The school of poetry centered on Han Yu and Meng Jiao, whose followers or influenced by it are: Li He, Jia Dao, Ma Su, Liu Cha, Huangpu Tears, etc.
The characteristics of his poems are: attaching importance to the transmission of subjective feelings; The pursuit of innovation is surprising and unwilling to follow the old rules; Pay attention to showing off talent or sighing, and pay less attention to beauty. On the whole, it is strange and subjective.
(768 ~ 824) was born in Henan. He was three years old and lonely, traveling with his brother and sister-in-law to avoid chaos. He studied at the age of seven, became literate at the age of thirteen, and then went to Duguji and Liang Su.
Zhenyuan 19 (803) was appointed as the Imperial History, and was demoted to Lianzhou Yangshanling for writing about the drought and victims near Kyoto. Later, he was promoted to assistant minister of punishments, and was demoted to Chaozhou secretariat for "going to the Buddha's bone table". Changqing died in four years.
Su Shi said in "Chaozhou Hanwen Temple Monument" that he "started from the decline of the Eight Dynasties, indulged himself in the world, was loyal to the prisoner's anger, and won the handsome of the three armies."
Han Yu advocated that "if there is injustice, it will sound", which broke through the utilitarian thought of "writing with Ming Dow" at that time, emphasized the expressive function of literature, and grasped the lyrical characteristics of literature.
He also emphasized that "pen creates nature", that creation should be "self-reliant, not conformity" and that literature should be brave in innovation.
There are more than 300 existing poems by Han Yu, mainly about events, grief and indignation, and scenery writing.
Current events poems such as:
Sad poems such as:
Landscape poems such as:
(75 1 ~ 8 14) was born in dongye, Huzhou. He was poor, his father died early, and the Central Plains was at war. He has been wandering in Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi and other places for a long time and has repeatedly failed. Zhenyuan 12 (796), 46-year-old Jinshi.
At the age of 50, he was awarded the captain of Liyang. Because he didn't serve Cao Wu, he spent all his time singing poems for fun and was fined half a salary. In the ninth year of Yuanhe, Zheng Yuqing called Xingyuan as a staff officer and died on the way to being invited.
Meng Jiao was poor all his life, and his official career was down and out. His poems were full of wounds and bitter thoughts. Similar to Jia Dao's style, he was also called "bitter" and called "suburban thin".
His works not only depict the misfortune and poverty of himself and others, but also pour out an untimely honest literati's understanding of life pain and lonely feelings, such as:
These poems truly reflect the poor life, moral integrity and cynical feelings of the literati in the Tang Dynasty, and have typical significance.
Meng Jiao also has some poems about the country and the countryside, such as:
Poems that reflect the sufferings of people's livelihood, such as:
(790 ~ 8 16), from Fuchang Chicken Farm (now Yichang, Henan).
Li He, a young worker, came from a poor family in his early years and was highly valued by Han Yu at the age of eighteen. However, he was accused of violating his father's taboo during the Jinshi exam and was disqualified. After that, I only worked as a ceremonial official. After resigning, he was forced to go out again and rely on others. He died at the age of 27.
Li He was an unfortunate genius, and he lived in a period when various complex contradictions were intertwined in the Tang Dynasty. Poor family, sinister world, humble official position and weak body have all dealt a heavy blow to this ambitious young man. The strong gap between ideal and reality made him indulge in subjective feelings and fantasies, and took poetry as his career and worked hard for it.
The main content of Li He's poems is to express his feelings that life is short, his ambition is not paid, and he expresses his grief and indignation, such as:
Li He's poems are full of strange and even absurd imagination, and he often places his hopes of relieving pain on the illusory world of ghosts and gods, such as:
Under the principle of "words must come out", Li He uses unconventional language to construct images, which often gives people strong psychological stimulation. The loneliness and seclusion in the works coexist with a strong sense of life, which constitutes the special aesthetic feeling of Li He's poems.
"In a word, it must be novel and eccentric." Li He's jumping, ups and downs and erratic thoughts make his poems full of meaning. He not only replaces things with color intention, but also is good at injecting specific environmental atmosphere and subjective emotion into the color characteristics of objective scenery by synaesthesia, forming a strange poetic realm.
However, his works also have some shortcomings. First, some works are obscure and confusing, and it is difficult to understand the connotation; Second, he is addicted to personal emotions, and his works lack high spirits.
(779 ~ 843), born in Buyi (near Beijing today), became a monk in his early years. During Yuanhe years, Han Yu was praised and deeply appreciated. After secularization, it should be promoted, but it has never been the first in life. In the second year of Changqing (822), he entered imperial academy. Because of illness, cicada made courtiers hate it, saying that he was expelled from the examination room because of disturbing Hiram's Hospital, which was called one of the "ten evils" (He Guangyuan's lesson).
In his later years, he served as the master book of Changjiang County in Suizhou, moved to Zhou Pu to join the army, and died as an official.
Jia Dao, like Meng Jiao, regards poetry as life and takes "bitterness" as his creative purport. His strange and bitter poetic style comes directly from Han Yu and Meng Jiao.
Jia Dao's poems mainly reflect personal life, and he may describe his poverty:
Or lament the difficulty of the imperial examination:
There are many poems, depicting the desolate and cold poetic realm:
Through hard reciting and tempering, Jia Dao brought the realm of purity, addiction and coldness into full play. Wen Yiduo said that he "loves quietness and coldness, and also loves these symbols of feelings-stones, cranes, ice and snow." Therefore, later generations discussed his poems with "thinness".
But Jia Dao is not so blind, such as:
Jia Dao's works mainly focus on the Five Laws, which is not only the poet's preference, but also reflects the ethos of the times. Wen Yiduo thinks: "I have been trying five laws and five words and eight rhymes recently, and doing five laws is equal to doing my homework;" The second is to highlight the artistic conception with a little scenery, and the five laws are a standard form. "
In the poetic style, he "avoids the wide bend of thousands of households and walks in the narrow path of a narrow bird", wins by being thin and hard, and deliberately depicts the cold artistic conception with vulgar sentences, such as:
But Jia Dao's works also have obvious defects, that is, there are sentences without articles. Because of suffering, one or two scenes in the five laws are often alert, but the whole poem is very weak.
Jia Dao's friend's name is Yao Jia, and his poems are as famous as Jia Dao's. In the 11th year of Yuanhe (8 16), he was a scholar. His early experience was similar to that of Jia Dao, but he flourished in his later years, with about 500 poems.
Yao He is good at describing natural scenery and gloomy officialdom situation, and is famous for his poetic style. His works are represented by Thirty Poems of Wugong County, and he was the main book of Wugong County in his early years. The first four poems chosen today are:
As another branch of Han Meng's poetry school, Jia Dao's and Yao He's bitter songs have brought a cold, narrow and lonely poetic style, because the last leaf of each dynasty tends to return to Jia Dao, and the "bitter songs" poems constitute a strange landscape of China's ancient literature.
Lu Tong (785 ~ 835), whose name is Yuchuanzi, has the same name as Lu, and is the author of Song of the Eclipse, which is 1800 words long. He described the process of solar eclipse with strange fantasy and plain language, and satirized the times in it. Another poem, Make Friends with Ma Yi, is also a masterpiece that surprises the public:
Liu Cha and Life Unknown have a volume of poems, including icicles and snowmobiles, which are above Lutong and Mayi in style.
Han Meng's poetry school strives to avoid the old customs and worship the strange from the aspects of artistic conception, structure and language skills. At the same time, prose and syntax are integrated into poetry, which integrates narration and discussion, which has both the beauty of poetry and the fluency of prose, and the unity of rhyme and text. Although it is sometimes too late, which destroys the beauty of images and phonology of poetry and has the disadvantages of being complicated and obscure, from the perspective of creative themes and artistic skills, it is a backwash to utilitarian creative ideas at that time.