China had the theory of image long ago, and I ching said that "viewing things and taking images" and "setting images and taking images" long ago. However, the image of Zhouyi is a divinatory symbol, which belongs to the philosophical category. The image in poetics is still "setting up images to express meaning", but the "image" in poetry is not an abstract symbol, but a tangible object. "This ability to create images will always be the symbol of the poet. The development of classical poetry has gradually formed some fixed images. Understanding and mastering these images is helpful for us to appreciate and create classical poetry, and to use images to convey the poet's feelings, aspirations and mentality. Thus forming a meaningful artistic conception. Image is an important rhetorical device to appreciate and create classical poetry. Common images in ancient poetry are:
1, ice and snow:
The crystallization of ice and snow is used to describe the loyalty and noble character of the soul. For example, in Wang Changling's poem "Parting Xin Jian at Furong Inn", "Luoyang's relatives and friends are like asking each other, and a piece of ice heart is in the jade pot". The "Bing Xin" here is a noble mind. The ancients used "as clear as jade pot ice" as a metaphor for a person's aboveboard mind. Another example is "I should miss Linghai for many years, being alone, and my liver and lungs are all ice and snow." During my one-year career in Lingnan, my personality and conduct are as crystal clear as ice and snow.
2.bright moon
Missing the moon-triggering parting sadness and homesickness with the bright moon. For example, in Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night, "Looking up, I found it was moonlight, and then sinking back, I suddenly remembered my home", and in Li Yu's Yu Meiren, "The east wind blew in the small building last night, and my country was unbearable to look back at the middle of the month", the former showed my yearning for my hometown, while the latter showed the pain of my late master's national subjugation; Another example is "there are 300,000 people in the stockade, and I will look back at the moon for a while". Hundreds of thousands of soldiers in the stockade, desert and desert all looked up at the rising moon for a while and could not help but feel homesick.
Step 3 fold the willow tree
Fold the willow to say goodbye. The custom of "Liuhe waiting for peace" began in the Han Dynasty and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. Since the Han Dynasty, Liu He has often given gifts to each other to express his feelings of parting, which triggered the yearning for distant relatives and the homesickness of travelers. In the Han dynasty, there was a tune called "Folding Willow", which expressed farewell feelings in the form of playing. Another example is "Willow green hanging on the ground, flowers flying" in "Farewell". Wicker flies, pedestrians please return. In the Tang Dynasty, Baling Bridge in Xi 'an was the only place for people to leave Chang 'an when they went to all parts of the country. Baling Bridge was surrounded by willows and became a famous place for the ancients to fold willows to bid farewell. The poem "Willow leaves every year, Baling mourns farewell" has spread all over the world. Later generations often use "Baqiao Folding Willow" as the source of farewell allusions. Therefore, there is a poem "Qingyang is more separated from strangers"; In Lin Yuling, Liu Yong expresses the sadness of parting with "Where to wake up after drinking tonight, Yang Liuan, where is the wind?" "I heard the broken willow in the flute, but I didn't see the spring scenery" means that the tune of "broken willow" in the flute spread far away, but I didn't see the green spring scenery of willow branches, so as to express my feelings of hurting spring and sigh other feelings; "Who doesn't miss his hometown when he hears the broken willow in this nocturne" means who doesn't miss his hometown when he hears the tune of "broken willow" tonight? These all use the image of folding willow.
4.cicada
Because of its sad cry, it can be used to express sadness and sadness, and because of its living habits, it can also be used to express nobility. Cicada is a metaphor, and the latter is often used. The ancients thought that cicada eating wind and drinking dew was a symbol of nobility, so the ancients often used cicada's nobility to express its noble character. "Tang Poetry Biecai" says that "cicadas admire their character every time they sing their voices", because cicadas live in high branches, eat in the wind and sleep outside, and don't eat fireworks, so their implied character belongs to lofty type. In Tao Yong's "Cicada" in the Tang Dynasty, "Cicada on a high tree goes into the night clouds, worrying about me as well as the monarch" is the representative of expressing sadness with cicadas. In Yu Shinan's Cicada, "It's not the autumn wind that makes you aloof." The metaphor of cicada is used to refer to the representative of noble character.
5. Nanpu
This is a drop-off place by the water. Qu Yuan's Nine Songs. In Hebo, "Go east to see the beauty send Nanpu", in Jiang Yan's Beppu, "Spring grass is green, spring water is rippling, so why bother to send you to Nanpu", and in Fan Chengda's Hengtang, "Nanpu is green in spring, and the stone bridge tower is still there". The ancients bid farewell to the water not only in Nanpu, but because of the long-term national culture.
6. Changting
The pavilion is to tell other places on land. In Li Bai's Bodhisattva Man, "Where is the return journey? The pavilion is even shorter. Liu Yong's The Sound of Rain says "It's cold and sad, but the pavilion is already late", and Li Shutong's Farewell says "Outside the pavilion, beside the ancient road, the grass is blue", and then there is the pavilion farewell in the Yuan drama The West Chamber. Obviously, in China's classical poetry and literature, pavilions have become farewell words to express sadness on land.
7.bananas
Often associated with loneliness and sadness, especially parting. In the south, there is the joy of silk and bamboo, "the rain hits the banana", which is sad; Li Qingzhao once wrote: "Who planted banana trees in front of the window? The atrium is full of trees. The atrium is full of shade, and the leaves are full of affection. "Pour out your sadness and blame the banana; In Wu Wenying's Tang Duoling, he wrote, "Where do you synthesize sadness? Leave people's hearts to autumn. Longitudinal banana, it is awkward without rain "; Ge Shengchong wrote in "A Little Red Lip" that "how many idle worries, dreaming of chasing banana rain". It's sad enough that the rain hits the banana, and it's even more sad that the dream soul chases the rain and hits the banana leaves.
9. Indus River:
In China's classical poems, those similar to banana mostly express a bitter voice. In Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow, "Peach and plum blossom, spring breeze blows, autumn rain falls, and plane leaves fall", and the cold rain in autumn hits the plane leaves, which is very sad; "Silence" in Li Yu's "Hui Huan"
Youwutong locks deep courtyard in autumn. Wen wrote in "More Leaks" that "the rain on the night of the phoenix tree is bitter, leaving leaves with sound, and the empty steps fall to the Ming Dynasty". Li Qingzhao wrote in "The Sound is Slow" that "the phoenix tree is raining even more, and it is dripping at dusk", so it can be seen that the autumn rain hits the phoenix tree without any reference.
There are many images in ancient poetry, some of which are fixed and some are slightly flexible. I just sorted out a small number of relatively fixed images according to other people's comments and my own views, which are not without mistakes and omissions, and are for reference only.