiazhai gradually to touching Hanjiazhai at zero distance, the author saw the land from prosperity to desolation, wrote desolate scenes and expressed lonely feelings. Then I drifted away from Hanjiazhai, but I will never forget Hanjiazhai. Say goodbye to the bleak and grim scenery of Hanjiazhai, but deeply taste the spirit of Hanjiazhai people. From beginning to end, the author condensed the brush strokes in the description of Hanjiazhai, and the expression of feelings was contained in it, which was a quiet expression.
Eight, subject development
Talk about your views on persistence in combination with reality.
Some people persist in poverty in material desires, elegance in vulgarity, ideals in loneliness, honesty in intrigue, and "waking up alone" in "everyone is drunk" ...
The Knowledge Goal of Teaching Plan 2 of Hanjiazhai in Senior Two;
1. Taste the language and appreciate the desolation and silence of the scenery.
2. Grasp the meaning of the text.
3. Understand the meaning of "persistence" in the text.
Ability goal:
1. Train students' oral expression ability and the ability to capture important information of the text.
2. Cultivate students' ability to appreciate emotions.
Emotional goals:
Understand the "persistence" spirit praised by the author.
Moral education goal:
Infiltrate the humanistic spirit, think about the meaning of "persistence" and establish a positive outlook on life.
Teaching focus:
Explore the connotation of "persistence" in the text.
Teaching difficulties:
One of the difficulties: the understanding of Hanjiazhai people's "persistence" in the desolation.
The second difficulty: the understanding of the author's persistence.
The teaching hours are designed as 1 class hour.
Teaching aid preparation: self-made courseware (multimedia teaching)
Homework before class: 1. Get to know the author and find relevant information.
2. Read the full text and grasp the characteristics of the scenery and characters in the article.
1. Introduction to the work: In the desert Gobi in the western regions, there is a tree, which stands firm and unyielding in the sandstorm, takes root in the depths of the desert, looks for water-bearing soil, and lives strongly with the scorching sun overhead. This is Populus euphratica. On the Gobi desert in Saibei, there is also a nation proud of sandstorms. They fought against strong winds and yellow sand and survived in adversity. Without beautiful flowers and green trees, they are destined to be lonely for a long time, but they have stayed there for thousands of years and passed down from generation to generation. They are from Hanjiazhai. Let's walk into this Hanjiazhai in the north of Saibei with Mr. Zhang Chengzhi today!
Second, clarify the ideas of the text.
Everyone previewed the text yesterday. Now, please take the author's whereabouts as a clue and have a look at this article, which can be divided into several parts.
Clear: The topic is "Hanjiazhai", so the article focuses on Hanjiazhai closely. In the first part, the author shows the readers the background of Hanjiazhai. The second part describes what he saw and heard when he entered Hanjiazhai, and the third part describes the author's feelings of leaving Hanjiazhai and the influence of Hanjiazhai on his later life. (Show the structure of the article with slides)
Third, text analysis.
1, Step 1: See the scenery.
(1) What kind of scenery did the author see on his way to Hanjiazhai? Please find out the words that can express the characteristics of natural landscape well in this part.
Features: empty, empty, barren, desolate, barren, horrible. ...
(2) Through everyone's analysis and taste, it seems that a barren, desolate, empty and horrible Gobi appears in front of us. It seems that the author is painting a huge landscape painting with the bare southern foot of Tianshan Mountain as the background and an empty Gobi. Under such a desolate background, what kind of Han village will the author outline for us? Let's look at the second part of the article. In this part, please find a word that can complement the sentence on the complete slide: "Hanjiazhai is a piece ()". Please note that this word should be able to summarize the characteristics of Hanjiazhai's living environment.
Health: Hanjiazhai is a Jedi.
Teacher: What can explain that Hanjiazhai is a Jedi?
Health: In the second paragraph of this part, "Hanjiazhai is just a few mud huts", which is also the penultimate paragraph of this page. "It's really a foreign land-three vast and empty Gobi deserts are endless, with uninhabited saline-alkali lowlands in front and red stone mountains without vegetation behind; Hanjiazhai, like a discarded chess piece and a rusty projectile, exists alone in this terrible nature. " All these show that this is a very desolate and barren land.
Teacher: Please pay attention to some modifiers of these scenery, that is, there is an uninhabited saline-alkali lowland in front and a red stone mountain without vegetation in the back, and "uninhabited" and "without vegetation" represent the environment ...
Health: nothing grows, nothing grows.
Teacher: Are these natural environments or human environments?
Health: the natural environment.
2. Step 2: Read people.
Problem design:
(1) Is there life in this barren land? Who are the characters in the article and what are their characteristics?
(2) What did the author think after seeing them?
Old man: shaking his head "slightly" and shaking his head motionless "speechless" (weather-beaten and dull, not answering new questions)
figure
Little girl: "motionless", "black eyes" and "staring" at the Hanfu with floral cotton-padded jacket (naive curiosity)
Teacher: There is no language, no expected enthusiasm, and the arrival of the author has not caused agitation and anxiety.
I thought, "There must be food here, and people still have to find a way to survive."
Step 3: Read the spirit of "persistence"
(1) The persistence of the Han people.
Teacher: In Hanjiazhai, the natural environment is barren and barren, and people's lives are poor and isolated. So the author calls such a place "Jedi". Such Jedi can't grow crops in the iron slag heap, and no one can help them for hundreds of miles in Fiona Fang. However, they continue their lives from generation to generation in this poverty, loneliness and helplessness. On the one hand, we must admire their tenacious vitality, and at the same time, we will have such a question: there are three huge Gobi around Hanjiazhai leading to the distance. Why don't they choose one of them to start a new life and leave this barren land forever? What's the point of them staying here?
Health: There is a saying: "Born and raised in Sri Lanka". The reason why Hanjiazhai people want to stay in their hometown is because of their attachment to their homeland and their sense of responsibility for cultural inheritance. China people pay attention to the roots of fallen leaves, which is a friendship between green leaves and roots.
Health: There are four points in our group discussion. First, this is their home, so they have a sense of responsibility to protect their home. The second point is that they want to inherit their culture and their unique civilization. The third point is that they are strong-willed, so they can keep this family. The fourth point is that they have adapted to life here. Even if the land here is so barren and life here is so difficult and isolated, they are satisfied with their present life and will not have too many expectations.
Teacher: Everyone speaks very well and has a wide range of ideas. The most mentioned concept is "home". Hanjiazhai is their home and their root. Whether barren or rich, beautiful or ugly, it is hard to give up. Besides, there are many reasons. For example, they have adapted to life here, and they have to stick to the beliefs, traditions and lifestyles of their ancestors.
Teacher: Through our analysis just now, please stick to the next definition. How barren and desolate Hanjiazhai is, but they have always been here. Let's analyze it through this action. What do you mean, stick to it?
Teacher: Sticking to the dictionary means resolutely guarding and never giving up. No matter how bad the external environment is-including natural environment and social environment-it always guards what it thinks is valuable, and that is persistence.
Teacher: The author mentioned the little girl wearing a red cotton-padded jacket twice. Why? What does the little girl represent?
Qing: Although the girl is young, she has finally given this land endless hope of reproduction. The ideals, beliefs and behaviors of Hanjiazhai people's persistence in survival have strongly shocked and encouraged people in modern civilization. The author uses red to create a little bright color for the deep and sad atmosphere of the article, which makes the style of the full text generous and tragic but not sad.
The little girl is not only the proof that Hanjiazhai insists on and respects life in such a harsh natural environment, but also the hope for the continuation of Hanjiazhai's future life.
Teacher: We have understood "persistence" and "Hanjiazhai".
(2) the author's persistence
Teacher: Even if we have been to some places a hundred times or a thousand times, we have no impression. Some places, once visited, will never be forgotten. So what kind of Hanjiazhai does the author belong to?
After the author left Hanjiazhai, what influence did Hanjiazhai have on the author's future life? Please read the third part of the text together and find out the sentences that can express the author's feelings for Hanjiazhai.
Health: "I resisted the fierceness in my heart and continued my long journey." From that day on, I said goodbye to Hanjiazhai forever. That is, from that day on, no matter where I go, I am unconsciously grasping one thing. ""In America and Japan, I always stubbornly recall Hanjiazhai and think about every detail. "
Teacher: Why does the author stubbornly recall Hanjiazhai and even foreign countries wherever he goes?
Health: He remembers not only this land, but also the indomitable spirit endowed by the people on this land.
Teacher: That's right. Han Jiazhai's persistent spirit infects the author. The author should draw strength from it and always keep "persistence" in his heart.
Teacher: Let's review paragraph 23 of the second part on page 49. The author said, "It seems to be the answer to my life". When the author is faced with the choice of life, what is the answer?
Clarity: In the face of uncertain life choices and various temptations, we should choose to persist like Hanjiazhai people. So is the author's persistence, like Hanjiazhai people, a guardian of home and tradition? Please look at the slide. (Ask a classmate to read aloud)
Health (reading aloud): In recent years, the literary world has been violently impacted by the tide of commodity economy, and many writers' creations have appeared "commercialization tendency". Zhang Chengzhi is considered to be one of the few writers who has not set foot in any commercial creation so far. Zhang Chengzhi said: "I am just a writer. I will never be a seller of popular literature, and I will never be a bubble at the peak of popular ideas. I just express it independently. " "I hope that in my own literature, there will always be respect for people's hearts, humanity and people themselves; There will always be choices for the bottom, the poor and justice; Always have a youthful, rebellious and free temperament. " "No matter how difficult it is, we must adhere to the conscience and criticism of intellectuals, which I have always insisted on in my own works." "When you feel angry, when you feel that there is no justice in the secular world, when you can't hear the echo, when you can't find understanding, when you still want to live in peace and feel difficult ... please remember that there is still my literature in the world."
Teacher: From this passage, let's sum up, what does the author insist on?
Health: The author sticks to the conscience and criticism of intellectuals.
Teacher: The author sticks to the conscience of intellectuals, in fact, he is also sticking to pure literature and his own ideals.
Project extension
Teacher: In Hanjiazhai, the author found the answer to life. After leaving Hanjiazhai, the author began his mental journey. What about us? What should we insist on?
Teacher: The author gave up his superior material life in pursuit of noble personality and pure literature. Hanjiazhai people gave up the beautiful world outside in order to stick to their homes and ancestors' living habits. Some people think they are stupid. They only need to change themselves a little, and they will get a comfortable life. Please discuss, in today's era of rapid development, is "persistence" still valuable?
Teacher: In our time, the economy is developing at a high speed and technology is changing with each passing day. Everyone is advancing towards the goal of modernization with confidence. But in the era of rapid development, there are also some problems: for example, some people only have money in their eyes and desperately pursue material enjoyment; Some people lose their idealism and have no direction and goal in life; Some people flatter power, kitsch, or have only "the West" in their eyes. Therefore, in such a social atmosphere, it is really necessary to adhere to morality in the cross-flow of material desires, to be noble in the flood of vulgarity, to be ideal in loneliness, to be honest in intrigue, and to adhere to the national spirit in "worshipping foreign things and flattering foreign countries". Only in this way can we maintain our dignity as human beings and the soul of our nation. It is in this sense that we say that the "persistence" advocated by the author still has positive significance today. It is not only not contradictory to the concept of "development", but also an indispensable spiritual quality in today's high-speed development era. Then let's think about it. As middle school students, what should we stick to?
Health (free answer): study, personality, ideal, sincerity, personality. ...
Teacher: In this class, we enjoyed the desolation of the Gobi Desert at the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain with the author, and felt the persistence of Hanjiazhai people in the Jedi. When we left Hanjiazhai with the author, the spirit of persistence has taken root in our hearts.
Living in a rapidly changing era, we should strive to keep up with the pace of the times, constantly change ourselves and improve ourselves; But at the same time, there are some things that we should always adhere to, such as integrity, sincerity, kindness and other beautiful personalities, such as honesty, dignity and ideals. The Chinese nation has gone through five thousand years of storms with persistent spirit. I hope the students will continue the blood of our nation with the same persistence! Class is over.