Where should I learn to write poetry and prose?

How to Learn to Write Poetry Many friends like poetry and are interested in learning to write poetry, but they don't know where to start. I hope we can talk about this problem. To tell the truth, I don't know what to say about this problem. I don't have a master's degree in poetry writing, nor have I received systematic training in this field. I fumble in the dark and accumulate money, so I can't tell you why. I can only give you a suggestion based on my own experience for your reference. First of all, to learn a knowledge well, you must have a strong interest in this knowledge, and interest is the best teacher. When I was a child, I listened to my brother recite Chairman Mao's poems and was attracted by cadence. When I was in primary school, I was very interested in the poems in the textbook. I think the ups and downs and neat forms are beautiful. I began to read some poems after class and tried to write my own poems. When I was in primary school, I read many classical novels, which contained many poems, especially a dream of red mansions. I read it four times after graduating from primary school, and most of the poems in it can be memorized. My interest and hobby in classical literature was cultivated from an early age, and I laid the foundation from then on. After entering junior high school, I began to be obsessed with poetry. I will try my best to borrow and read every book of poetry I can borrow. You can't read a borrowed book whenever you want, just copy it, copy the whole book's poems in a notebook or on a cardboard, and copy it as long as you haven't read it. At that time, there were some selected poems, including 1,000 newly selected poems, 300 poems in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, 0/00 poems in Tang and Song Dynasties, and a part of Bai Juyi's selected poems, and a part of Xiao Difei's new translation of Du Fu's poems, totaling nearly 1,000 poems. Later, this book, together with the poems written before 1995, was lost in the relocation of the exhibition, leaving only two envelope cards. The obsession with poetry also affected my studies, and finally I didn't even get into high school. After joining the work, I have money in my hand, and most of my salary is used to buy books, mainly poetry and history. 1992, I started to make my own dictionary with all the selected words at hand. First, make a catalogue, put the works of the same epigraph in several books together, then analyze them one by one, test the similarities and differences, and list the word spectrum. Every night after the lights are turned off, my roommates fall asleep, and I still work late into the night with the lights on. This work continued intermittently until 1995. On the basis of more than seven selected works 10000, the tone pattern of more than 400 syllables was sorted out, but it was not finally completed. 1998 after returning from Yantai, the book was packed with three or four woven bags, two large cartons and a large camphor wood box. To learn something well, we must not only have a strong interest, but also have a down-to-earth attitude and perseverance, which is the premise. To learn poetry well, you must read more and recite more, and it is best to recite those classic works. The ancients said: "Three-point poems are read in seven points." Reading should be pronounced, so as to understand the rhythm of poetry and grasp the sense of language. As the saying goes, "If you are familiar with 300 Tang poems, you will slip if you can't write them", which means that on the basis of reading more and reading more, you can fully grasp the language sense of poems, and the poems written can be fluent in language, not blunt and obscure, and you can't read sentences. The above is only the first step, which is the accumulation stage of laying the foundation. When the accumulation is deep, you can enter the practical stage. So where should the practice start? I think we should start with the ancient style. This kind of ancient style is an ancient style poem that does not talk about meter, but is relative to the modern style poem that talks about meter, including ancient style, ancient rhyme, Yuefu songs and so on. This is not only my personal view, but also the view of many predecessors in poetry, such as Mr. Huo, a leading poet in poetry. I haven't read Teacher Huo's article. I know this view of Mr. Huo from other people's articles. The so-called "great minds think alike". Why should we start with the ancient style? The first hurdle in learning poetry writing is the language barrier. The language used to write poetry is different from our daily spoken and vernacular, but classical Chinese. Classical Chinese is not easy for us to master today, not to mention that the language of poetry is different from that of prose, which is even more difficult. Therefore, I suggest that you read more classic works to enhance your grasp of language sense. The first step in writing poetry is to write sentences fluently and conform to the linguistic norms of poetry, so that it can be poetic when read. Why not advocate learning the rules first? This is because metrical rules require more language and are more difficult, so we should start with the easy ones. It's like teaching a child to run. You can't tell him too much about the correct posture and rules of running. From the beginning, you bound his hands and feet with these rules. I'm afraid the child will never learn to run and never run fast. First of all, you should cultivate his quality, make him run fast, then standardize and get twice the result with half the effort. The same is true of learning poetry. If you are bound by the rules from the beginning, I am afraid you will never write a decent work. The first step is to make the language fluent, understand the meaning, and then enter the meter. Another advantage of this is that it is conducive to the development of the gas cell. Where the article focuses on qi, if its language is delicate and weak, it is not as good as coarse language and high qi. Of course, literature is the art of language first, and spirit cannot be separated from language, but it must be expressed through language, but a good article must have high spirit, otherwise it will not enter the product stream. Sentences are written fluently and clearly, and once the language has passed, you can learn the meter. I began to learn to write poetry from the ancient style, and I didn't start to learn meter until I was 20 years old. It is not easy to master metrical rules and write works that conform to metrical norms. Metric poetry has strict requirements on the tone of every word in the poem, and it is necessary to pay attention to flatness. Flat tone means that the tone should be flat and even; Sticking means that the first two words of the bottom part should be the same as the first two words of the top part, that is, flat sticking. Because the fluency of the first word of each sentence can often be ignored, the focus is on the second word. Seven-character rhyme, the words two, four and six in the third sentence must be flush with the words two, four and six in the second sentence, the words two, four and six in the fifth sentence must be flush with the words two, four and six in the fourth sentence and the words two, four and six in the seventh sentence must be flush with the sixth sentence. Yes, that is, in a couplet, the upper and lower couplets should be flat and flat, and the focus is also on the second, fourth and sixth characters, so there is also a saying that "one, three, five, two, four and six are distinct" (this statement does not apply to all sentence patterns). There are also strict requirements for the rhyme of a poem, and the rhyming part must be used at the end, and no rhyme can be produced. The key point in writing metrical poems is to judge the pronunciation and choose words, that is, to accurately grasp the pronunciation of each word and choose words with accurate pronunciation and meaning to express it. Usually, we only need to use accurate words in prose, but we must also consider accurate pronunciation in rhyme. In antithetical couplets, it is more difficult not only to have accurate meaning and pronunciation, but also to have accurate part of speech and neat antithesis. On the one hand, we should have an accurate foundation of Putonghua, on the other hand, we should rely on the usual vocabulary accumulation and master more vocabulary. If A is not harmonious, use B with the same or similar meaning as A, use C if B is not good, and use D if C is not good. Accumulating vocabulary is inseparable from reading more books on weekdays. I'm afraid the most difficult thing to write metrical poems is antithesis. Because regular poetry was a compulsory course for every student in ancient times, the training in this area began very early. We can see from Lu Xun's "From a Hundred Herbs Garden to a Three-Pond Moon" that they had to attend classes every day when they were young, that is, they trained in pairs. This kind of training from one word to two words and then to three words gradually increases the number and difficulty of words. The ancients also compiled books that specially trained children to learn pronunciation, such as Xun Meng Pian Sentence by Si Shouqian in Ming Dynasty, Li Yu Yun Dui by Li Yu in Qing Dynasty and Tone Enlightenment by Che. , are all enlightenment textbooks in this area. Although the contents of these books are far from our modern life, they are still helpful for us to learn duality. It will be easier to read these antithetical poems. In addition, during the Ming and Qing dynasties, people compiled a book "Study in Qionglin", which is also helpful for learning antithesis. Study in Qionglin is a parallel prose, and the whole book uses antithetical sentences, which is easy to read and remember. Encyclopedia is profound and all-encompassing, and it is called the ancient encyclopedia of China. As the saying goes, "you can speak after reading augmented, and you can walk the world after reading kindergarten." There are many introductions to the origin of many idioms in the book, and readers can master many idioms and allusions. In addition, they can learn about China's ancient celebrities, astronomy and geography, laws and regulations, customs and etiquette, birth and death, weddings and funerals, birds and animals, flowers and trees, court officials, dieters, court treasures, cultural affairs, Buddhist ghosts and many other aspects. There are still many aphorisms in the book, which are still being recited today.