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(Tang Dynasty) Du Mu
Far up the Hanshan Mountain, the stone path is sloping,
There are people living in Baiyun.
Stop and sit in the maple forest at night,
Frost leaves are as red as February flowers.
Translation
The stone road winds far away from the cliff, and there are few houses where the white clouds rise. I parked the car just because I loved the maple forest in the evening. After the frost, the maple leaves were even redder than the flowers in February.
Notes
1. Mountain walking: walking in the mountains.
2. Hanshan: refers to the mountains in late autumn.
3. Path: path.
4. skew: This character is pronounced xiá, which means reaching.
5. Sitting: Because
Appreciation
Through the poet's emotional tendency, the poem uses the maple forest as the main scene to paint a picture of warm and gorgeous colors. Autumn color picture of mountains and forests. The stone path leading up to Qiu Mountain in the distance first gives readers a distant view. The top of the mountain road is a place shrouded in white clouds. The road is made by people, so the white clouds are lingering but not ethereal. The cold mountains contain life, and the sentence "where the white clouds are born, there are people" becomes a natural thing. However, this is just building momentum for the next two sentences. Next, the poet clearly tells the reader that I am still parking in front of the mountain so late, just because the mountain in front of me is in full swing, better than the maple leaves of spring flowers. Compared with the white clouds in the distance and the houses that may not be visible, the maple forest is full of the pure beauty and vitality of life.
Brief Analysis
This is a seven-character quatrain that describes and praises the scenery of mountains and forests in late autumn.
The first sentence, "The stone path on the cold mountain in the distance is slanted", writes from bottom to top, a stone path winding towards the mountains full of autumn. The word "cold" points out the late autumn season; the word "yuan" expresses the length of the mountain road; the word "slant" echoes the word "yuan" at the beginning of the sentence, describing the high and gentle mountain terrain. Since the slope is not steep, you can travel around the mountain by car.
The second sentence, "There are people living in the white clouds," describes the distant scenery the poet saw when he was walking in the mountains. The word "生" vividly expresses the various dynamics of white clouds rising, lingering and floating, and also indicates that the mountain is very high. The three words "someone's home" will make people think of the smoke curling from the kitchen, the crowing of chickens and the barking of dogs, thus making people feel that the mountains are full of life, without any fear of death. The word "someone's home" also refers to the "stone path" in the previous sentence, because this "stone path" is the passage for residents in the mountains.
The word "si" in the third sentence "Stop and sit in love with Fenglin at night" is interpreted as "because". Because the evening view of the maple forest at sunset was so charming, the poet stopped to watch it. The word "night" in this sentence is used extremely delicately, and it contains multiple meanings: (1) It points out that the first two sentences are what you see during the day, and the last two sentences are about the scenery in the evening. (2) Because there is sunset only in the evening, the gorgeous sunset glow and the red maple leaves complement each other, making the maple forest particularly beautiful. (3) The poet lingered so much that in the evening, he was reluctant to board the car and leave, which shows that he loves the red leaves very much. (4) Because I parked the car for a long time and observed the details, I was able to understand the fourth sentence, "Frost leaves are as red as February flowers." This is a wise and interesting aphorism.
"Frost leaves are as red as February flowers", this is the central sentence of the whole poem. The descriptions in the first three sentences are all foreshadowing and setting off this sentence. Why does the poet use "hongyu" instead of "hongru"? Because "red as" is just like spring flowers, it only decorates the natural beauty; while "red as" is incomparable to spring flowers. It is not only more colorful, but also more cold-resistant and can withstand the test of wind and frost.
This little poem is not only an impromptu chant of scenery, but also a chant of objects and aspirations. It is the expression of the poet's inner spiritual world and the sustenance of his aspirations and interests, so it can enlighten and encourage readers.
This poem describes the colors of autumn, showing a moving picture of autumn colors in mountains and forests. The poem describes mountain roads, people's homes, white clouds, and red leaves, forming a harmonious and unified picture. These scenes are not juxtaposed with equal status, but are organically connected, with some masters and others slaves, some in the center of the picture, and some in a foil position. To put it simply, the first three sentences are objects, and the fourth sentence is subject. The first three sentences describe the background, create the atmosphere, and pave the way for the fourth sentence.
"The stone path is sloping up the cold mountain in the distance", writing about mountains and mountain roads. A winding path stretches towards the top of the mountain. The word "yuan" describes the length of the mountain road, and the word "slant" echoes the word "up" to describe the high and gentle mountain terrain.
"There is a family in the place where Baiyun was born." Write about clouds and people. The poet looked up along this mountain road. Where the white clouds floated, there were several stone houses and stone walls made of mountain rocks. The "people" here correspond to the "stone path" in the previous sentence - this mountain path is the passage up and down for those families, right? This organically links the two scenery together. There are white clouds hanging around, indicating that the mountain is very high. The poet uses the technique of crossing the clouds and breaking the mountains to block the readers' sight, but leaves room for imagination: above the white clouds, there must be mountains outside the clouds, there must be another kind of scenery, right?
The poet is only making objective descriptions of these scenery. Although the word "cold" is used, it is only to tease out the word "late" and "frost" below, and does not express the poet's emotional tendency. After all, it is just preparing for the subsequent description - outlining the environment where Maple Forest is located.
"Stop and sit in the evening to love Fenglin" is different. The tendency is already very clear and strong. The mountain road, white clouds, and people did not move the poet's heart, but the evening view of the maple forest made him unable to suppress his surprise. In order to stop and enjoy the scenery of the mountains and forests, I didn't even bother to drive. The scenery written in the first two sentences is already very beautiful, but what the poet loves is the maple forest. Through the contrast between the front and back, the ground has been laid for the description of the maple forest, and the momentum is sufficient, so it is a matter of course, leading to the fourth sentence, which points out the reason for loving the maple forest.
"Frost leaves are as red as February flowers", completes the third sentence, and the beautiful scenery of a late autumn maple forest is concretely displayed in front of us. The poet was pleasantly surprised to find that under the evening light of the setting sun, the maple leaves were flowing red, and the forests were dyed. The mountains were covered with cloud brocade, like shimmering clouds. It was redder and more gorgeous than the spring flowers in February in the south of the Yangtze River! What is commendable is that through this piece of red, the poet saw that the vitality of autumn like spring makes the autumn mountains and forests present a warm and vibrant scene.
The poet did not sigh with sadness when autumn came like other feudal literati. What he praised was the beauty of nature’s autumn colors, which reflected a bold and upward spirit and a kind of heroic spirit. The brush tip of the pen shows the poet's talent and insight. This is a hymn to autumn colors.
The fourth sentence is the center of the whole poem. It was written by the poet with great concentration and concentration. Not only the sparse scenery in the first two sentences serves as a foil for this gorgeous autumn scenery, but even the sentence "stop and sit in the maple forest at night" seems to be a lyrical narrative, but actually plays the role of setting off the scenery: the parking and looking, intoxicated and intoxicated. The poet has also become part of the scenery. With this scene, the charm of autumn colors is even more apparent. But after one rewrite, it stops abruptly and becomes full of melodious sentiment and endless aftertaste.
About the author
Du Mu (803 ~ about 852) was a poet of the Tang Dynasty, with the courtesy name Muzhi and the name Fanchuan Jushi. He was of Han nationality and was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi'an, Shaanxi). He was born into a noble family, and his grandfather Du You was a famous prime minister and historian in the middle Tang Dynasty. In his later years, Du Mu served as a member of Zhongshushe and lived in Fanchuan Villa in the south of Chang'an City. Later generations called him "Du Ziwei" and "Du Fanchuan". Life Du Mu lived in the late Tang Dynasty when internal and external troubles were deepening. He had been concerned about state affairs since his youth and had the ideal of saving the country from danger and restoring the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty. When he was 23 years old, he wrote "A Fang Palace Ode", which took the Qin Dynasty's abuse of people's power and extravagance to subjugate the country as a warning, and sounded the alarm to the rulers of this dynasty.
[Edit this paragraph] Xiang Si·Shan Xing
Original text
There are people in the deep green forest, and there are several families with a canal of flowing water.
At noon that day, the mountain returned to the shadow of its peak, with mud marks on the grass past the deer.
The steaming steam of tea comes out of the hut, and the sound of silk silk can be heard through the bamboo fence.
When I meet a customer who returns from selling medicine, I will not hesitate to follow him to the island.
Appreciation
In addition to serving as a minor official in Dantu County, Xiang Si has lived in the grasslands for a long time and is very familiar with the mountain scenery. This song "Mountain Travel" is about mountain villages and wild scenes. Due to the poet's meticulous observation and profound experience, the poems written are fresh, delicate, appropriate and lifelike. It is as fascinating to read as it is to hear and see.
"There are people in the deep green forest, and there are many families in the canal of flowing water." He started to write to show the beautiful scenery in the mountains - there are scenery, people and villages. The words "Yi" and "fen" are very vivid. The word "Yi" indicates that although Tochigi here has become a deep forest, it is not uninhabited, but "there are people". There must be a village for everyone, but the poet did not say directly that "there is a village", but said that a stream is shared by several families, which is extraordinary. Here is a forest, a stream, several families, and a picture of a beautiful mountain village, all drawn from the fourteen characters.
The second couplet describes the scene in more detail. The poet used the "spotting method" to select two common things, "noon on the mountain" and "mud marks on the grass", to write a very unusual poetic scene. At first glance, "Mountain Day Noon" seems unremarkable, but once the "Back Peak Shadow" is rendered, the beauty of the channel of flowing water, the reflection of the strange peaks, and the rippling waves immediately appears. Similarly, "mud marks on the grass" are very common, but once "passing a herd of deer" is used to exaggerate it, the gratifying scene of a herd of deer racing and their hooves falling into the grass immediately comes into view. "Spot dyeing" is originally a technique of Chinese painting. One point is dyed, with different light and shade, distance and depth, making the scene more vivid on the paper. The wonderful use of "spotting" in the poem has the same effect. It is strange in the ordinary, strange and ordinary. The two are cause and effect and complement each other. Just imagine, just saying "noon on the mountain" and "mud marks on the grass" are of course boring. Even just saying "the shadow of the peak" and "passing the deer group" are also boring. Only the first four words are used to "dot", and then the third word is used to add "dye", so the two pictures in this couplet immediately show the dynamic and beautiful realm to the readers.
In the third couplet, the poet accurately captures the most distinctive things in the mountain village in late spring-roasting tea and pulling cocoons to develop the artistic conception of the poem. Cleverly, the poet did not directly describe how the farmers in the mountain village were busy picking up tea, dividing tea, frying tea, boiling cocoons, uncoiling pupae, and spinning silk. Instead, he only said that he could smell the fragrance of steaming tea in the smoke rising from the hut; The sound of silk threads can be heard while leaning against the bamboo fence, allowing readers to experience the grand scene of the harvest by themselves. Here, the artistic conception created by the poet makes readers feel more intimate with the help of synaesthesia.
According to the poetic development, the last couplet seems to be about the poet entering the mountain village. But otherwise, "Whenever a visitor comes back from selling medicine, he will not hesitate to follow him to the island."
"When the poet was walking, he met an old man who came back from selling medicinal materials, and he followed the old medicine farmer into the misty mountain island clouds. This ending is meaningful and is the purpose of the poem. Why does the poet Instead of joining the steaming tea-making mountain village, he fled to the deserted Yunshan? The poem says: "It is so clumsy to offer gifts, but you will not be ashamed to return home when time passes" ("Returning Home to the Mountains"). The "no shame to return" mentioned here also expresses the poet's mood of refusing to be an official and willing to hide in the mountains and forests. "We will not hesitate to follow each other into the island clouds", as the last sentence seems to be closed but not closed, the lingering rhyme is lingering.
This poem is characterized by its ingenious conception, changing shapes with each step, and the clear layers. It describes the author's experiences in and outside the village. The scenery is bright, lyrical and meaningful; the environment is profound.
About the author
[Tang Dynasty] (lived around 836 AD), named Ziqian, was born in Jiangdong. His birth and death years are unknown. He lived around the beginning of Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty. He was hiding in Chaoyang Peak in the early days, leaning on a stone and drinking from the spring. When it was completed more than 30 years ago, it was highly praised and was especially appreciated by Zhang Ji. Yang Jingzhi once sent a poem saying: "I have seen that your poems are always good, and the style of observation is better than poetry." He never understood the kindness of Tibetan people, and he always said "Xiang Si" when he met people everywhere. His name was outstanding. In the fourth year of Huichang (AD 844), he won the first place. He served as a lieutenant of Danyang County in Runzhou and died in his post. The author of a volume of poetry, "New Tang Calligraphy and Literature Chronicles" has been handed down to the world.
Xiang Si, courtesy name Ziqian, was born at the foot of Chaoyang Mountain in the east of Xianju County (now Xiangsikeng Village, Yangfu Township), and died. The age is unknown. Xiang Si was the first Jinshi in Taizhou and the first poet in Taizhou to become a national poet. There are 88 poems in one volume in Taizhou. Listed as one of the Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty. Although Xiang Si is not as famous as Li Bai, Du Fu and other famous poets in the Tang Dynasty, he was also a very active figure in the poetry circle at that time, and was the first person in Taizhou to be famous in the country. An influential poet, he has an undoubted historical position in the history of Xianju County.
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