Du Xunhe, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was appointed as the Ministry of Rites by Zhu Wen all his life. In the second year of Zhongshun (89 1), he was admitted to eight Jinshi (Record of Classes). The following year, due to political turmoil, Tianqi returned to the old mountain and was in Xuanzhou. He attaches great importance to him and takes it as his career. Three years later (903), Tianqi rebelled against Yang Xingmi and sent him to contact Zhu Wen of Daliang. Tianqi was defeated and died. Zhu Wen commended him and awarded him a bachelor's degree in Hanlin and the Foreign Minister as the guest of honor. He was very ill and died in ten days. His poems are popular in language and fresh in style, which was later called "Du Xunhe Style". Some of his works reflect the social contradictions and people's tragic experiences in the situation of military and political melee at the end of the Tang Dynasty, which was outstanding at that time and palace ci was also famous.
According to legend, Du Xunhe is the son of a concubine of Du Mu. Born in poverty. I took several exams in Chang 'an and never went back to the mountain. He came home from Chang 'an when Huang Chao's army swept across Shandong and Henan. Since then, I have lived a life of "I have been in the smoke for fifteen years" ("Going out to see senior officials after the chaos") and "I am willing to learn from the world and I am happy to climb mountains" ("Working in the mountains after the chaos").
Du Xunhe is brilliant, with Kanke's career, but he doesn't pay for it. However, he enjoys a high reputation in the field of poetry, has formed his own family, and is good at palace poetry. For a long time, in the embrace of Jiuhua Mountain, there are many poems chanting the face of Jiuhua Mountain, which have distinct colors of the times. The book Jiuhua's Old Residence in Autumn was written by a guest living in a foreign country, revealing the feelings of abandoning his official position and retiring to Jiuhua and the pain of being in a foreign land. Poems such as The Feeling of Returning to Jiuhua from Jiangxi, The Village with a Title to Live in and The Widow in the Mountain reveal the gloom of social politics, the cruelty of cruel officials, the struggle of warlords and the struggle of the people, and reflect the sufferings and aspirations of the people, which is a true portrayal of social life at that time.
Du Xunhe took poetry as his career all his life, and his famous poem Spring. The Palace Complaint takes the unfortunate life experience of the maid-in-waiting as a symbol of her unexpected talent, which shows the author's superb artistic means. However, the main achievement of Du Xunhe's poetry lies in a few works that sympathize with people's sufferings. There are two world banks, one named Widow in the Mountain and the other named Village after Rebellion, which profoundly depicts the heavy suffering brought by the war to the rural people. Comrade Lubo encountered rebellion in the county town and exposed the crime of robbery in the local buffer region. In the poet's works, the miserable life of the people in those years when Huang Chao was suppressed was reproduced. This kind of poems take the form of metrical poems and quatrains, which are not bound by metrical poems, and the language is fresh and popular, refreshing and powerful. There are photocopies of Du Xunhe's Collected Works, and Song and Shu engravings.
It is said that Du Xunhe, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, contributed to literature. When Du Mu was appointed as Chizhou secretariat in the last years of Huichang, his concubine Cheng became pregnant and was driven away by Du's wife. She married Zheng in Changlin Township and gave birth to Xun He (Poems of Er Lao Tang by Zhou Bida and Chronicle of Tang Poetry by Ji Yougong). I studied in Jiuhua Mountain in my early years and became friends with Gu Yun and Yin Wengui. At the age of seven, he made his mark. I took several exams in Chang 'an and never went back to the mountain. I have also been to Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan and other places. He came home from Chang 'an when Huang Chao's army swept across Shandong and Henan. From then on, I stayed in Luo Yan for fifteen years ("I went out to see Commissioner Gao after the chaos"), and lived a life of writing sweet words and planting mountain manure ("I went to work in the mountains after the chaos"). The following year, due to the political turmoil, he returned to the old mountain and his field was in Xuanzhou. He paid great attention to him and took it as his career. Three years later (903), Tian rebelled against Yang Xingmi and sent him to contact Zhu Wen in Daliang. Tian-defeated, Zhu Wen recommended him and awarded him a bachelor's degree in Hanlin, who was seriously ill and died ten days later. Because in the later period, I took refuge in Zhu Wen, and my ambition was to clear my name, and I abandoned the middle way (Record of Information Courses), which is regrettable for the current theory.
Du Xunhe took poetry as his career all his life, but at first he said that a hundred years was meaningless, and it was difficult to teach him not to recite poetry for a day ("leave it for autumn first"). When he first took office, he edited his poems into three volumes of Tang Feng Ji, with more than 300 poems, all of which were metrical poems and quatrains.
There are roughly three schools of poetry in the late Tang Dynasty: one is the school of rites, which is famous for its gorgeous appearance and represented by Bill Han; Second, Jia Daoism, represented by Dong Li and others, is characterized by coldness, thinness and bitterness; Third, it pays attention to reflecting social reality and people's livelihood, and inherits the mantle of Bai Yuan New Yuefu represented by Pi Rixiu and others; Du Xunhe, who claims to be a bitter poet in the Jianghu and the poorest in the world, has preserved nearly 65,438+030 poems with five rhythms ("Living in the suburbs is about Li"), among which the works that express the life and quiet realm in the mountains basically belong to Jia Dao School. It's not that he can't write the literary and artistic poems listed in the first volume of Tang Feng Ji, the Spring Palace Complain. It is said that palace poems are the first in the Tang Dynasty. There is a saying that there are 300 Du Ci poems, but there is only one couplet: the wind is sunny, the birds are singing, and the flowers are crawling. The metaphor that symbolizes a person's talent without encountering an unfortunate life experience of a maid-in-waiting shows the author's superb artistic skills. However, the main achievement of Du Xunhe's poetry is that there are few works that sympathize with people's sufferings and connect with Bai Yuan's spirit.
Du Xunhe claimed that the theme of his poems failed to save the world (self-report), which is also called saying that it is related to current affairs, and the chapter sees the national wind (Mid-Autumn Festival in the mountains). Therefore, he dedicated the poem "Travel in the World" to Zhu Wen. Bai Juyi wrote satirical poems for the monarch, ministers, people, things and things, and there was no difference. Two World Bank poems entitled "Widows in Mountain Villages after Rebellion" profoundly depict the image of rural people who have suffered from war. "Re-crossing Hucheng County" and "Village where the subject lives" denounced a group of officials who started by killing people. Comrade Lubo encountered rebellion in the county town and exposed the crime of robbery in the local buffer region. In the poet's pen, it reproduces the miserable world of people's painful life in those years when Huang Chao was suppressed. In addition, such as Silkworm Girl, Injured Shixia County Disease, Tian Weng, etc., all reflect that people are deeply exploited by taxes. Snow and Snow in the Mountain vividly reflect the inequality of class opposition.
The writing characteristics of this kind of poems are different from the new Yuefu from Bai Yuan to Pi Rixiu. It uses the form of metrical poems and quatrains, is not bound by metrical rhythm, compactly compresses the broad realm in a very short range, and often uses sharp contrast and in-depth writing techniques to make the works full of appeal. The language is fresh and popular, fresh and powerful, which also shows that it can break through the style of contemporary China poetry and has innovative spirit. Yan Yu listed Du Xunhe's poetic style in Cang Shi Lang Petrified Body, which shows that his poetic style had a certain influence at that time. However, some commentators denounced it as vulgar (the previous episode of Tiaoxi Fishing and Conceiving Conghua was quoted from the Record of the Shogunate's Yan Xian), and it was also extremely simple and easy to do (Weng Fanggang's Zhou Shi Shi Hua), meaning that "people below the late Tang Dynasty are the Chinese language of the next dominant population" (Yang Shen's Sheng An Shi Hua).
Tang Feng Ji was published in Jiguge in Ming Dynasty. A close friend Liu compiled the suicide note of the sage in Guichi, with addendum 1 volume. From 65438 to 0959, the Shanghai editor of Zhonghua Book Company took Liu's engraving as the base edition, supplemented and sorted out the whole Tang poetry, compiled the Poems of Du Xunhe, and published it together with Nie's Poems. In the early Qing Dynasty, there was another Complete Works of 100 Poets in the Tang Dynasty, named Collected Works of Du Xunhe. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House photocopied the Song and Shu versions of Collected Works of Du Xunhe. For his deeds, see Sun Guangxian's Notes on Northern Dreams, He Guangyuan's Notes on Lessons, Liang Shu's History of the Old Five Dynasties, Chronicle of Tang Poems and Talented Persons of Tang Dynasty.