Exposing, satirizing and attacking the extravagance and corruption of the feudal upper ruling group is an important aspect of Han Yuefu. "Cockcrow", "Meeting" and "A Narrow Slant Line in Chang 'an" are all entertainment songs in the Western Han Dynasty, and their poems are similar, which may be "songs of different words" pieced together and separated in circulation. But they have their own satire. "Ji Ming" eulogizes the luxury of princes' mansions in the era of "peace in the world", and exposes their erosion and corruption in the narrative. At the end of the article, the metaphor of "plum trees instead of peaches" is used to gently point out that they have been eroded and advise each other not to forget. There is a narrow line in Chang 'an, which concentrates the wealth and splendor of a noble family with three sons and three daughters. In the descriptions of "the boy has no official position, and the clothes officer is Luoyang" and "the little woman has nothing to do, helping the high school", it satirizes the children of the world who rely on power to dress. This kind of allegory is euphemistic, and the biting irony comes from the song of Disciples. Emperor Wen of Han moved his brother Liu Chang to be the king of Huainan. Huainan folk songs ridiculed him as an emperor and rich in the world, but "the two brothers are incompatible. Song of the Empress Wei accused Wei Zifu of dominating the world and indirectly satirized Emperor Wu. When the Song of the Stone Supervisor satirized the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, the eunuch Shi Xian was party member, an official and reprinted. " Song of the Five Emperors criticized the concubine of Emperor Han Chengdi, Quyang, for crossing Chang 'an City and drawing water to build a house garden, which was contemptuous. There are also a lot of nursery rhymes mocking all kinds of nasty phenomena. Such as: "raise under the stove, the corps commander; -sheep belly, riding captain; -Sheep Head Shanhaiguan is a satire on Wang Liuxuan's abuse of official position in Huaiyang; "Straight as a string, dead end; Song Dynasty, such as Hook, sealed Hou ",and then exposed the cruel loyalty and rewarded □ These sharp sarcasm directed at the folk songs of the feudal ruling group, touched the crux and bane of politics in the Han Dynasty, and truly, profoundly and powerfully expressed the people's hatred and resentment.
Expressing people's miserable life experiences and struggling emotions is another important aspect of the Second Han Yuefu. A trip to the East Gate describes a man who is forced to take risks for his livelihood, and his wife and children beg him not to take risks. He shouted flatly, "Duh! All right! I went too late, and it's hard to live long when my hair is white! " Poverty and despair made him angrily embark on the road of resistance. "Gynecological Diseases" describes a man whose wife is dead, his children are young, and he has no food and clothing. He can only lock orphans at home and beg on the streets himself. When he came home and entered the door, "I saw the orphan crying and holding his mother, wandering in the empty house", and he sighed sadly: "Go back to your ear!" Seeing an orphan will die as tragically as his mother. Worse than the fate of such orphans, some orphans whose parents died were cruelly enslaved by their brothers and sisters. The trip to stay in other places and the trip to orphans reflect such social reality. Obviously, the tragic experience of orphans also reflected the living conditions of handmaiden at that time. Therefore, this part of the works that show the life of orphans not only involves family problems, but also exposes the cruelty of exploiters, which has profound social significance.
There are also some works in the two Han Yuefu mainly reflecting the pain brought by the war to the people. For example, "The Battle of the South of the City" describes the grim and tragic scene of no bones left on the battlefield and the neighing of war horses. The poet sadly asked the crow to wail for the soldiers before pecking at the corpse; He denounced the injustice and sin of the rulers and pointed out: "If you don't get any food from the monarch, you may get it for the loyal subjects!" " On the other hand, the tragic experience of a veteran in the fifteenth enlistment exposed the darkness of the military service system at that time. He joined the army when he was young, and the boss went back to his hometown, only to see his family ruined and his relatives and friends withered. He collects all kinds of wild vegetables and cooks by himself. "I don't know who will be embarrassed when the soup is cooked for a while." He leaned against the door, looked blankly at the east, and couldn't help crying. In addition, "East Light" sang the pain of soldiers and condemned the unjust war; "Wheat Ballad" reveals the destruction of war on production: "The wheat is green and the barley is withered. Who will get his wife menstruation?"
Pursuing faithful love and happy marriage and resisting the shackles of feudal ethics are the outstanding contents of the two Han Yuefu poems. Most of these works are dominated by women. The "evil" and "thinking" in Song of Songs are folk love songs rarely processed by literati, which are rough, warm, lively and refreshing. "Shangxie" pursues love and is determined to win: "There are no mountains and rivers, Lei Zhen in winter, rain and snow in summer, and heaven and earth are one, but dare to be with you!" "Thinking" hates changing your mind, "ruining" the gift that should have been given to your lover, "when the wind blows up its ashes. From now on, don't be lovesick, lovesick gentleman! " Ballad of White Stone is a "street rumor" with profound thoughts, meticulous feelings and the bearing of urban women. In the poem, women openly and informally tell themselves, fight wits and bravely with lovers who have two hearts, express the sadness of inner lovelorn, express the expectation of "being willing to be single-minded and never leaving", and generously demand that "men value spirit, why use money and knives?" However, under the feudal system, women were in a subordinate position and were often played and abandoned. Taking the fan as a metaphor, The Song of Complaints expresses the anxiety of being abandoned: "I am always afraid that the autumn festival will come, and the coolness will seize the heat. Abandon donations, and be kind. " Song Zihou's Dong Jiaorao describes the dialogue between Luoyang women and roadside peaches and plums. Sadly, a woman's life is thinner than a flower, which can "scatter spring fragrance in autumn", but a woman "forgets in her prime". This kind of poetry profoundly reflects the status and destiny of women in feudal society.
There are also two works in Han Yuefu that enthusiastically praise the beauty, kindness, wit and courage of women; Praise their persistent pursuit and unyielding resistance. Luo Fu, a beautiful woman in Shang Mo Sang, mocked the flirtation of repelling the satrap by boasting about her husband's official prestige, praised Luo Fu's intelligence and faithfulness, and exposed the ugly soul of bureaucrats. Xin Yannian wrote an article in Lin Yulang, denouncing Huo Jia's slave Feng Zi, exposing the evil of the consorts in the Eastern Han Dynasty through the story of the Western Han Dynasty, and praising the just resistance of brothers and women. "Longxi" humorously eulogizes a housewife who is good at coping with reception, praising "it is better to bring women like this than Qijiang. A healthy woman holding the door is better than a husband. " I admire women's talent as much as men's. "Going Up the Mountain to Pick Novels" is about a man who abandoned his wife and met his ex-husband. Through their conversation, people who like the new and hate the old can express their regret that "new people are not as good as old people", thus flogging ungrateful people. Among these works, the most outstanding is the long narrative poem Peacock Flying Southeast. It takes the real events that happened in Jian 'an period at the end of Han Dynasty as the theme, expresses the young men and women's pursuit of love and happiness through the marriage tragedy of Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing, and accuses the evil of feudal ethics.
It is another important content of the two Han Yuefu poems to describe the depression of the lower-class scribes who run for their official careers and are trapped in different places. These works are mainly written by lower-class literati, and some of them were handed down as "ancient poems" in the Six Dynasties, such as Driving to the East Gate, Lonely Bamboo in Ran Ran, Green Mausoleum on the Green cypress and so on. , was included in Nineteen Ancient Poems by Selected Works. As far as the specific theme of the works is concerned, most of them belong to the lyric poems of wandering souls homesick, worried about their wives and worried about their boudoir. For example, "Song of Songs Wushan Gao" describes a wanderer stranded in Sichuan, expressing the homesickness of "people far away are thinking about going home"; The homesickness of Alakazam, a writer of "ancient songs"; "Drinking Horses in the Cave of the Great Wall" and "Grass by the Qingqing River" are words of a woman's yearning, which describe her emotional changes when she receives a letter from a wanderer and vividly express her love and anxiety. "Ran Ran Alone Bamboo" is about thinking of women's sadness when they are newly married. This kind of works shows in detail the frustration of the lower literati at that time and their desire to pursue family reunion.
There are also some works that express ambition, experience and cynicism in wandering poems. "Long Songs" and "Green Garden Kwai" are inspirational poems, and "If a teenager doesn't work hard, the boss will be sad" has become the motto; In Roaring Tiger, "Hungry don't eat tigers, dusk don't eat wild birds" to encourage wanderers not to violate the etiquette. But wandering life is full of pain and frustration, so more works are to express their anger. A wanderer in a foreign land written in Ge Yanxing was suspected and misunderstood by his master because of the concern of a virtuous housewife, and he was deeply wronged that "it is better to travel far than to go home". "Planting Wheat in Takada" takes Takada as an analogy, and expresses the bitterness that "people are not haggard in a foreign land". Dead fish crying across the river exposes the darkness and danger of feudal society in the form of fable, warning associates to "learn from each other and be careful to get in and out" and be wary of falling into the trap. However, his works such as Driving to the East Gate and Green Mausoleum on Cypress, etc. Expressing negative thoughts and emotions caused by disappointment, such as life is a godsend, eating and drinking in time, living forever, etc., there are also grievances, which reflect the ideological situation of some scholars in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
In addition, there are some works praising honest officials and describing social customs in the two Han Yuefu poems. The former, such as Wild Goose Gate, and the latter, such as storytelling in Jiangnan and the city, are all better works. Together with the above works, they constitute a historical picture of social life in the Han Dynasty.