The Great Schism: Christianity officially split into the Greek Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church
The Great Schism refers to the two Christian schisms, the first of which was the Great Schism of the Eastern and Western Churches in the 11th century. It is divided into two major sects: Greek Orthodoxy (Oriental Orthodox Church) and Roman Catholicism (Universal Church in Rome). In the second great schism (or Reformation) between the old and new churches in the 15th century, Lutheranism (Lutheranism), Anglicanism (Anglicanism) and Reformed Christianity (Calvinism) were split from the Roman Catholic Church. , and then this small sect split again from the tribe. However, these two great schisms had the greatest impact and influence on the entire European Christian world. Since the second century, the Western Church, headed by Rome, and the Eastern Church, headed by Constantinople, have had differences in theology, church organization, discipline and other aspects due to their different ecclesiastical, political, social, cultural and other reasons. The differences gradually expanded and they argued endlessly, which eventually led to the Great Schism of the Eastern and Western Churches in 1054, forming the Catholic and Orthodox churches in the future.
The death of Master Atisha of Tibetan Buddhism
Venerable Atisha (Sanskrit name Atisha, 982 AD - 1054 AD), formerly known as Yuezang, had the auspicious name of Lantern Wisdom. Born in the city of Chaoyang, East Bengal, he re-established the Tibetan Buddhist Sangha, reaffirmed the precepts, and re-clarified the fundamental teachings of Buddhism. He was the Indian eminent monk who made the greatest contribution to Tibetan Buddhism in the later period. Atisha was born into a royal family. His father's name was Shan Sheng Ji Xiang and his mother's name was Ji Xiang Sheng Guang. At the age of eleven, Atisha went to the Nalanda Temple in Central India to get close to the Bodhisattva Master. Later, he followed Emperor Avadu, lived in the Vajra Seat, and learned renunciation and Madhyamaka. When he was eighteen years old, he went to Chaojie Temple and learned the secret Dharma from Naropa, the guardian of the North Gate. At the age of twenty-nine, he became a monk in the Theravada Precepts and learned the precepts and enlightenment according to the renunciation teachings of the popular teachings. Then he went to the seat of the Dharma-armored Commentator of Fei Fei Temple and listened to the "Viposha Zang". At the age of thirty-one, he went to Sumatra to study with Jinzhou Dharmaki and studied classics such as "The Treatise on the Solemnity of Present Viewing", "The Essentials of the Study", and "The Treatise on Entering the Bodhisattva's Conduct". He lived on the island for twelve years. During this period, he also went to Java Island to seek blessings, empowerment and tantric teachings from a beggar yogi. At the age of forty-four (AD 1025), he returned to India to serve as the abbot of Chaoji Temple and became a well-known scholar in India. At the age of fifty-eight, at the request of King Zhiguang of the Guge Dynasty, he decided to go to Tibet to preach the precepts and teach Buddhism. Founded the Kadam Sect. On August 18, 1054, he entered nirvana in Nietang.
Chinese astronomers observed a supernova in the constellation Taurus
Kepler Supernova A supernova is a violent explosion that some stars experience when they are near the end of their evolution. Such explosions are extremely bright, and the bursts of electromagnetic radiation often illuminate the entire galaxy where they are located, and can last for weeks to months before gradually fading and becoming invisible. The energy radiated by a supernova during this period is comparable to the total energy radiated by the Sun during its lifetime. When a star explodes, it throws most or almost all of its material outward at speeds of up to one-tenth the speed of light, radiating shock waves into the surrounding interstellar material. This shock wave causes the formation of an expanding shell of gas and dust called a supernova remnant.