Character life and early experience In the winter of the fourth year of Hanzhongping (187), Cao Pi was born in Qiao. Cao Pi's intelligent talent and good education and growth environment gave him profound literary qualities. When he was young and growing up, he read extensively, "rarely recited poems and treatises, and prepared a long and comprehensive review of the Five Classics, the Four Parts, the History, the Han Dynasty, and the words of hundreds of schools of thought." This laid the foundation for his future. laid a solid foundation for literary creation. In the third year of Chuping (192), Cao Cao thought that the current war was in chaos, so he taught Cao Pi archery. Cao Pi learned archery when he was six years old. Cao Cao also taught Cao Pi how to ride a horse, and Cao Pi learned it when he was eight years old. Cao Pi began to fight in the north and south with his father when he was ten years old. His long military life not only strengthened his body, but also enriched his knowledge and accumulated a lot of material for his poetry creation. As he continued to grow in age and experience, the mental impact of the difficult living environment gradually formed his unique melancholy personality.
In the second year of Jian'an (197), Cao Pi followed Cao Cao to conquer Zhang Xiu in the south. Zhang Xiu first surrendered and then rebelled. Cao Cao's eldest son Cao Ang and his nephew Cao Anmin were killed. Cao Pi, who was only ten years old, escaped on horseback. In the ninth year of Jian'an (204), Cao Pi followed Cao Cao to conquer Yecheng and took in Yuan Xi's wife Zhen.
In the fifteenth year of Jian'an (210 years), Cao Pi was recommended by Situ Zhao Wen. Cao Cao believed that Zhao Wen recommended his son not because of his real talents, so he ordered the minister Shou Guang Luxun Xi Liu to Zhao Wen was removed from his official position in accordance with the policy.
In the 16th year of Jian'an (211), he was appointed as the general and deputy prime minister. In the eighteenth year of Jian'an (AD 213), Cao Cao took Cao Pi and others back to his hometown in Bozhou to pay homage to the grave. After the event, Cao Pi and others took a horseback tour, passing through the East Garden, following the Wound River, and passing through Gaolin. They stopped on horseback to write whips and wrote "Linwo Ode". In the 21st year of Jian'an (216), Cao Pi took his son Cao Bei to his hometown and followed Cao Cao in his eastward expedition against Sun Quan. The battle for the legitimate son
Cao Pi was Cao Cao's second son. After Cao Ang died, Cao Cao planned to pass the throne to Cao Chong, born to Mrs. Huan. Cao Chong, courtesy name Cangshu, was a child prodigy. When he was five or six years old, his intelligence was already "like an adult." "He is not only extremely intelligent, but also kind-hearted and loving by nature. He often tries to find ways to avoid mistakes he made accidentally, and "there are dozens of people who rely on him to help others." For this reason, he was deeply favored by Cao Cao. It is a pity that God is not blessed. Cao, such a Ning Xiner, fell ill and died at the age of thirteen. After his death, Cao Cao once said to Cao Pi: "This is my misfortune, but yours is also fortunate. Later, Cao Pi often said to people: "If Cang Shu were there, I would not have the world." "However, after the versatile Cao Pi, there was another Cao Zhi, whose romantic literary talent was even better than that of his brother Nai, and he was deeply favored by Cao Cao. So a battle for the right to inherit the throne occurred between the brothers Pi and Zhi.
Cao Cao The long-term hesitation on establishing an heir inevitably affected his subordinates. Over time, two groups gradually formed among the subordinates: the Supporting Pi faction and the Supporting Zhi faction. The Supporting Pi faction included Huan Jie, Xing Yi, Wu Zhi, Jia Xu, etc. , the pro-plantation faction included Ding M, Ding Yi, Yang Xiu, Kong Gui, Yang Jun, etc., each of them formed a party, devised schemes, created public opinion, intrigues, and fought against each other. Among the pro-plantation faction, Yang Xiu was an extremely resourceful person. Qishi, as Cao Cao's chief secretary, was particularly well-informed and was very beneficial to Cao Zhi. With his advice, Cao Zhi gradually gained an advantage in this battle. He “acts willfully, does not encourage himself, and drinks alcohol without restraint. "And Cao Cao was displeased. In the 22nd year of Jian'an (217), Cao Pi used various strategies, and with the help of Sima Yi, Wu Zhi and other ministers, he defeated his younger brother Cao Zhi in the battle for inheritance and was established as the Crown Prince of Wei. .
In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219), Wei Xi conspired to attack Yecheng. His co-conspirator Chen Tong surrendered, and Cao Pi led his troops to put down Wei Xi. Ascend the throne as emperor
In the first month of the first year of Yankang (220), Cao Cao died in Luoyang. Cao Pi inherited the position of prime minister from Yecheng to Luoyang and was called King of Wei. The 25th year of An was changed to the first year of Yankang. . Cao Pi, who had just ascended to a high position and held great power, was somewhat excited and satisfied when faced with the sudden transfer of power. Facing the country that he had taken over from his father, he felt that it was his father's key to restoring national power and achieving unification. Cao Pi learned from the history of chaos in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and quickly concentrated power in his hands to stabilize the political situation. The importance of consolidating his own power. He started from the beginning with internal power checks and responded quickly to win over and support his own political forces, redistribute his share of the power pie, and at the same time attack and exclude dissident forces. In February, Jia Xu was appointed as Taiwei, Hua Xin was appointed as Prime Minister, and Wang Lang was appointed as Yushi Dafu. At the end of the month, Xia Hou was appointed as general. N Chuhou consecrated the surrendered bandits Zheng Gan and Wang Zhao as princes, and ordered Su Ze to supervise the army to quell the rebellions in Wuwei, Jiuquan and Zhangye. In the seventh month, Sun Quan sent envoys to offer sacrifices. In the same month, he ordered Xia Houshang, Xu Huang and Shu general Meng. Dali joined forces with the outside world to regain the three counties of Shangyong. Yang Pu, the king of Wudu, settled in Hanyang County in Jiawu. He led his troops to station in Qiao, and entertained the six armies and the elders of Qiao County with wine and food in the east of the city. >
On November 9th, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty abdicated, and Cao Pi wrote three times to resign.
In Xinwei, Cao Pi ascended the Zen platform and proclaimed himself emperor, changed the Yuan Dynasty to Huangchu, changed Luoyang to Luoyang, and granted amnesty to the world. In the eleventh month of the first year of Huangchu (AD 220), ten thousand households in Shanyang Town, Hanoi County, consecrated Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty as Shanyang Gong. Ping Hu and Conquer Wu
Cao Pi has always advocated conquest externally, and is eager to realize his ambition to unify the country as soon as possible. He actively rushed to the battlefield and twice launched an army to attack Wu. In the second year of Huangchu (221), Sun Quan of the Wu State attacked Liu Bei. Guan Yu was defeated and killed in Maicheng, and then took over the land of Jingxiang. Sun Quan was afraid that Liu Bei's revenge would be difficult to care about, so he pretended to make peace with Wei Cao Pi. "Sun Quan sent an envoy to receive the seal and sent him to Jin to return it." Cao Pi sent "Taichang Xing Zhenzhijie to worship Quan as a general, grant the title of King of Wu, and add Jiuxi." ." Sun Quan pretended to be a minister. Liu Bei was angry at Sun Quan's attack on Guan Yu and led his troops to attack Wu. Sun Quan sent a letter asking for peace, but Liu Bei was furious and refused. That year, Wu Jun's Wukou and Jigui were captured. In the first month of the third year of Huangchu (221), Sun Quan wrote to Cao Pi, telling him to send troops to meet the enemy. Cao Pi wrote a "Report to Sun Quan, King of Wu" to encourage him to kill the enemy.
In February of the third year of Huangchu (222 AD), the kings of Shanshan, Qiuci, and Khotan each sent envoys to contribute. Later, the Western Regions were restored and Wuji, the captain of the school, was appointed. In March, Cao was granted the title of King of Pingyuan, and his younger brother Cao Zhang and 11 other people became kings. In April, Cao Zhi was granted the title of King of Juancheng. In the leap month, Sun Quan defeated Liu Bei at Yiling. When Cao Pi heard that Liu Bei led his army eastward to fight with Sun Quan and camped for more than 700 miles in Shuzha, he said to his ministers: "Liu Bei doesn't know the art of war. How can he resist the enemy with a camp of 700 miles?" "Those who serve in the army are preyed upon by the enemy," which is a taboo in military use. Sun Quan's letter to defeat Liu Bei is coming soon. "After seven days, Sun Quan's letter to defeat Liu Bei arrived. In August, Shu general Huang Quan led his troops to surrender. In the ninth month of Gengzi, Queen Guo was made queen. Later, because Sun Quan had relieved the threat of Shu, Sun Quan repeatedly delayed sending his eldest son to Wei as a hostage, and the alliance between Wei and Wu gradually appeared to be inconsistent. In October of the same year, "Sun Quan rebelled again and restored Guozhou to Jingzhou. The emperor marched south from Xuchang, and all the armies advanced together, but Quan Linjiang refused to defend." Cao Pi was very angry about Sun Quan's deception and betrayal, and issued another "Edict to Defeat Wu" " encouraged the soldiers and said: "March to the south to encircle Jiangling and capture many ships. Behead and capture prisoners, and those who surrender will clear the road. The day of cattle and wine is coming." Expressing Sun Quan's determination to march south.
Cao Pi marched south from Xuchang, and all the armies advanced together. Cao Zhen, Zhang A, Cao Xiu and others achieved great victories, defeated Sun Sheng, defeated Lu Fan, burned Zhuge Jin, and almost captured Jiangling. Defending, several fronts collapsed or were defeated. Only Zhu Ran won. Cao Pi was in sight of victory, but unexpectedly encountered an epidemic. Sun Quan took the opportunity to send envoys to pay tribute again. The two sides made peace, and Cao Pi withdrew his troops. In the eleventh month of Xinwei, Cao Zhen, the general of Zhenxi, was ordered to lead the generals and state and county soldiers to defeat the rebel Hu Zhiyuanduo, grant rewards, etc., and pacify Hexi. Ten days later, the warning to Luoyang reached Luoyang. Cao Pi was very happy and laughed and said: "I am strategizing within the curtain, while the generals are fighting bravely thousands of miles away, and their responses are in line with the rules. Fighting front and rear, we captured the captives. There are not so many. "
In the fourth year of Huangchu (AD 223), Cao Ren, Cao Zhang, and Jia Xu died one after another. In April of the fifth year of Huangchu (AD 224), Cao Pi established the Imperial Academy, formulated the method for the Five Classics class examinations, and appointed Dr. Gu Liang of the Spring and Autumn Period. Observing troops in Linjiang
In February of the sixth year of Huangchu (AD 225), envoys were sent from Xuchang to Peijun to inquire about the sufferings of the people and provide relief to the poor. In the same year, Liang Xi, the governor of Bingzhou, attacked Xianbei Kebineng and defeated it.
In October, I visited the old city of Guangling and watched the troops along the river. There were more than 100,000 soldiers and hundreds of banners. During the severe cold that year, the waterways froze and boats were not allowed to enter the river, so they were diverted back. During this period, he passed through Yongqiu and went to Cao Zhi's place. He met Cao Zhi and added 500 households to his family. In December, Cao Pi and his entourage passed from Qiao to Liang and sent envoys to use Tailao to worship the late Han Dynasty Taiwei Qiaoxuan. Died young due to illness
In the first month of the seventh year of Huangchu (AD 226), Cao Pi returned to the palace in Luoyang. On May Bingchen (June 28th), Cao Pi was seriously ill and ordered Chen Qun, the general of the Zhenjun army, Cao Zhen, the general of the Chinese army, Cao Xiu, the general of the Zhengdong army, and Sima Yi, the general of the Fu army, to accept the imperial edict. Lord Cao Bo, Meizhi Shuyuan and Zhaoyi all returned to their respective homes. Cao Pi passed away on the 17th day of May (June 29th) at the age of 40. According to his announcement during his lifetime, he was buried in Shouyang Mausoleum without trees or graves. Politics for Government
Political System
At the beginning of his accession to the throne of Wei King, Cao Pi introduced two new policies:
The first new policy was to abolish the duties of Zhongchangshi and Xiaohuang. The gate was reorganized into two official positions: regular servants of casual knights and servants of loose knights, with a maximum number of four people each. At the same time, it was announced that eunuchs were strictly prohibited from engaging in politics, and eunuchs were officials. the root of. In order to spread the word for a long time, he also ordered people to engrave the above-mentioned decrees on metal sheets in accordance with the ancient saying that "important state affairs are engraved on gold plates", and then treasured them in stone chambers.
The second new policy was to adopt Chen Qun's opinions and establish the nine-rank Zhongzheng system, which successfully eased the relationship between the Cao family and the gentry, gained their support, and laid the foundation for proclaiming the emperor. After he implemented the nine-level Zhongzheng system, he used human rights to take back the central government from the local areas, but this also led to the gradual monopoly of the real power of Wei's governance by the gentry.
Cao Pi decisively proclaimed himself emperor in the first year of Huangchu (220), ending the 400-year rule of the Han Dynasty and creating a precedent for gentry politics. After ascending the throne, he insisted on monopolizing power and established the Zhongshu Province. Its officials were replaced by scholars. The responsibility of drafting edicts and documents originally held by Shangshu Lang was transferred to Zhongshu Province officials. Confidential rights were gradually transferred to Zhongshu Province.
It is decreed that women are not allowed to intervene in the government, ministers are not allowed to serve the Queen Mother, and descendants of the family are not allowed to serve as assistants to the government, and they are not allowed to accept the nobility of the land." The power of the vassal king was deprived, and the fiefdoms of the vassal kings of Cao Wei were often changed. Governance and military power and actions were strictly monitored, which was like a prison. Although this policy learned from the lessons of the Han Dynasty's feudal states, it left hidden dangers, making the clan weak and unable to prevent foreign ministers from seizing power in the future.
At the same time, Cao Pi purified the court and issued the "Edict not to impeach the Taiwei during the solar eclipse" in the second year of Huangchu (221) to eliminate the shortcomings of innocent blaming of ministers; the following year (222) issued the "Edict prohibiting defamation" " and "Officials Shall Not Intervene in Prefectures and Counties" to change the custom of false accusations against each other and accusations against courtiers.
Eliminate separatism
In addition, when Cao Pi was in power, he also used the excuse to conquer Wu. In the name of the Han Dynasty, the local separatist forces in Qingzhou and Xuzhou were pacified, and the unification of the north was finally completed. Since the end of the Han Dynasty, there have been separatist forces headed by Zang Ba, Sun Guan, etc. in Qingzhou and Xuzhou. Although they surrendered to Cao Cao, they had Independent of their territory and military strength, Cao Cao had to adopt a restraint policy against them. As soon as Cao Cao died, the Qing and Xu soldiers in Luoyang were in turmoil. Cao Pi adopted the strategy of appeasing them without asking for them to stabilize them and control the situation; Huang Chusan In 222, Cao Pi used the excuse of Sun Quan's refusal to accept a hostage to attack Wu on three fronts and took the opportunity to deprive Zang Ba of his military power. In the fifth and sixth years of Huang Chu (224 and 225), Cao Pi personally supervised the division twice. The expedition against Wu stopped at Guangling, without any confrontation with the Wu army, but the mutiny in Licheng was quelled, and the hidden dangers of Qing and Xu were completely resolved. Therefore, later generations speculated that the real purpose of Cao Pi's personal expedition was not to defeat Wu, but to use it as a cover to keep silent. The silent pacification of the Qing and Xu separatist forces fully demonstrated his cautious yet resolute qualities as a politician. Historian Tian Yuqing commented: "Cao Pi finally solved the Qing and Xu separatist regimes in the Battle of Guangling. The issue of one side has enhanced the stability of Wei and consolidated the unity of the north. It can be said to be a political event that can be said but ignored by people during his seven years in office... The Battle of Guangling solved the problem of Qingxu problem, unified the east, and Wei became more powerful." Economy
In terms of economy, Cao Pi continued to develop the farming system, implemented the grain and silk trade, and stabilized the social order. Huang Chumo, Wei State Treasury Enrich and accumulate huge amounts of money, and basically solve the inflation problem caused by the war. At the same time, we adopt strategic defense, restore production, remove bans, lighten tariffs, prohibit personal hatred, widely discuss light punishment, and recuperate with the people, so that the northern region can regain stability and prosperity. He advocated frugality and sparse burials, and issued an edict prohibiting heavy burials and obscene sacrifices. Culture
Cao Pi paid great attention to culture, education, rituals and music. Every year, the county inspects and selects a person who is filial and honest. If there are particularly outstanding talents, they are not subject to the household registration restriction.
In the third year of Huangchu (222 years), the "Edict No Limit on Recruitment of Scholars" was issued. Breaking down age boundaries, he proposed a method of employment that could be tried by both young and old as long as they were "common in Confucianism and Confucianism and knowledgeable in grammar".
In the fourth year of Huangchu (223), the original Han Dynasty music and dance was based on. Music was made during the ceremony, and Zhengshi music, Yingling music, Wusong music, Zhaoye music, Fengxiang dance, Lingying dance, Wusong dance, Dazhao dance and Dawu dance were played in the ancestral temple above the court hall.
In the fifth year of Huangchu (224), Kong Xian, a descendant of Confucius, was granted the title of Zongshenghou, and he was granted the title of a hundred households in the city. Confucius temples were rebuilt, Confucianism was promoted in various places, Taixue was established, and the Five Classics Course Examination was set up. According to the law, Dr. Gu Liang of Chunqiu was established. Revitalize feudal orthodox culture in the short term. Military
And the Hus: When Cao Pi was the king of Wei, he ordered Su Ze to quell the rebellions of Wuwei, Jiuquan, and Zhangye; after becoming emperor, he ordered Cao Zhen to defeat the Qiang and Hu coalition forces, pacify Hexi, and send He restored the connection with the Western Regions, restored the rule of the Central Plains Dynasty in the Western Regions, and established the Western Regions Changshifu. Because Beidi was strong and invaded the frontier, Cao Pi appointed Tian Yu as the captain of the Wuwan Guards, and Qianzhao and Xie Jun as the captains of the Xianbei Guards. Generals such as Tian Yu, Qianzhao, and Liang Xi performed brilliantly in northern Xinjiang. Defeated Xianbei for the first time.
With the Shu Han: In the first year of Yankang, Cao Pi ordered Xiahou Shang and Xu Huang to surrender Mengda, defeated Liu Feng, and recovered the three Shangyong counties.
With Sun Wu: Sun Quan once professed himself to Wei and accepted the title of King Wu. After many mediations, Wei and Wu finally turned hostile. Cao Pi personally conquered Soochow three times, but failed to achieve much results.
Generally speaking, during his six-year reign, Cao Wei's national power further increased and his territory expanded. Literary achievements
Cao Pi was the first outstanding great poet in China's Three Kingdoms era. His "Yan Ge Xing" is the earliest extant seven-character poem by a literati in China; his five-character and Yuefu Qingqi are moving, and there are about forty existing poems. Poetry
Cao Pi's poems come in various forms, and are five to seven words long. The language is popular and has the spirit of folk songs. The technique is euphemistic and meticulous, and it loops back and forth. He is an expert in describing the love between men and women and the themes of wanderers missing their wives. .
"Yan Ge Xing", which represents the highest achievement of Cao Pi's poetry, was written in the twelfth year of Jian'an during Cao Cao's northern expedition to Wuhuan in the three counties. It adopted the Yuefu genre and pioneered the use of rhyme in each sentence. Written in form, it is the earliest and most complete seven-character poem in existence. From the perspective of "missing a woman", "Yan Ge Xing" reflects the current situation of war and displacement in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and expresses the inner resentment and melancholy of men and women who are forced to separate.
The whole poem uses unembellished words, graceful syllables, and flowing emotions. It was praised by Wang Euzhi as "the love, the love, the color, and the sound are unparalleled in ancient and modern times." Some of Cao Pi's works that are praised by future generations were written when he was serving as Wu Guanzhonglang and was about to become the crown prince of Wei. His poems are delicate, clear, and pathos.
In "Ye Jiaying's Comments on the Poems of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties", scholar Ye Jiaying listed the evaluations of Cao Pi from Zhong Rong's "Poetry", Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long" and Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Poetry Talk". "Poetry" ranks Cao Pi in the middle grade, and thinks that his poems are not as good as those of his younger brother Cao Zhi. The reason is that Cao Pi's poems are "as straightforward as an idiom" ("idiot", that is, two ordinary people talking). On the other hand, Cao Zhi's He is "a man of extremely high character and brilliant words. His emotions are mixed with elegance and resentment, his body and style are refined, and his charisma overflows both the present and the past, making him stand out from the rest." "Wen Xin Diao Long" (Chapter of Talents) said that Cao Pi "Wei Wen's talent is vast and pure, and the old talk suppresses it, saying that it can be planted thousands of miles away... Zihuan is careful and slow, so he does not compete with the first." , which is different from Cao Zhi's "quick thinking and talent", and also said that "the vulgar sentiments are suppressed, and the same sound is heard, so Emperor Wen used his position to respect his talents and reduced his talents, and the king of Si was embarrassed by his power to benefit from the price. It is not a firm conclusion." Everyone sympathizes with it. In Cao Zhi's situation, Cao Pi was the winner of the brothers' fight for position, so people ignored the beauty of his article. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Wang Fuzhi said bluntly in "Jiang Zhai Poetry Talk": "In fact, Zi Huan was so talented that Zijian could not overwhelm him?" This can be said to be the declaration of Cao Pi's "unparalleled" literary achievements. Ye Jiaying said that Cao Pi was a "rational poet" who was restrained and introspective, and "won by sense and rhyme." Theory
Cao Pi's "Essentials" is China's earliest literary theory and criticism work. It was written when Cao Pi was the prince of Wei. The main points in the article are: ① Evaluation of Kong Rong, Chen Lin, Wang Can, and Xu The writing styles and gains and losses of Qian, Ruan R, Ying`, and Liu Zhen are the source of the saying "Seven Sons of Jian'an"; ② It is proposed that "the writing is mainly based on Qi, and the clear and turbid Qi has a body, and cannot be caused by strong force." It is believed that the writer The temperament determines the style of the work; ③ Affirm the historical value of literature, "to cover the great cause of the country and the immortal event." Lu Xun said in "The Relationship between Wei and Jin Styles and Articles, Medicine and Wine" that "He (Cao Pi) said that poems and poems do not need to contain lessons, and opposed those views at that time that included lessons in poems and poems. From a modern literary perspective, Cao Pi's This era can be said to be the "era of literary self-consciousness", or as the modern saying goes, it is the school of art for art's sake." Influence
Cao Pi was the actual leader of the Ye literati group and contributed to the spiritual structure of Jian'an literature. Played a key role, and the resulting "Jian'an style" had a profound impact on later literature. ①Cao Pi ordered Liu Shao, Wang Xiang, Miao Xi and others to compile China's first nonfiction book, "Huang Lan", which was the first official organization to compile a nonfiction book. ② "Classics and Essays" created the trend of literary criticism and is the ancestor of Chinese literary criticism. ③His "Yan Ge Xing" is the first complete seven-character poem in the history of Chinese literature, which had a great influence on the creation of seven-character poems in later generations. Anecdotes and Allusions: Love of Grapes
Emperor Wen of Wei, Cao Pi, loved grapes very much when he was still alive, and he made the ancient rose apple.
This is recorded in "Books with Wu Jian" and "Chao Qun Yi": "The elders of the third generation know how to take clothes, and the elders of the fifth generation know how to eat. This saying is that people who are not elders know how to eat and drink." ...There are many precious fruits in China, and the grape is also called grape. It can relieve irritability and quench thirst. It can also be brewed into wine. It is easy to wake up after being drunk. If you eat it yourself, you would rather have the same fruit." Cao Pi also wrote in his edict: "There are longan lychees in the south, which are better than the grapes and stones in the west?"
It can be seen that Cao Pi really loves grapes. Yun Wen Yun Wu
Cao Pi was good at fencing, riding, and archery, and was good at games and chess. In his autobiography in "Dian Lun", he even boasted of his extraordinary archery skills, being able to "shoot left and right", which can be said to be both civil and military.
On one occasion, Cao Pi had a banquet with the general Liu Xun of Pinglu and the general Deng Zhan of Fenwei. Cao Pi had always heard that Deng Zhan was proficient in martial arts and was good at using all kinds of weapons, and he could also use swords with bare hands. Therefore, Cao Pi talked about swordsmanship with Deng Zhan. As they talked, Cao Pi said bluntly: "I used to be very interested in swordsmanship." I have done research and received superb teachings. I think there is something wrong with what you just said." Deng Zhan was very unconvinced after hearing what Cao Pi said and asked to compete with Cao Pi in actual combat. At this time, everyone was eating sugar cane after being drunk with wine, so they used sugar cane as swords and started fighting at the back of the palace. After several rounds, Cao Pi hit Deng Zhan's arm three times in a row, and everyone on the left and right burst out laughing. Deng Zhan blushed, became even more unconvinced, and asked to do it again. Cao Pi deliberately said: "My sword is fast and concentrated, and it is difficult to hit the opponent's face, so it only hit your arm." Deng Zhan said: "Stop talking, let's do it again." Cao Pi knew that this time Deng Zhan would suddenly attack the center, pretending to attack Deng casually. As expected by Cao Pi, Deng Zhan rushed over fiercely, but Cao Pi quickly retreated and dodged. He shot like the wind, volleyed from above, and hit Deng Zhan on the forehead, which made everyone who was drinking together scream.
After the sword fight ended, Cao Pi and Deng Zhan continued to drink. Cao Pi smiled and said to Deng Zhan: "Once upon a time, there was a famous doctor named Yang Qing. He once asked Chun Yuyi to make him I think General Deng should abandon all the old secrets and teach him the secret techniques. I think General Deng should abandon the old techniques and accept the new and important fencing methods.
" As soon as he finished speaking, everyone in the audience couldn't help but laugh. Making an oath on the stage
Yongshitai was originally part of the building complex of the Chengfu, the former capital of the Han and Wei dynasties. Cao Cao arranged for Cao Pi to practice literature and martial arts here. After Cao Pi married Queen Guo , so he placed her here and stayed with her all the time. However, as time passed, Queen Guo became increasingly sad. "I know that I was born in a humble family." I am not worthy of accompanying you. Although I am happy now, I may not be able to last long. After hearing this, Cao Pi swore to Queen Guo: "My love for you comes from my sincerity. This life and death and love will always be the same as before. This platform is the proof." "This palace platform was called Yongshi Terrace. Weeping for Wang Can
In the 22nd year of Jian'an (217), Wang Can, one of the seven sons of Jian'an, passed away. Cao Pi, who was still the eldest son of King Wei at that time, passed away. He had a very close friendship with him and went to mourn him in person. Cao Pi suggested: "Zhongxuan liked donkey braying when he was alive. Let's all imitate donkey brays to see him off!" " So the guests imitated the donkey's braying, and this incident became a good story for a while. Boiled beans and burning twigs
Cao Pi once ordered Cao Zhi to compose a poem within seven steps, otherwise he would be executed. Cao Zhi did it in seven steps. Within one step, he chanted: "Boil the beans to make soup, and drain the bean sprouts to make juice." The beetles are burning under the cauldron, and the beans are weeping in the cauldron. Since they are born from the same root, why be too hasty when they are in conflict with each other? "Cao Pi felt very ashamed after hearing this poem.
Note: This incident is not found in the official history of the Three Kingdoms, and this poem is not found in the Collection of Cao Zhi. Its authenticity has always been debated. Some people also think that There is indeed a story of brothers fighting against each other, but the existing "Seven Steps Poetry" is a false prediction for later generations.
In the fifth year of Emperor Xiping of the Han Dynasty (176 years), a yellow dragon appeared in the sky over Qiao County, Guanglu. Qiao Xuan, the doctor, asked Tai Shi Ling Shan: "What auspicious sign is this? Shan R replied: "In the future, a person who will be king will be born here. In less than fifty years, a yellow dragon will appear. Celestial phenomena often correspond to human affairs. This is the connection between heaven and man." " Huang Yin Deng silently wrote down these words. Forty-five years later, Yin Deng is still alive. In March of the first year of Yankang (220), Huanglong reappeared in Qiao County. When Yin Deng heard the news, he said: "Single r’s words, now it really comes true. " fortune-telling by fortune tellers
When Cao Pi was a general with five senses, he had a banquet. Cao Pi asked the fortune teller Zhu Jianping about his lifespan. Zhu Jianping said: "Your lifespan is eighty years. A small disaster, I hope you will be more careful. "Cao Pi died at the age of forty. Historical evaluation
Chen Shou: "Emperor Wen was gifted in literature and writing, and he was knowledgeable and knowledgeable, as well as talented and talented. , If you keep your will and keep the Tao, and conquer the vast virtuous heart, then how far are the wise masters of ancient times! "
Cao Zhi: "Xiangwei is a sage, Qiyi is young. After studying a few or six classics, one cannot learn from the court; if one devotes oneself to nothing, one will have a pure and clear will to resist. The talent is as bright as the jade. ”
Bian Lan: “Study the classics, pay attention to the chapters, and look at the subtle details, and you will have unrivaled talents. You will be gifted with unique intelligence and wisdom, and have a unique style of understanding and understanding. Kindness and filial piety come from nature, and benevolence and forgiveness are indispensable. . Therefore, warriors show kindness and scholars return to virtue. I have secretly seen the classics and poems written, and the poems and poems are brilliant. The pondering springs are springing up, and the flowers and algae are floating. I forget my taste after listening to them, and I read them without getting tired. ”
Ge Hong: “Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Wei’s military culture and the final system have focused on frugality. This is the way of Mozi, which is feasible. "
Liu Xie: "Wei Wen's talents are vast and pure, and the old talk is suppressed. This is called planting thousands of miles. However, Zijian was quick in thinking and talented, and his poems were beautiful and expressive; Zihuan was careful and supportive, so he did not compete with the first. And Yuefu Qingyue, "Dian Lun" debate, choose short and long, there is no confusion. However, the common sentiments were suppressed and the same echoes were heard, so Emperor Wen was ordered to use his position to reduce his talents, and King Si was embarrassed by his power to gain value. This is not a clear conclusion. "
Yuan Rongzu: "In the past, Cao Cao and Cao Pi mounted their horses to cross the pole, and then dismounted to talk. This was worthy of the world!" "
"Complete Sui Dynasty": "Emperor Gaozu Wen of the Wei Dynasty was all over the world and had five capitals. Called Ning Yan. "
Wang Bo: "Emperor Wen was a wealthy man in the Spring and Autumn Period. He only abdicated, was thrifty when in court, read the tombs extensively, was gentle and courteous, and was a gentleman. "
Hao Chujun: "In the past, Emperor Wen of the Wei Dynasty issued an order that even if there was a young master, the queen was not allowed to come to the court, so it was the end of trouble. "
Liu Zhiji: "Emperor Wen did not use force when facing an army. He loved luxury for the country, tolerated harming the virtuous, and cared little about his own flesh and blood. ”
Zhang said: “As the prince, King Wen of Zhou Dynasty never tired of worshiping etiquette; while Emperor Wen of Wei Dynasty was in the Qing Palace, he loved the past and never slacked off. Immortal name. "
Wang Kai: "Emperor Wen was able to study literature at the age of eight, and he had extensive knowledge of ancient and modern times and the history of classics. And occupying the throne of the emperor is beneficial to humility. I can’t sit down without reading, and my hands can’t let go of the scroll. "
Chen Liang: "As for the hope that the tired people at that time would be able to walk loudly and talk without fear, it might as well be repeated three times. So when Wu and Shu fought for the emperor, the common people of China almost stopped. Therefore, after reigning for seven years, he was given the posthumous title Wen Ye. "
Hao Jing: "Pete was responsible for the thief of the stolen goods. *** Pi Zhizhi thought that he could do it, so he gave in calmly. He thought that Shun and Yu would come back, and he deceived himself very much! Moreover, he is frivolous and extravagant, and has not eliminated the habits of a noble and arrogant son. He is not careful in his conduct, breaks the rules of etiquette, is harsh on his own flesh and blood, kills his own roots, and is a sign of chaos and destruction.
Kong Ming said that he was an earth dragon and a cud dog, so it was a good idea! ”
Zhang Pu: “When a hegemonic dynasty is established, its strength will be replaced by old ones. When it comes to waiting for the Duke of Shanyang to survive, and to treat Yang Biao, an old official of the Han Dynasty, without taking away his ambition, it is not possible for Meng De to achieve great virtue. "
Hu Yinglin: "There are no three generations of poets who have passed down poetry, and they are both passed down and famous. The only ones are Cao, Pi and Rui'er. However, if the name of the white horse is preserved in Zhong "Pin", then Biao Dang can also write poems. Rencheng's military power was outstanding, and Cangshu's wisdom was outstanding. How can I be so talented? It’s fair to say that Sun Zhongmou has given birth to a son like this! "
Wang Shizhen: "From the three generations onwards, no master's writings are more beautiful than those of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Wen of the Wei Dynasty. "
***: "Cao Pi is also his son, and he has some talents, but he is far inferior to Cao Cao. Cao Pi was also mediocre in politics, but he later became emperor and was Emperor Wen of Wei. The so-called "Jian'an Literature" in history was actually concentrated around their father and son. It is rare in history for two generations of a family to be talented and famous! "
Guo Moruo: "Cao Pi is also much smarter than Nai Di in terms of political opinions, and sometimes it can be said that he is better than his father in terms of politician's demeanor. For example, eunuchs are not allowed to serve as officials, mothers are prohibited from intervening in government affairs, seniority is not limited in recruiting scholars but they must be correct, light punishments and low taxes are imposed, revenge is prohibited, obscenity is prohibited, tomb sacrifices are prohibited, and the Shoulu Mausoleum is built to strive for frugality, etc. Everything shows that he is a typical example of an old-style wise king. "
Ma Zhijie: "Judging from Cao Pi's political facilities, they are also quite good. Compared with other feudal emperors, Cao Pi is still above average. "
Ye Jiaying: "After Emperor Wen of Wei came to the throne, he issued edicts to stop the army, to impose low taxes, and to issue light punishments. He is really an idealistic emperor who hopes to govern the world better. But it is a pity that he died after only being emperor for seven years. He was only forty years old when he died.
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