Lu Xun’s love and marriage
——Also refute the false rumors
□Chen Shuyu
The real love experience in Lu Xun’s life was given by Xu Guangping He brought it. The process of Lu Xun and Xu Guangping from acquaintance to knowing each other and falling in love has been introduced in detail in monographs such as "The Life of Xu Guangping" and "The Story of Xu Guangping" . Last year, CCTV, Zhejiang TV, and Shaoxing TV jointly produced 20 episodes of the TV series "Lu Xun and Xu Guangping", which will soon be shown on the screen to a broad audience. In this short article, there is no need to spend more time retelling the well-known content. I only want to focus on the ideological basis and some vivid details of their love.
From a secular perspective, there are many obstacles to the marriage between Lu Xun and Xu Guangping: in terms of age,
there is a difference of eighteen years between the two parties; in terms of appearance, Lu Xun is short and He has no special charm; in terms of money, Lu Xun not only has a heavy family burden, but also has debts due to the purchase of the apartment at No. 21 Xisantiao, Beijing; in terms of status, Lu Xun is certainly in the literary world He enjoyed a high reputation, but at that time he was dismissed from his post as a minister by the Beiyang Government's Ministry of Education for supporting the Progressive Student Movement, and was even in danger of being wanted. The biggest obstacle was that Lu Xun had a formal wife. If he divorced, according to Shaoxing's old customs, the woman would be discriminated against because of being "divorced", and the consequences would be disastrous. Lu Xunning
I would like to sacrifice my whole life with him, but I don't want to hurt the opposite sex who is innocent but has no love. However,
Xu Guangping still took the initiative and boldly offered his pure love to Lu Xun. The fundamental reason was that
they had the same experience of being deeply harmed by feudal arranged marriages. (Xu Guangping was just three days old when she was "married" by her drunken father, who betrothed her to a son of an evil gentry. She fled the marriage and divorced her family, and went north to study. ), and had the same communist thoughts that resisted the old society, old ethics, and old education.
The only way she and Lu Xun could combine was to live together. Xu Guangping later made a clear explanation for this: "We believe that the life of the two sexes is not bound by any aspect other than the parties involved, but they are in love with each other and treat each other as comrades." Treating each other equally, respecting each other, and trusting each other, there is no need to have any conventions. Aren't we going to break all the old ethics? On the one hand, I am dissatisfied. There is absolutely no need to quarrel, and there is no need to
resolve it with the law. I am prepared to always be able to make a living on my own. If necessary, then everyone immediately goes his own way..." ("The Process of "Lu Xun Chronicle"",
Originally published in the second issue of Shanghai "Universal Wind" on September 16, 1940).
The process and details of the love between Lu Xun and Xu Guangping are roughly as follows - they
met in October 1923, when Lu Xun began to concurrently serve as the director of Beijing Women's Higher Normal School ( Later renamed Beijing Women's Normal University), he taught the history of Chinese novels for one hour every week, and Xu Guangping was a second-year student in the Chinese Department of the school. In the thirty o'clock classes every week, she is most looking forward to listening to the history of novels, and she often chooses a seat in the first row during class. At school, Lu Xun was a teacher who could not find a single bad comment among his students, while Xu Guangping was a primary school student who liked to ask questions bluntly during lectures. They met on March 11, 1925, when there was a student uprising against President Yang Yinyu at the Women's Normal University. Xu Guangping, the director-general of the Student Government Association, was one of the students in the uprising. backbone. In order to relieve the depression of the times and explore the future of Chinese women's education, she took the initiative to write her first letter to Lu Xun. From then on, they supported each other in their struggles, helped each other in their careers, and cared for each other in their lives. They fell in love on October 20, 1925 (this date is absolutely correct, but the author is not prepared to disclose the source of the material yet). In the evening of this day, Lu Xun sat on the wicker chair next to the desk in the studio of Lu Xun's Nisanjo residence - "Tiger Tail", and Xu Guangping sat on Lu Xun's desk. At the bedside, 27-year-old Xu Guangping first held Lu Xun's hand, and Lu Xun responded with a gentle and slow squeeze to Xu Guangping. The violent beating of Xu Guangping's pulse coincided with Lu Xun's increasingly rapid breathing. So, Lu Xun first said to Xu Guangping: "You have won!"
Xu Guangping couldn't help but smile shyly. (For the above details, please refer to Xu Guangping: "Fengzi is my love...", originally published in "Lu Xun Research Trends" Issue 1, 1985). Then, the two kissed passionately
. The next day, Lu Xun, who had just finished writing the novel "The Lonely" in four days, finished it in one breath - "Sorrow", a novel full of life philosophy and lyrical color with the theme of marriage and love.
On October 3, 1927, Lu Xun and Xu Guangping finally began their cohabitation life in Shanghai. Lu Xun admitted that throughout the whole process of his marriage with Xu Guangping, Xu Guangping was much more decisive than him.
In order to give readers a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of Lu Xun's marriage and love life, it is necessary to clarify some rumors and refute some fallacies.
Most of these rumors and fallacies are thrown out under the banner of opposing the deification of Lu Xun. However, because they are contrary to the facts, they cannot achieve the purpose of restoring the historical figure's original appearance. It can confuse authenticity and confusion, and confuse people. As far as the author knows, there are the following types:
First, second, Xu Zhenglu said. When talking about Lu Xun's marriage and love life, some Chinese and foreign researchers often mention Xu Xiansu. Some people even used straightforward or subtle words to mystify the relationship between Lu Xun and Xu Xiansu, believing that their relationship went beyond friendship. There are two main basis for making this judgment
1. Lu Xun’s student and friend Sun Fuyuan once said to people: “L (note: referring to Lu Xun)’s family
Not only do they often have male There are often female students among students, but L prefers the taller one because she is the most talented." (Lu Xun to Xu Guangping on September 30, 1926) "The taller one" refers to Xu Guangping. , the shorter one refers to Xu Xiansu. 2. According to Lu Xun’s own statistics, Lu Xun wrote as many as 110 letters to Xu Xiansu, 30 more than the letters to Xu Guangping, while Xu Xiansu also wrote 96 letters to Lu Xun.
In addition, Xu Xiansu once managed the accounts and books of Lu Xun's residence in Beijing. He also knitted sweaters,
scarves and woolen vests for Lu Xun. However, the above facts can only show that Lu Xun and Xu Xiansu have a close relationship, but cannot prove that there are emotions between them that go beyond friendship. For example, the theory of Lu Xun and the "Two Xus" was originally a rumor spread by Sun Fuyuan. Lu Xun expressed dissatisfaction with this in the same letter, thinking that this statement was "just like Fu Yuan's Human beings are insignificant.” As for the correspondence between Lu Xun and Xu Xiansu, it was basically after Lu Xun and Xu Guangping fell in love and went south. Because Lu Xun often needed to access books, periodicals and rubbings stored in his residence in Beijing, he had to entrust Xu Xiansu, Lu Rui and Zhu An's housekeeper, to send them on their behalf. The contents of these letters back and forth were mostly of a transactional nature and had no hidden content, nor were they intended by some famous writer to express Lu Xun's "atonement" mood. In 1931, Xu Xiansu went to the famous Hebei Fifth Women's Normal School to teach. Before leaving Beijing, she bundled the letters sent to her by Lu Xun into a package and handed them to Zhu An with her own hands. This shows that there is no mysterious content in these letters. Xu Xiansu knitted wool for Lu Xun
It was commissioned by Lu Xun's mother, and it was not an expression of extraordinary emotions.
Two, I have a crush on Xiao Hong. Some people think that both Lu Xun and Xiao Hong suffered the trauma of marriage prematurely
They both had lung disease and passionate and gloomy local emotions. They spoke many different languages ??and had a wide range of conversations.
It is thought that Lu Xun and Xiao Hong have a crush on each other subconsciously. The commentator also set up a doubt for readers: "Later, she (referring to Xiao Hong) left for Tokyo, but there was no news after her departure. This is quite costly. "Actually, Xiao Hong went to Tokyo in July 1936, and Xiao Jun went to Qingdao, and they were temporarily separated for one year. It was because Xiao Jun once fell in love with someone else, which made Xiao Hong feel painful. There was an emotional rift between them. This has nothing to do with Lu Xun. Even so, in Xiao Hong's letters to Xiao Jun during her trip to Japan, she still revealed her love for Xiao Jun from time to time. Xu Guangping mentioned in the article "Remembering Xiao Hong" that the reason why Lu Xun and Er Xiao were close was because they were "two people from the north who were unwilling to be slaves", and Xiao Hong also has a lively, cheerful and innocent character, so
"received them with the same affection as receiving her own brothers" (original publication on November 28, 1945
(Hai "Ta Kung Pao·Literature"). During the contact between Er Xiao and Lu Xun, Xiao Jun wrote many letters and Xiao Hong paid many visits. Because Lu Xun was ill at the time, Xu Guangping was most likely to accompany Xiao Hong when he came.
In Xiao Hong's mind, Lu Xun was a beloved mentor and a kind elder, leaving no room for speculation
emotions.
Third, the ambiguous relationship with the sister-in-law. This theory originated from the sudden rift between Lu Xun and his second brother Zhou Zuoren, and neither party disclosed the truth about the rift, leading to divergent opinions and disagreements.
In 1991, Mr. Qian Jiaju released a sensational news overseas: Zhou Zuoren’s Day
This wife, Yu Taixinzi, was once Lu Xun’s wife. The evidence is that Lu Xun in July 1912 A diary entry from the 10th.
The original text is: "Go to the Japanese post office in Dongjiaomin Lane before noon to send a letter to Yu Tai's family in Tokyo with ten yuan in silver." Qian Jiaju explained that "Yu Tai" is Yu Tai Xinzi, and Lu Xun sent the letter to Yu Tai Xinzi
>The letter is called a "family letter", which shows that they are husband and wife.
(Qian Jiaju: "The Relationship between Lu Xun and Yu Taixin
zi and Others", "Ming Pao Monthly" Issue 1, 1991) This misinterpretation not only deceived some people who were interested in Lu Xun Young people who are unfamiliar with him have also deceived some scholars and professors who have learned a lot.
Professors. Some people explain based on this that the "Lu" character in the pen name "Lu Xun" is taken from the surname of his mother Lu Rui, and "Xun" (xùn) and "信" (xìn) are homophones in the south. , refers to Yu Tai
Nobuko, so the pen name "Lu Xun" reflects the conflict between maternal love and sexual love deep in Lu Xun's heart.
The fact is: Nobuko Hata was the wife of Lu Xun’s second brother Zhou Zuoren. They got married in Japan in 1909.
Yu Taixinzi’s family is poor and has a large population—grandmother, parents, one brother and two sisters. In order to help Zhou Zuo and Yutai's family live, Lu Xun resolutely stopped studying abroad. Lu Xun said to his friend Xu Shoushang
"It's good for you to go back to China. I have no choice but to go back because Qimeng (Zhou Zuoren) is getting married.
From now on, the expenses will increase and I have to go back." I went to find something, and I almost had some help." ("The Seal of the Dead Friend Lu Xun
Xiang Ji") In May 1911, Zhou Zuoren and his wife returned to China. On May 16, 1912, Nobuko Hata gave birth to a son. His brother Yu Taichongjiu and his sister Yu Taifangzi came to Shaoxing to take care of the mother. Lu Xun sent a "letter from Hata's family" on July 10th. It was not a letter sent to Hata Nobuko, but a letter sent to Hata's family in Japan. At that time, Nobuko Hata was in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. He sent two letters to Lu Xun on June 12 and June 29. It was inferred that he seemed to be asking Lu Xun for money. Lu Xun's "letter to Yu Tai's family and ten yuan in silver" is obviously related to Yu Tai's letter from Nobuko. Lu Xun also wrote a letter to Yu Taixin's son. The diary stated that it was "a letter to his second brother's wife" rather than "a letter to Yu Taixin's family". It can be seen from this that what a ridiculous conclusion can be drawn if the literal meaning is taken literally.
Fourth, "washing the feet" refers to masturbation or other sexual behaviors. In Lu Xun's diary, there are occasional records of "night washing of the feet". Mao means washing. "Mencius · Li Lou Shang": "The clear water is used to wash the tassel, and the turbid water is enough." It means that clean water is used to wash the ribbon on the hat, and muddy water is used to wash the ribbon on the hat.
Wash your feet. "Canglang's Fisherman": "The water in Canglang is clear, so I can wash my tassel with it; the water in Canglang is turbid, I can wash my feet with it." Later, Zhuoying was used to express aloofness and self-preservation. The act of washing one's feet
is a code word for sexual behavior that is regarded as dirty by moralists. Because most people have the hygienic habit of washing their feet every day
but in Lu Xun's diary, the record of "washing the feet" sometimes did not appear for half a month or even several months
so some people suspected This is not foot washing in the general sense, but a lingo for sexual life or behavior. This understanding is also a false assumption. Because Lu Xun's diary is not the emperor's daily life notes,
it was written for his own reading, which is very arbitrary. Important things in life are often not recorded intentionally or unintentionally, and small things are often forgotten. What's more, Lu Xun did not wash his feet every day during his lifetime, especially in the cold winter. The records of foot-washing in Lu Xun's diary are intermittent, and there is nothing secretive in them.
For example, when Lu Xun lived alone in the Shaoxing County Museum in Beijing from 1915 to 1918, there was a record of "night massage" in his diary. There is no record of "washing the feet" in Yue's diary. It can be seen that "washing the feet" has nothing to do with sexual behavior. For another example, Lu Xun's diary shortly before his death (such as September 21, October 12, 1936) contains records of "night washing of the feet." At that time, Lu Xun was suffering from a fever and his condition was serious. Of course, he would not have the pleasure of sexual intercourse. Therefore, the "foot-washing" in Lu
Xun's diary should be interpreted truthfully as foot-washing, and other whims and interpretations should not be allowed.
Fifth, Lu Xun said about prostitutes. A few years ago, some writers at home and abroad who took it as their mission to fight against Lu also published another explosive news: "Lu Xun was sleeping with prostitutes." The evidence is: it appeared in Lu Xun's diary
The record of "Invite a prostitute to sit here and give you one yuan". After checking, this quotation comes from Lu Xun's diary on February 16, 1932. The following text is: "At night, all ten people in the house went to Tongbaotai to drink, and they were quite drunk.
Reply I went to Qinglian Pavilion to drink tea and invited a prostitute to sit down and give him one yuan. "The so-called "whole apartment" refers to Lu Xun's family of three and his third brother Zhou Jian's family. Like a prostitute, how can there be any reason to go with the whole family and bring your wife
? The fact is that the so-called "prostitutes" in the diary refer to women who became singing girls after the "January 28" Incident. "Come and sit down" is nothing more than a social survey through chatting. Lu Xun's old-style poems "Qijue · Hearing" and "Qijue · Untitled" composed in the same year all take the painful life of these lower-class women as their subjects. Therefore, this kind of rumor does not damage Lu Xun's personality at all.
It can only expose the darkness in the heart of the rumor maker.
In "The Second Collection of Qie Jie Ting's Essays: The Sixth Chapter of Undecided Titles", Lu Xun talked about the need to consider the whole person when discussing a writer: "If there are choices and give-offs, it is not the whole person." People, if added to the inflection, are further from reality.
For example, a warrior also fights, rests, eats, and naturally has sex. If we only take the last bit of him, we will draw a portrait. Come, hang up in a brothel, and be respected as a master of sexual intercourse. Of course, it cannot be said to be unfounded. However, isn't it unfair? "I think, when talking about the marriage and love life of writers, if It is even more undesirable to try to catch a shadow of the truth, copy the facts, or deviate from the facts and make things up out of thin air. This will definitely make the subject of the discussion suffer greater injustice.