Homework 1
First, fill in the blanks:
1. The "three major ethnic groups" of Han nationality in eastern Lingnan refer to Guangfu ethnic group, Hakka ethnic group and Fulao ethnic group.
2. Guangfu ethnic group is the earliest identity of residents among the three major ethnic groups in Lingnan, which can best represent the cultural characteristics of Lingnan.
3. The local ethnic minorities in Guangdong mainly include Li, Zhuang and She.
4. The earliest record of "barbarians" is Huayangzhi in Jin Dynasty.
Guangxiao Temple is the oldest existing Buddhist temple in Guangzhou.
Second, the name explanation
1, fulao nationality
A: Fulao people refer to groups that speak Minnan dialect and northern Fujian dialect. They are distributed in Chaozhou, Shantou and Hainan Island, and some have moved from Fujian to Guangxi.
2. Egg Man
A: "Egg people" are all water houses. Because there is no fixed regional residence, they think that family boats are drifting and widely distributed, and their physical characteristics are similar to those of land residents in the water network areas of counties in the Pearl River Estuary. The common language of their group is Cantonese. Although there are some phonetic variations, no special elements belonging to other language families have been found, so it has not been recognized as a "nation" after liberation.
3. "Sanmei Mountain"
It was named after Liu Sanmei who sat on a rock.
4. Hui Neng
Answer: Huineng means: those who benefit, benefit all beings and promote all beings; Almighty, magical, extraordinary.
5. Good Cantonese songs
A: The songs that Cantonese people use to welcome guests at festivals include: flower sending songs, folk songs and so on, all of which can be called "Guangdong folk songs".
Third, short answer questions
1. Try to summarize the charm features of Baiyue ancients.
A: The charm of Baiyue ancients is reflected in the customs and culture of Li, Zhuang and She nationalities. For example, the custom of tattooing Li women's faces, Zhuang women like to wrap their heads in black cloth, and She women also wear "phoenix clothes", all of which reflect the charm of Baiyue ancients.
2. What are the main features of Lingnan folk customs?
A: The characteristics of Lingnan folk customs can be summarized as the following three points:
1), young and old, sparks of collision are generated everywhere. The ancient lifestyle and etiquette make people appreciate its long history and culture.
2) Lively and diverse, full of romantic sentiment of water town. Those festive customs of singing and dancing lightly. This is true of "March 3rd", and so is "karaoke bars", especially the "Flower Street" at the end of the year.
3) Extremely rich and charming, with a strong street style.
3. What are the differences and characteristics between Lingnan culture and Central Plains culture?
A: It's very rich and charming, with a strong street style. Needless to say, when visiting relatives and friends, people can't forget to bring some "personal letters". Chinese New Year adults give their children "lucky money"; The elders give the younger generation "oranges"; "Affinity" with objects, love with flowers and so on. Cantonese people are sensitive and not good at expression. They don't have the warm and generous style of northerners, but they will never greet them with a smile and spit far behind them. All these reflect the characteristics of Lingnan culture and Central Plains culture.
4. What are the reasons for the opening of foreign-related stories in Guangdong?
A: There are four main reasons for the openness of Guangdong's foreign-related stories:
1), Guangdong is located in southern Xinjiang, far from the core of traditional cultural circle, close to the coast, with a long coastline, forming an open geographical pattern and easily accepting the influence of foreign cultures.
2) Due to special geographical reasons, the feudal dynasties have always implemented flexible policies towards Guangdong to promote the development of Guangdong's commerce and trade. Guangzhou is the earliest foreign trade port and handicraft base in China.
3) Most of the ancestors of Cantonese people came from the south because they were hit by the war in the Central Plains of Taobao or the internal struggle of the ruling group. They don't have much attachment to their homeland in the Central Plains, and they don't have any loss after the loss of ancient civilization. Guangdong, which is at the core of Chinese and western cultures, is more likely to accept the influence of foreign cultures in cultural conflicts at different levels, leading to the flexibility of modern culture.
4) There are four overseas Chinese in Guangdong, and they have played an important role in cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, which all constitute the reasons for the openness of Guangdong's foreign-related stories.
5. What are the main aspects of the significance of Huineng relic?
A: Many relics of Huineng, the sixth ancestor, often bear a beautiful legend, which not only becomes a historical relic of Buddhism, but also has legendary significance as a "central point" or "memorial".
Fourth, the material analysis problem
1, answer:
The origin of Guangzhou is closely related to ancient legends. According to legend, a long time ago, around the time of Zhou Yiwang, there was a serious drought, crop failure and people's life was difficult. One day, they suddenly came to Yue Xian for a long time, and five colorful clouds appeared in the sky. Five immortals dressed in red, orange, yellow, green and purple came to Chuting (Guangzhou), riding fairy sheep with different colors and holding ears of rice in their hands. The immortals gave the ears of rice to the people here, wishing them plenty of food and clothing and no famine. He also left five fairy sheep behind and drove away. People scattered ears of rice on the earth, and since then, Guangzhou has had a good weather and abundant grain, and five fairy sheep have turned into stone sheep and stayed on the hillside. This is Laiyuan, which is known as "Five Yangcheng", "Yangcheng", "Guangzhou City" and "Fairy City" in Guangzhou. Hence the name Sui.
2. Answer:
The production of Guangdong riddles pays great attention to charm, which requires not only poetic writing, but also beautiful cooperation in all aspects, especially Chaoshan riddles, the beauty of riddles, the precision of riddles, the cutting of answers, the wonderful bottom buckle, the new materials used on the bottom, the diversity of expression techniques and the participation of riddles in practice, all of which are impeccable. It can be said that "all kinds of ingenious new ideas are fighting and there are countless controversies."
Homework 2
First, fill in the blanks:
1, "Sanyuanli"
2, dried tangerine peel, ginger, straw grass
3. Beiyuan Hotel
4, feet short from the door, tripping, hard wooden door
5, spring, fire (night)
Second, the noun explanation
1, Cantonese cuisine
Answer: Cantonese cuisine is one of the four major cuisines in China, mainly including Guangzhou cuisine, Chaozhou cuisine, Dongjiang (Hakka) cuisine and Hainan cuisine, with Guangzhou as the representative.
2. Arcade
A: A arcade refers to a house built in front of a building and hung on the street.
3. Dress of mom and sister
Mazhuangjie was named after Mazhuangjie in Shunde.
4, floating color
A: Gone with the wind is a kind of folk entertainment popular in Panyu Shawan and Wuchuan Meilong.
5. Women who dress themselves up
A: Self-decorated women are essentially gay women.
Third, short answer questions
1, A: The basic characteristics of Guangzhou teahouse culture are mainly reflected in:
1) has a long history.
2) The combination of food and art is full of fun.
3) The combination of Chinese and Western cultures, learning from others.
4) Be unique and lead the trend.
2. Answer: The architectural style of Lingnan traditional folk houses has mainly experienced the following eight types:
(1), Early Dwellings-From Cave Dwellings to Gan Lan Style
(2) Guangzhou Bamboo House
(3) xiguan big house
④ "arcade" building
(5) Hakka dragon enclosure
(6) The "four cents" and "Shang Lu Gen" in Chaoshan folk houses.
(7) Li boathouse.
(8) the "family boat" of the water residents.
3. Briefly describe the main clothing types of Lingnan modern clothing culture?
1) Mandarin jacket 2) Cheongsam 3) Tang suit 4) Horse 5) Zhongshan suit 6) Phoenix suit 7) Barrel set 8) Hemp blouse and cool hat
4. A: The following four aspects show the characteristics and connotation of Guangdong folk animal dance.
1) is rich and deep, with a special style.
2) Totem worship and sharing God's blessings.
3) The coincidence of two kinds of reverence psychology.
4) Self-entertainment and participation consciousness
5. A: Two special forms of resisting feudal marriage.
1) Self-grooming is a unique marriage custom in the Pearl River Delta.
2) "Striving for long and jumping short" is a form of free love between young men and women of Li nationality in Hainan.
Fourth, the material analysis problem
1. Answer: Guangzhou is a famous flower city in China. It has been planting flowers for 1000 years. Huatian has long been famous in the world. The annual flower market has been formed 130 years. The long flower market has nurtured many profound flower stories, produced many elegant poems and formed rich flower languages. It is human nature to love flowers. Flowers not only decorate the world with their natural beauty, but also inspire people's multi-level aesthetic taste from different angles with their color, fragrance and appearance, showing the deep connotation in people's hearts. The cultivation of flowers has formed a special industry, and there is a special market for flower trade, and there is also a special art of flower arrangement. Poems about flowers, flowers and flowers are as colorful as flowers.
2) A: The annual Flower Street is visited every day. It's amazing to take green flowers to cure all diseases during the Lantern Festival and make up the sky in rainy days.
Homework 3
Fill in the blanks
1, Jade Emperor
2, pig gizzard, pig run
3. Touch the dragon bed, love the green snake and eat the golden pig.
4. Raytheon
5. Hu Xuan Suzaku Qinglong
Second, the noun explanation
1, He Xiangu
A: He Xiangu is the Eight Immortals. According to legend, he is from Zengcheng Town, and his surname is He. When I was a child, I asked Lv Dongbin to cross over and call him He Xiangu.
2. Huang Cheng
A: It turned out to be the patron saint of the city. In ancient times, the moat with water was called "pool" and the moat without water was called "shovel". At first, the city god meant to protect urban ditches. Later, it evolved into a patron saint and a ghost, responsible for protecting the people of the city and taking charge of ghost books.
3. Zhu Rong
A: Vulcan in folk beliefs. In Guangdong, Zhu Rong is worshipped as a water god and enshrined in the South China Sea Temple.
4. Dragon Mother Faith
A: From the perspective of faith, she is from totem worship to clan worship, and from natural god to clan protector.
5. Answer: It is a kind of witchcraft to seek divination and revelation from God.
Third, short answer questions
1, a: mainly manifested in the influence of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, and the spread of Jesus Islam; There is the idea of God, but there is no pure God like the West. There are natural gods, but the worship of the stars and stones is inextricably linked with personnel; There are clan gods, including heroes and founders of all walks of life, who later took charge of all aspects of nature and became sacred; There are ghosts and gods, which constitute another system of the underworld, and many of them are related to Buddhism and Taoism and the world.
2. Answer: There are seven specific types of taboos in Cantonese: 1) language taboo, 2) annual custom taboo, 3) diet taboo, 4) marriage taboo, 5) mourning custom taboo, 6) fierce custom taboo and 7) behavior taboo.
3. A: There are three main reasons for the prevalence of modern folk superstitions in Guangdong:
1) Historical and cultural accumulation;
2) There is no noble ideal and sustenance;
3) Bad education and cultural fault.
4. A: The dragon mother belief in Deqing, Guangdong Province is mainly manifested in:
1) people's pilgrimage
2) loving mother and dutiful son
3) Not released.
4) Miracle superstition: touching the dragon bed, drinking holy water, offering incense ashes and eating golden pigs.
5. A: Fu Xiangu's feeling between heaven and man is a mysterious game that runs through Yin and Yang, and it is popular in Chaoshan and Meixian areas. Sangu is a yin-yang walker in folklore. Ask him to land in the body of the deceased in a "body-to-body" way, so that people in the body of the deceased can visit their dead relatives.
Fourth, the material analysis problem
1, A: There are many records about Guangdong customs and witches in ancient books. There are many examples in people's notes. There are so many forests, endless records, hard to distinguish between true and false, and hard to distinguish between ghosts and gods. The mixture of belief and superstition, and the combination of taboo and witchcraft constitute a variety of ghost worlds, which have a profound impact on social customs and cultural psychology. Cantonese people believe in praying for gods, just as their crowd composition is complicated. There are people from zhongzhou south; There are also local natives; Influenced by Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism; There is also the spread of Jesus Islam; There are conceptual gods, natural gods and ghosts. There are many taboos of the ancients, which have been circulating for a long time, and some of them still affect people's lives. For example: language taboo, year taboo, diet taboo, marriage taboo, funeral taboo, murder taboo, behavior taboo.
2. A: The Dragon Mother has simply become the god of Xijiang people, permeating every aspect of their lives all the time. Before liberation, there were thousands of Dragon Mother Temples in counties of Jiangxi Basin, but there were more than 300 in Deqing County. Almost all ships are dedicated to the statue of the dragon mother. Ships passing through the Dragon Mother Ancestral Temple set off firecrackers to greet them, and some even went ashore to offer sacrifices. If you want children and wealth, you can make a wish to the dragon mother, get rid of illness and eliminate disasters, and you can ask the dragon mother to bless you. In particular, floods and droughts are under the direct control of the dragon mother. These beliefs have profoundly influenced the customs of Xijiang people, such as avoiding eating carp, releasing them, caring for green snakes, touching dragon beds and drinking holy water. The dragon mother belief has a far-reaching influence on Xijiang folk culture, from folk stories and ballads to literati poems and operas; From ancient cultural relics to modern trademarks, and even people's habitual psychology, they have laid the brand of the dragon mother. Up to now, there is still a saying in Guangzhou and Nanhai: "Lettuce party in the first month, dragon mother's birthday in May." These are two birthday parties unique to Cantonese people. As for literati's poems, notes and essays, there are countless stories about the dragon mother's birthday.