I. Appreciation of Language Art (1) Language style 1. The language features of concise and beautiful poetic style: grotesque, charming, flashy, gorgeous and exquisite. Language features of simple poetic style: light and simple, refined and fluent, concise and concise. "Clear water produces hibiscus and natural carving" is the most vivid summary of Li Bai's poetic language. 2. The straightforward and implicit poetic style is more simple and plain than the general simple poetic style. Poets use almost all spoken language in their poems, and some poems are also mixed with slang words and folk songs, so this kind of poetry is also called vernacular poetry (almost limerick). The linguistic features of this poetic style are simplicity, simplicity, simplicity and conciseness. In the implicit poetic style, the commonly used techniques are mostly to borrow scenery to express emotion, to express one's ambition by supporting things and to make good use of allusions. The language features of this poetic style are euphemistic, implicit, refined and thought-provoking, but also simple. 3. Depressed and heroic Among many poets, there are cynics, those who have no choice but to serve the country, those who have tried and failed repeatedly, those who have been relegated repeatedly, those who plead for the people and lament the people's livelihood. Their poems express their grievances, touch the social reality and reflect the class phenomenon. Representative poets such as Du Fu, Han Yu and Li Shangyin. The linguistic features of this poetic style are: gloomy and desolate, slow in pace, strong in appeal and close to life (mostly idioms and dialogues). For example, in Du Fu's "Car Shop", the sentence "My parents and my wife are going to bid farewell" and "They are running after you, crying, and they are pulling your sleeve" uses common sayings to increase the authenticity of the poem. The linguistic features of heroic poetic style are mainly embodied in romantic poems (including frontier poems), which are often closely related to the poet's ambition. The reason why poets are full of enthusiasm may be because they live in a prosperous time of political clarity and are influenced by beautiful mountains and rivers (for example, when Li Bai was young, he made a big wish to "strive for his cleverness and help him to make the Atlas area stable and Hai Xian County clear"); Or because of the frustration of official career, depending on the meritorious frontier fortress to find a way out (such as Gao Shi); Or die voluntarily because of national disaster (such as Su Shi). Therefore, the poems they wrote are full of heroic words and show a kind of lofty sentiments. The language characteristics of this poetic style are vigorous and powerful, vigorous in brushwork, lively in rhythm and high in tone. (2) the tempering of language The ancients paid attention to refining words and the meaning of keywords. Exodus: The sun sets in Huazigang (Pei Di), the breeze blows on your face, and the grass leaves are exposed at home. Cloud light invades shoes, and mountain green clothes brush people's clothes. [Analysis] The word "invasion" describes the process that the afterglow of the sunset gradually fades away, and writes a vivid scene of the poet going down the mountain step by step in the sunset. The word "fu" uses anthropomorphic techniques to enhance the sense of movement, and also makes people want to see the lovely green mountains, which are soft and colorful. These two verbs describe Guang Yun Cui Shan's attachment to the poet and reflect the poet's love and nostalgia for Hua Zigang. Second, appreciation of expression skills (1) Clever use of rhetoric In many poems, the commonly used rhetoric is as follows: 1. Metaphor can not only make the images depicted in poetry more vivid, but also reflect the modal characteristics of images. Lanxi Acura (Dai Shulun) hangs Liu Wanmei in the cool moon, and the more you look at Zhongshan mirror. Peach blossoms rained in Lanxi for three days, and carp came to the beach at midnight. [Analysis] "Like an eyebrow": The eyebrow is used to describe the moon, depicting the shape of the moon in March and reflecting its comeliness. Mirror: Mirror is used to describe the water in Lanxi, and it describes the clear and quiet water in Lanxi. It also reflects the brightness of moonlight. Looking at the mountain on the river (stone) The boat looks at the mountain like a horse, and there are hundreds of regiments in the past. The front mountain is suddenly different, and the back ridge is like running. Looking up, the path is oblique and there are pedestrians on the street. Raise your hand and talk in the boat, sail south like a bird. [Analysis] This poem takes the mountains on both sides of the river as horses and ships as references, making the static scenery of the mountains vivid and vivid. "Bird" is a metaphor of "lone sail", which indicates how fast a ship can sail. 2. argot (homophonic) and pun In some poems, especially folk songs, the author often uses argot and pun to express a euphemistic and implicit emotion. Spring thoughts (Tang Libai) The grass in your north is as blue as jade, and the mulberry here is curved and green. When you miss your hometown, you were missed and sad a long time ago. Spring breeze, since I dare not know you, why should I separate the silk curtain beside my bed? ? [Analysis] This is a well-known poem describing the love between men and women, which is a monologue of Qin's thinking about women. The poet made a pun, expressing the spring of nature and reasoning about the love between men and women; It also uses the homonym of "silk" (thinking) and "branch" (knowing) to connect the feelings of men and women missing in different places. Zhuzhici (Yuxi, Liu Tang) The river level is green with willows, and there are bursts of songs on the Langjiang River. Rain in the east, sunrise in the east, said it was not sunny, but it was still sunny. [Analysis] "Qing" and "Qing" are homophones and puns. This is a love song written by the author in folk style, and puns are often used in folk songs. Judging from the first two poetic sentences, the woman is probably sailing on the riverbank where the willows are fluttering and the waves are calm, and she hears the teenagers who love her singing love to her on the shore, but the implicit expression of love gives her the impression that Tao is ruthless but affectionate. (2) means of expression means of expression, also known as expressive skills and artistic techniques, refers to the composition and skills of poetry. 1. Symbol is a common technique in poetry, and its main function is to use objects to symbolize people's moral integrity. For example, "Mei" symbolizes nobility, beauty, elegance and simplicity; "Chrysanthemum" symbolizes nobleness, Ao Shuang and strong resistance to snow, which is called "flower of seclusion"; "Lan Zhi" symbolizes preciousness, loneliness and loftiness; "Peony" symbolizes wealth; Wait a minute. I didn't find Lu Hongxian to look for you at home (Jiao Ran). I moved out of the city, and a wide path led me from Sang Ma. The chrysanthemum near the fence has not been seen in autumn. There was no dog barking at the door, so I asked my neighbors in the west. Gaobaoshan
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