According to Old Tang Book; "Since Kaiyuan (the year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty), singers have mixed the songs of Okoyi Lane." At that time, there were many talented musicians in the city who made a living by singing. According to the need to coordinate the lyrics with the music beat, they created or adapted some long and short sentence lyrics, which are the earliest words. It can also be seen from Dunhuang Quzi Ci that the words produced by the people are decades earlier than those created by the literati.
After entering the Song Dynasty, famous artists came forth in large numbers and experienced the prosperity of ci, and the creation of ci was greatly improved and developed in the hands of great poets such as Su Shi and Xin Qiji. Song Ci is on an equal footing with Tang Poetry, which is regarded as the victory of a generation of literature by later generations. But at the same time, folk words are ignored or even buried.
Ci reached its peak in Song Dynasty, declined for more than 300 years in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and re-entered the development state in Qing Dynasty. In the history of literature, Ci has become a popular literary genre with its unique musical beauty, intricate rhythm, uneven syntax and strong and profound emotional expression.
Extended data
The original name of the word is "Quci" or "Quci", also known as long and short sentences, songs, Quci, musical movements, musical tastes, poems, and accompanied by music. From the music point of view, it is the same literary genre as Yuefu, and it also comes from folk literature. Later, like Yuefu, Ci gradually separated from music and became a unique poetic style, so some people called Ci "poetry". Scholars' Ci is deeply influenced by metrical poems, so there are many metrical sentences in Ci. There are long words and short sentences, but the number of words in the whole article is certain. The level of each sentence is also certain
Characters can be roughly divided into three categories: (1) Xiao Ling (less than 58 words); (2) alto (59-90 words); (3) Long tune (above 9 1 word). This method was imposed by the Ming Dynasty and unscientific. Song people divided ci into four categories: preface, introduction, proximity and delay. However, this method also has the disadvantage of unclear classification. Simply put, preface is a small preface, quotation and approximate contract are equal to the middle tone, and slow word is the so-called long tone. (There are 60 words for Butterfly Lovers and 70 words for Jiangchengzi, but in the Song Dynasty, they all belong to the preface.)
There are already some medium-long tunes in Dunhuang Quzi Ci. Liu Yong wrote some long tunes in the early Song Dynasty. Su Shi, Qin Guan, Huang Tingjian and others followed suit, and the long tune quickly moved from bud to peak. The characteristics of long tunes, in addition to the large number of words, are that the rhyme is generally sparse.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Ci (literary genre)