Don Wang Zhihuan
The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain.
Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!
Khan looked at the clouds in the north and killed the altar of Madden several times.
The son of the Han family is now in SHEN WOO, and he refuses to go home with his relatives.
To annotate ...
1, Liangzhou Ci: also known as Liangzhou Song. The lyrics were a popular song (Liangzhou Ci) at that time. Liangzhou Ci is a common appellation of Yuefu in Tang Dynasty, which mostly describes the life of frontier troops.
2. Two original titles, one of which. Guo Maoqian's Yuefu Poetry (Volume 79) and Modern Quci contain Liangzhou songs, and quoted Yuan Yue as saying: "Liangzhou is a Gongdiao song, and Guo Zhiyun, commander-in-chief of Kaiyuan Liangfu". Liangzhou is located in Guzang County (now Wuwei County, Gansu Province), where Liangzhou Governance of Longyou Road was located in the Tang Dynasty.
3. "Far" means "straight".
4. The Yellow River is far away: looking at the source of the Yellow River.
5. Lonely city: refers to the lonely castle guarding the border.
6. Well: an ancient unit of length, and a well is equivalent to seven or eight feet.
7. Qiang people: The ancient Qiang people were mainly distributed in Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan. Qiangdi is a A Qiang musical instrument, which belongs to cross-wind wind music.
8. Liu Yang: Folding Liu Yang. In ancient poetry, willow is often used as a metaphor for farewell. Poem Xiaoya Cai Wei: "In the past, I was gone, and the willows were reluctant." In the Northern Dynasty Yuefu's "Blowing the Drum Horn Across", there is "Folding Yang Liuzhi", and the lyrics say: "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will hit Yang Liuzhi instead. Dismount and play the flute, worrying about killing travelers. "
9. Degree: crossing. The last two sentences are: Why did Qiangdi play such a sad tune as "Folding Willow", complaining that the willow didn't grow and spring came late? You know, the spring breeze outside Yumenguan can't blow!
10, Yumenguan: It was set by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and was named after the jade introduced from the Western Regions. Therefore, it is located in Xiaofang City in the northwest of Dunhuang, Gansu. During the Six Dynasties, the site moved eastward to the vicinity of Shuangta Fort in Anxi.
Brief analysis
"Liangzhou Ci" is the lyrics of Liangzhou Song, not the title of a poem, but the name of a popular tune in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. During the Kaiyuan period, Guo Zhiyun, the Chinese ambassador to Longyou, collected a batch of western music scores and presented them to Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Xuanzong handed it to Jiao Fang to translate it into China's music score, sang it with new lyrics, and took the place names produced by these music scores as the title of the song. Later, many poets liked this tune and filled it with new words, so many poets in the Tang Dynasty wrote Liangzhou Ci.
Wang Zhihuan wrote this poem about the homesickness of frontier soldiers. It is desolate and generous, sad without losing strength. Although he tried his best to exaggerate the resentment that the garrison soldiers were not allowed to go home, he did not feel depressed, which fully showed the broad-minded mind of the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
The first sentence, "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds", captures the characteristics of overlooking and depicts a moving picture: on the vast plateau, the Yellow River runs down and looks at the west as if it were flowing out of the white clouds. The second sentence, "An isolated city, Wan Ren Mountain", is about an isolated city in the fortress. A lonely city located in the frontier fortress, standing tall by mountains and waters. These two sentences describe the majestic momentum of the motherland's mountains and rivers, outline the geographical situation of this important national defense town, highlight the desolate situation of foot soldiers guarding the border, and provide a typical environment for the latter two sentences to describe the psychology of defending the army.
In this environment, I suddenly heard the sound of Qiangdi, and the tune I played happened to be "Folding Willow", which aroused the sadness of the garrison. The ancients had the custom of parting and giving gifts. "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic and presented to Liu as a souvenir. In the Northern Dynasty Yuefu's "Blowing the Drum Horn Across", there is "Folding Yang Liuzhi", and the lyrics say: "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will hit Yang Liuzhi instead. Dismount and play the flute, worrying about killing travelers. " It is mentioned in the song that pedestrians break willows when they walk. This kind of farewell wind was very popular in the Tang Dynasty. Thus, there is a close relationship between willow and parting. Nowadays, when the foot soldiers guarding the border pass hear the sad tune of "Folding Willow" played by Qiangdi, it is inevitable that they will feel sad and not hate it. Therefore, the poet explained in an open-minded tone: Why does Qiangdi always play the sad tune of "breaking willow"? You know, outside Yumenguan is a place where the spring breeze can't blow, and no willow can be folded! To say "why complain" is not to complain, nor to persuade the guards not to complain, but to complain is useless. The use of the word "why complain" makes poetry more economical and meaningful.
Three or four sentences, which Yang Shen thought contained irony: "This poem is not as good as frontier fortress, and the so-called military gate is far more than Wan Li." China's ancient poetry has always had a tradition of "happiness", not to mention "poetry fails to express its meaning". We think readers can't help but understand it, but we are not sure whether the author really means it. Since the spring breeze outside Yumenguan can't blow, the willow outside Yumenguan naturally won't spit leaves. What's the use of complaining about it?
Make an appreciative comment
Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu) is located in Hexi Corridor. This poem describes a vast and desolate scene in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. This poem has an open realm, a heavy atmosphere and a sad mood. The phrase "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds" refers to seeing the Yellow River from a distance, and its source seems to come from the white clouds. "Qiangdi" is a musical instrument in the western regions, and "Complaining about Willow" refers to the elegy "Broken Willow" played by Qiangdi.
The first sentence is a strange idea, looking back at the present. This is contrary to the visual direction of "How the water of the Yellow River moves out of the sky, into the ocean and never returns" in Li Bai's Into the Wine, and the emphasis is different. Shi Li emphasized the imposing manner, while Wang Shi emphasized the noble origin. In such a broad background, an isolated city stands alone in the mountains of Wan Ren, and the Yellow River is like a silk belt, which binds the blue sky and white clouds, isolated city and mountains together. This is a freehand painting of frontier fortress. The poet described a city as a city, and thought that the viewpoint highlighted loneliness: an isolated city is like a boat in the Han Sea, like a white cloud drowning between heaven and earth, like the loneliness and helplessness of the defenders. This leads to a theme of "resentment": this remote and desolate frontier fortress is refused by the spring breeze, but people have to leave their homes and endure the suffering of years here. Such a long and helpless complaint is expressed in a relieved tone of "why complain", which is tortuous and easy to express. Think about it carefully, the song "Folding Willow" really doesn't help to dispel the bitterness. So who is to blame? The poet didn't say anything, but another poem on the same topic complained slightly: "The son of heaven of the Han family is here now and doesn't go home with his relatives." But the son of heaven is not good at complaining, so he has to complain gently about the "spring breeze" Wu Yi commented on The True Voice of Tang Poetry: "Full of grievances and subtlety." Tang Xian's Samadhi Collection notes: "Liangzhou is a sinister state. There is a "willow-bending song" in the flute, but spring has not come yet, so why complain about willow? Obviously, the border is bitter and cold, and the sun is not harmonious. The wording is full of people's ideas. "
According to Xue Yongwei's Collection of Legacies in the Tang Dynasty, during the Kaiyuan period, Wang Zhihuan, Gao Shi and Wang Changling went to the hotel to drink, and when the actors in the pear garden sang and feasted, they privately agreed to name the poems according to their singing. As a result, all three people's poems were sung, and the most beautiful woman in Zhu Lingzhong sang "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds". Wang Zhihuan is very proud, and this is the famous story of "painting a wall and hanging a flag pavilion". It may not be true. However, it shows that Wang Zhihuan's "Liangzhou Ci" has become a famous piece widely sung at that time.
The first sentence of the poem captures the special feeling of looking at the Yellow River from the bottom (swimming) to the top (swimming) from near and far, and depicts the moving picture of "the Yellow River is far above the white clouds": the surging Yellow River flies to the clouds like a ribbon. Writing is really a leap of thought, and the weather is open. Another famous poem of the poet, "And the Ocean Drains Gold River", is viewed from the opposite angle, from top to bottom; Li Bai's "How the Yellow River Water Moves Out of the Sky" is different from this sentence. Although it is also about looking at the upper reaches, the line of sight is from far to near. "All rivers run into the sea" and "How the water of the Yellow River moves out of the sky" are deliberately exaggerating the style of the Yellow River, showing dynamic beauty. "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds", the direction of which is opposite to that of the river, which is intended to highlight its long-standing leisure state and show a static beauty. At the same time, it shows the vast and magnificent scenery of the border, which is worthy of being a strange sentence throughout the ages.
The second sentence "Isolated City, Wan Ren Mountain" appears as an isolated city on the frontier, which is one of the main images of this poem and belongs to the main part of the "picture scroll". "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds" is its background, and "Wan Ren Mountain" is its near background. Against the background of the mountains in Yuanchuan, it is helpful to see that the city is in a dangerous terrain and lonely situation. "Pian" is an idiom in Tang poetry, which is often associated with "loneliness" (such as "a lonely sail" and "a lonely cloud"). Here it is equivalent to "a seat", but this word has an additional meaning of "thin". A lonely city like Mobei is certainly not a residential area, but a fortress guarding the border, which also implies that readers have husbands in their poems. As a vocabulary of classical poetry, "Lonely City" has a specific meaning. It is often associated with the sadness of leaving people, such as "The sunset in Kuifu ancient city is oblique, and every Beidou Wangjing is in China" (Du Fu's Autumn Prosperity), "Knowing the Han people far away makes Xiao Guan go out and worry about seeing the sunset in the old city" (Wang Wei's Send Wei to Comment on Things) and so on. Firstly, the image of "lonely city" in the second sentence is introduced to prepare for further describing the psychology of husband recruitment in the next two sentences.
The poem begins with the vastness and desolation of mountains and rivers, and the loneliness and danger of the bearer. The third sentence suddenly turns, introducing the sound of Qiang flute. The tune played by Qiangdi is "Folding Willow", which can't help but arouse people's sadness. This sentence is translated into Yuefu's "Blowing Words". Fold willow songs ","don't catch a whip on the horse, fold Yang Liuzhi. Playing the flute on the bench and worrying about killing travelers is very poetic. The custom of breaking willows to bid farewell flourished in the Tang Dynasty. "Liu" has a more direct relationship with parting. Therefore, people will feel sad not only when they see willow trees, but also when they hear the flute sound of "breaking willow trees". The sentence "strong enemy" is not about "smelling willow", but about "resenting willow", which is particularly wonderful. This avoids directly using the title of the song, and turns the board into life, which can trigger more associations and deepen poetry. Outside Yumenguan, the spring breeze is not strong, the willow is not green, and people can't leave a willow to send their feelings, which is more embarrassing than breaking the willow to bid farewell. When people listen to songs in this mood, it seems that the flute is also complaining about the willow. The resentment revealed is strong, but it is euphemistically expressed in the broad explanation of "why complain", which is deep, implicit and intriguing. This third sentence conveys such rich poetry in the question, and the last sentence "Spring breeze is not enough to pass Yumenguan" is logical. Entering the poem with the word "Yumenguan" is also related to making people think. Book of later Han dynasty Ban Chao said, "I dare not look at Jiuquan County, but at Yumen Pass." So the last sentence was written in the biting cold, implying infinite homesickness. If we compare this poem "Liangzhou Ci" with some frontier poems after the middle Tang Dynasty (such as Zhang Qiao's "Old Soldiers of Hehuang"), we will find that although this poem is extremely expressive of the resentment that people guarding the frontier can't return to their hometown, it is tragic and desolate, and there is no mood of decline and depression, which shows the broad-minded mind of poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Even if you write sad grievances, you are strong in sadness and generous in sadness. The word "why complain" is not only reflected in its artistic technique.
Stork tower
brief introduction
In the Heron Pavilion, poets in the Tang Dynasty wrote a chapter for the stork house in yongji city. According to the Records of the Great Unification of Qing Dynasty, the former site of this building is located in the southwest of Zhou Pu (now Yongji County, a house in the river in the Tang Dynasty) in Shaanxi Province, located in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, and sometimes storks inhabit it, hence the name. Because of its spectacular structure, unique structure and magnificent momentum, coupled with superior geographical location and beautiful scenery, literati and poets of all dynasties have boarded this building one after another to express their feelings with songs, leaving many immortal chapters commanding and admiring the great river.
Shen Kuo, a great scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote in "A Random Talk on Meng Xi": "The mirage in the middle of the river has three floors, overlooking the middle area and overlooking the river. There are many poets in the Tang Dynasty, but Li Yi, Wang Zhihuan and Chang Dang can strengthen their views. Among these three poems, Li Yi's poem is the seven laws; Wang Zhihuan and Chang Dang's poems are five unique poems, all entitled "In the Heron Villa". Among them, Wang Zhihuan's "In the Lodge of the Heron" is the most popular, and its poetic and picturesque meaning is magnificent, which can be called a masterpiece. However, Wang Zhihuan's poems were the first. Comparatively speaking, they lost in the end, so Wang's poems had to be once and for all.
Three most famous poems
Li Yi, at the Heron Villa.
The stork tower is 100 feet west, the clouds and trees in Tingzhou are boundless, the flute is empty, and the Weishan River is half dusk.
A thousand years later, you still hate speed, but one day's worries are long. The wind and smoke homesick, far away will hurt yourself.
Wandering, at the heron hotel.
Stay close to the birds and away from the noise.
The weather surrounds Ye Ping, and rivers pass through the mountains.
Wang Zhihuan is at Luniao Mountain Villa.
The sun sets slowly near the western hills, and the Yellow River flows into the East China Sea.
By going up one flight of stairs, look further.
Detailed Interpretation and Translation of Wang Zhihuan's In the Heron Villa
[Introduction to the author]
Wang Zhihuan (688-742), a native of Jinyang, Ji Ling (now Taiyuan, Shanxi), moved to Jiangzhou (now Xinjiang, Shanxi) and was a poet in the Tang Dynasty.
metric
○ Pingsheng ● Pingsheng ⊙ Pingkecuo △ Yunping ▲ Yun Yun
The sun sets slowly near the western hills, and the Yellow River flows into the East China Sea.
●●○○● ○○●●△
By going up one flight of stairs, look further.
●○○●● ⊙●●○△
[Notes]
1. Stork Tower: The former site is in Yongji County, Shanxi Province. The building is three stories high, with Zhongtiao Mountain in front and the Yellow River at the bottom. Legend has it that storks often inhabit here, hence the name.
2. Day: the sun.
3. rely on: rely on. The sun sets near the mountains.
4. Poverty: exhaustion.
5. clairvoyance: broad vision.
6. More: Come again.
[translation]
The sunset slowly sank to the west hill,
The surging Yellow River flows to the East China Sea.
If you want to see the scenery thousands of miles away,
Then you have to climb a higher tower.
Appreciation of Wang Zhihuan's In the Heron Villa
poetic sentiment
The extraordinary ambition of the poet in this poem reflects the enterprising spirit of the people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Among them, the first two sentences are what you see. "The Mountain Covers the Day" is about the view, the mountain, and the scenery seen from the stairs. "And the Ocean Drains the Gold River" is about the close-up view, and the water is magnificent and magnificent. Here, the poet captured the rivers and mountains of Wan Li in a very simple and plain language with just ten words; When we read these ten words a thousand years later, we seem to be underground, and we feel open-minded when we see the scenery.
Looking into the distance, a touch of sunset sank to the endless rolling mountains in front of the building and disappeared into Ran Ran at the end of the field of vision. This is the sky view, the distant view and the western view. The second sentence is about the Yellow River flowing through the front and bottom of the building, roaring south, then turning east in the distance and flowing to the sea. This is from the ground to the horizon, from near to far, from west to east. When these two poems are combined, the scenery of up and down, far and near, and things are all contained under the pen, which makes the picture look particularly broad and distant. As far as the second poem is concerned, the poet can't see the Yellow River entering the sea from the stork building. The sentence is written in the middle of the poem, which is a way to combine the foreground with the sky. This writing increases the breadth and depth of the picture.
Write the last two sentences. "But you have broadened your horizons by three hundred miles", a poet's endless desire to explore, wants to see further and see where his eyesight can reach. The only way is to stand higher and "walk up a flight of stairs". "A thousand miles" and "the first floor" are imaginary numbers, which are both vertical and horizontal spaces in the poet's imagination. The words "to be poor" and "to be better" contain many hopes and longings. These two well-known poems are not only unexpected, but also very natural, close to the first two. At the same time, the use of the word "Lou" at the end also plays a role in pointing out that this is a poem about climbing stairs.
It can be inferred from the second half of the poem that the first half was written on the second floor. The poet wanted to see the distant scenery as far as possible, and even climbed to the top floor of the building. The poem seems to write the process of climbing stairs straightforwardly, but it has far-reaching implications and is intriguing. Here is the poet's enterprising spirit, forward-looking mind, and also the philosophy of standing high and looking far.
[Writing characteristics]
As far as the whole poem is concerned, this poem is said by the Japanese monk Konghai in On the Chamber of Secrets in the Mirror. Some people say that poetry should not be reasonable. This should only mean that poetry should not be blunt, boring and abstract, not that philosophy cannot be revealed and promoted in poetry. Just like this poem, it perfectly dissolves truth, scenery and events, making readers feel comfortable instead of reasoning. This is a mode to express the philosophy of life through thinking in images according to the characteristics of poetry.
The writing of this poem has another feature: it is a quatrain full of antithesis. In the first two sentences, the nouns "daytime" and "Yellow River" are relative, the colors "white" and "yellow" are relative, and the verbs "one" and "ru" are relative. The last two sentences are the same, which constitutes a formal perfection. When Shen Deqian chose this poem in the Tang Dynasty, he pointed out: "Four languages are correct, and it is not too expensive to read, so the bones are high." There are only two couplets in the quatrains, both of which are antithetical sentences. If it is not full of momentum and clear-cut, it will easily appear dull or fragmented. In this poem, the previous combination is the opposite name, the so-called "right and wrong", and the sentence is extremely neat, heavy and powerful, which shows the greatness of the scene written; The latter is a flowing pair. Although the two sentences are relative, there is no trace of confrontation. The poet is also very mature in using dual skills.