3. Comparative method. In reading teaching, it is an effective way to cultivate students' thinking quality by appropriately adopting comparative method and guiding students to actively explore. "Comparison is the basis of all knowledge and thinking" comparison can open the floodgate of thinking and ignite the spark of thinking. For example, teaching Lu Xun's Blessing can inspire students to compare with the movie Blessing.
Thirdly, the confusion of "painting white" recreates the meaning of the work.
"White cloth" is a common technique in artistic creation, which refers to the blank deliberately set aside in order to fully express the theme. Reading teaching is also an art. From the perspective of classroom teaching, the "white cloth" of classroom teaching is that teachers inspire and guide students in a certain time and space, give them enough time for a certain goal, give play to their main role, use their respective knowledge and skills, and promote personalized reading, thus cultivating creative thinking, making reading full of life and making students' reading more exciting.
In a word, reading is a complex intellectual activity composed of many factors, and it is also a very personalized cognitive behavior. In reading teaching, we encourage students to interpret the text in various ways and read their own views and feelings. It is necessary to stimulate students' reading desire, activate their thinking and give them more time and space to explore. Only in this way can literature appreciation course become a fertile ground for cultivating individual creative thinking.
How to guide students to interpret and explore texts independently in teaching
study sth in detail
Xuanhan county Han junior high school
Suhomlinski said: "There is a deep-rooted need in people's hearts-they always want to feel that they are discoverers, researchers and explorers. This demand is particularly strong in children's spiritual world. " If classroom teaching is an art, then classroom cutting is ballet in art, and art in art, especially modern literature reading, good teaching methods can not only arouse students' interest in learning, but also concentrate their attention; It can also stimulate students' curiosity, lay a good foundation for the whole classroom and make the whole teaching activity lively, natural, effective and interesting; It can also promote students to consciously and independently interpret and explore the text. So how can teachers guide students to interpret and explore independently in teaching?
Through online training, combined with my own teaching, I have the following understanding:
First, carefully design teaching to cultivate students' interest in explanation and inquiry.
Interest is the best teacher, and interest and emotion have a great impetus to people's actions. In teaching, teachers should make students feel happy, positive and excited, understand knowledge more actively and explore the mystery of Chinese knowledge through the cultivation of interest, emotional exchange and singing. Junior high school students like to play games, creating game situations that are closely related to students' knowledge background and are of interest to students, arousing students' subjective consciousness, allowing students to mobilize their existing knowledge, experience and strategies to experience and understand knowledge, activating students' thinking, triggering students' independent inquiry, and making learning activities vivid and effective. For students, they don't wait for the transfer of knowledge, they actively construct knowledge and truly become the masters of learning; In this process, teachers are only organizers, instructors, participants and promoters of students' learning activities. In the teaching process, teachers should not only guide students to play games, but also guide students to observe and understand in games, so that students can acquire knowledge in games and stimulate their interest in independent interpretation and inquiry.
Second, create problem situations to stimulate students' desire to interpret and explore.
Einstein said, "It is often more important to ask a question than to solve it." The strategy of guiding students to form problem consciousness is mainly to creatively construct learning environment and give students the opportunity to stimulate their subjective consciousness. In Chinese teaching, students can be given time and space to "guess" when reading the text. Therefore, teachers should respect students and give them opportunities to express their views; Fully satisfy students' curiosity and desire to explore, and give students the opportunity to make bold guesses and "whimsy"; Students' mistakes or shortcomings should be guided and given the opportunity to reflect and correct.
Third, design reasonable exercises and pay attention to the extension of students' interpretation and inquiry.
Practice is the test and feedback of students' learning effect, which plays a very important role in the development and improvement of students' ability. Chinese class is also inseparable from practice, and the important grammar and answering skills explained by teachers should be consolidated through practice questions. This combination of in-class and out-of-class focuses on the extension of students' interpretation and inquiry activities.
Fourth, seek practical results and implementation to enhance the effectiveness of students' explanation and inquiry.
No matter what method you use to cut into a class, its destination always falls on the teaching purpose and teaching of this class.
The focus of learning, the interpretation and exploration of the text, without these, a class is very lively and unusual, just to show the teacher and grandstanding. In the classroom, through the wonderful introduction of the teacher, students' interest in learning and curiosity are stimulated. In the independent and cooperative inquiry learning, the text is perceived as a whole, and in the communication with the author, text, teachers and group members, the teaching objectives are achieved, the teaching key points are grasped, and the key points of the text are entered.
Chinese teachers should pay attention to the classroom cut-in, and don't replace the whole class teaching with beautiful lead-in. In the next link, teachers should guide students to gradually implement the important and difficult points of teaching through independent cooperative inquiry learning. In specific teaching, I generally adopt the teaching mode of "harmony and mutual assistance" advocated by our school and implement the teaching content through the method of "three-step implementation". After introducing the new class, arrange students to study in groups. Search for information to confirm the author and writing background; Read the text as a whole and implement the words; Reflect after reading, and implement the content and main idea of the article, the most wonderful paragraphs or sentences of the article. In short, it is to implement the sentiment of the article and grasp the eye of the text.
In teaching, I insist on respecting students' demand for inquiry, new experience, recognition and appreciation, so that students' experience can be activated, enriched and improved, knowledge can be constructed and applied, skills can be formed, consolidated and mastered, learning strategies can be enriched and improved, emotions can be enriched and sublimated, and attitudes and values can be formed and improved. I guide students to determine their own learning goals, make learning plans, and make specific preparations for learning; Ability to self-monitor, self-feedback and self-adjust learning progress and learning methods in learning activities; Self-examination, self-summary, self-evaluation and self-remedy can be carried out after learning activities. Encourage students to have a clear division of labor around the learning tasks of * * * in the form of groups or teams, support each other, cooperate with each other, communicate and interact, collectively handle the tasks completed by individuals in groups, and evaluate the effect of * * * activities.
In short, in teaching, only by creating a lively, relaxed and harmonious teaching atmosphere and establishing democratic and equal interpersonal relationships can students actively engage in learning, learn to use Chinese knowledge to solve practical problems through independent interpretation and inquiry.
How to guide students to interpret and explore texts independently in teaching
Modern middle school students have broad vision and quick thinking, and their interpretation of traditional texts has a distinct personality color. Professor Wang Xianpei, a famous literary critic and professor of the College of Literature of Huazhong Normal University, said: "In most cases, literary texts appear in the external form of paper printed matter. What people usually see are literary books or literary magazines. Literary books and magazines printed on paper are only carriers of literary texts, but also material things, which cannot be said to be literary texts themselves. For example, boxes of Shakespeare's plays are moved out of the printing house and put into the freight box. What's the difference with other commodities? Therefore, the paper of books and the literary symbols watermarked with ink are not literary texts, but only the material carriers of literary texts. These printed literary books and magazines only become literary texts in the process of aesthetic acceptance. Similarly, as a student, he can only be called a reader in the process of transforming language symbols into artistic images by using vision and hearing, and in a psychological activity. A person's social role can only be realized in activities, and students can only become readers when reading. "
Respecting students means advocating personalized reading. "Reading teaching is a multi-dialogue among students, teachers, textbook editors and texts, and it is a dynamic process of ideological collision and spiritual exchange. Dialogue and communication in reading should point to each student's individual reading. Teachers are not only equal interlocutors of students, but also organizers of classroom reading activities and promoters of students' reading. Teachers should create a good environment and provide favorable conditions for students' reading practice and pay full attention to the initiative of students' reading attitude, the diversity of reading needs and the uniqueness of reading psychology.
Respect students' personal opinions, encourage students to criticize and question, and express different opinions. Teachers' guidance is necessary, but students' independent reading cannot be replaced by their own analysis and explanation. It is difficult to interpret literary works at one time, or even never. This is a process of constant revision and improvement. In the process of guiding students to understand literary works, we can neither impose a qualitative understanding nor turn a blind eye to students' roughness and intolerance. We should actively create an atmosphere for students to adjust their views in dialogue, discussion and debate.
Advocating personalized interpretation is not to encourage students to stubbornly adhere to their extreme and wrong understanding, but to guide students to convince others with their own unique views in argumentation. Get knowledge, or accept other people's different opinions, learn from others' strengths to make up for their own shortcomings, and let reading sparkle with creativity.
Encourage creative reading. "A text is not accidentally beyond its author, but constantly beyond the author's intention. Therefore, understanding is not a process of reproduction, but always a process of creation. It can be said that as long as people are understanding, there will always be different understandings. " "In fact, identity and variability are inseparable and exist in the process of interpretation. The essence of interpretation is to say the same thing in different ways, and it is precisely because they say the same thing in different ways that we imagine that we are saying the same thing, but in fact we are saying completely different things. " Based on creativity, modern hermeneutics holds that the classroom is a world where teachers and students create new ideas and new lives. The dialogue between readers and texts is a kind of creation. Readers and texts are reborn in creation. The creativity of reading process needs the active participation of the subjective spirit of the subject. Without or ignoring the active participation of the subject, the creativity of reading is "an armchair strategist".
Any reading can't be "innocent reading", and it is bound to permeate the complex psychological activities of the subject. The meaning understood by any reader cannot be completely equivalent to the original intention of the work. Not only can different readers not understand the same meaning of the same text, but the same reader will have different experiences or understandings of the same text at different times or with the growth of age and rich social experience. "The uncertainty of the text itself is constantly determined and filled by the reader's imagination in the process of reading, thus becoming a concrete and realistic thing in the reader's mind. The meaning and vitality of the text are realized in readers' reading activities.
Of course, creative reading must be based on the text, on the ancient and modern virtues and aesthetic standards recognized by human beings, and create the meaning of the text. In order to respect the author's original intention and history, it is necessary to infer the text meaning of different times. However, if we blindly "return to simplicity", it will hinder the innovative understanding of the text. "Practical texts still allow various interpretations to coexist, and the interpretation of literary works should be completely open, because it should be a kind of creation. Under the background of today's curriculum reform, when we vigorously advocate multi-interpretation and cultivate Chinese innovation ability, it is best not to set up a restricted area, and all kinds of bans must be slowed down! We should vigorously advocate' over-interpretation', let students boldly challenge the so-called' * * * interpretation', and break the' rationality' of the interpretation of textbooks and textbooks (reference materials), that is, the so-called' correction must be over-corrected'. As long as it has nothing to do with the text, any' over-interpretation' and misreading are reasonable and should be welcomed. Don't take adults' thoughts and thinking as the yardstick of interpretation, and don't impose conventional interpretation on students. Doing so will only turn students into robots and vegetarians without emotion and vitality, and it does not conform to the' creative' nature of readers' self-expression required by classic reading. To realize creative reading, teachers should give full play to students' intelligence when guiding them to interpret texts, that is, "use their brains and keep their eyes open", and impress their preconceptions and interpret new meanings in the "meaningful structure" of texts, especially in the "summoning structure".
For example, Li Qingzhao's "Dream":
"Always remember XiTing sunset, drunk don't know the way home. Always had a good time, but lost to the swimming pool deep in Zhu Feng. Fight for the ferry, fight for the ferry, and open a beach of gulls and herons. " The following questions are worth considering: Does the author travel after being drunk? How to explain "returning to the ship late"? How to explain the word "controversy"? Through the discussion of these problems, students will naturally think deeply and explore this poem.
Another example is "Kong Yiji", which says, "He is always full of big talk, which makes people half understand." After reading the article, we found that this is not the case! After further study, students will find that Kong Yiji only swears in two situations: one is when he is ridiculed and defended; Second, when you are happy. From this, we can further explore why Kong Yiji made such a mistake, which naturally triggered students' intensive reading of the text.
"A humanistic classic, from the date of its birth, has reserved an infinitely broad interpretation space. From different perspectives, we can see different landscapes and read different meanings. It is in this different interpretation that humanistic classics gain permanent vitality. " (Zhao Yiliang's New Reader of Old Stories) There must be multiple interpretations of literary texts, but some literary works such as poems and novels should be recognized, determined and relatively unified when they are taught in textbooks. As a recognized text solution for Chinese reading teaching in middle schools.