2. This poem reflects the cruel social reality and people's sufferings in the Zhou Dynasty, and expresses the author's thoughts and feelings of grief and anger towards the social reality.
Attachment: Appreciation of works
The Flowers of Heng, The Book of Songs, Xiaoya, Fish and Algae. Chinese poetry in pre-qin period. The whole poem consists of three chapters, each with four sentences. This is a hungry poem. The first chapter of the poem says that the flowers in the mausoleum are yellow, which makes me really sad. The second chapter says that Lingheng's leaves are green. If I had known this world, I would have been better off not being born. The last chapter says that people are thin in famine years, and it is difficult to fill their stomachs even if people eat people. Poetry reflects the tragic scene of famine years.
To annotate ...
(1) tiáo: the name of the plant, namely Camptotheca acuminata. Lianas, creeping, with yellow flowers.
Yellow: Faded yellow. Metaphor life is down and out.
② Ye Qingqing: refers to Hualuo, Ye Sheng. Metaphor is not long.
(3) the head of the sheep's tomb (zāng): the head of the ewe is thin and barren. Metaphor of human poverty.
There are three stars in the sky. There are no fish in the cage. Fish can go in, but they can't come out.
Fresh: widowed; Less.
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Camptotheca acuminata is in full bloom. It looks yellow. I feel sad, how sad!
Lingxiao's flowers are colorful, and Ye Qingqing hangs on the branches. Knowing that I am like this is better than not being born.
The ewe is thin, and the starlight shines quietly. If people can eat, too little is not enough.
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Preface to Mao's Poems says: The Language of Heng Zhi was written by a doctor. When the king lived in seclusion, Xirong and Dongyi invaded China, and their divisions and brigades started together. Because of this, Mr. Wang was hungry, hurt himself and pretended to write poetry. "From the point of view of the poem itself, only writing people without food, disaster is hard to survive. Faced with this reality, the poet feels that it is better not to be born in this famine. " The lawsuit of crouching in the art forest says: "If the sheep is beheaded, the gentleman is not satisfied. Hungry people are in danger. " This is an understanding of aligned poetry, which is more straightforward than the statement in Preface to Mao Shi and more in line with the original meaning of poetry. Mao's preface does not include any speculation (that is, the so-called "harmony" and "people will die"). As for the author, it is hard to say that he is a "doctor". Judging from the content of the poem "Singing for Food", he may be a hungry man or a lower-class scholar who understands and sympathizes with the people.
The poem consists of three chapters. The first two chapters begin with two sentences, saying that China is in full bloom, with yellow green leaves and flowers. These two sentences are full of vitality because of the flowers and leaves that the poet saw. The leaves are blue, white and yellow, but people in famine years can hardly make a living. The poet introduces emotion from association, and the two sentences at the end of the two chapters are emotion. Poets are distressed by the famine, and people are struggling with hunger. It is difficult to have a way to live, but it is not as free and vigorous as a plant. To this end, he felt very sad in his heart and felt that his greatest regret was being born in this world. The vastness of heaven and earth originally valued people, but the poem envied unconscious plants instead, and even said "it is better to be lifeless" to express grief and indignation.
Although the first two chapters spit out the poet's strong feelings and uncontrollable anxiety and resentment, the causes of this anxiety and resentment are still hidden in Bixing, which was not revealed until the third chapter. As Fang Yurun said in the Qing Dynasty, the phrase "the sheep with roe deer" is "very strange in language" (the original Book of Songs). Because of "strangeness", the old sayings are varied and irrelevant. Only Zhu's explanation is the most poetic. He said: "the sheep are barren, and there are no fish in the still water, but the light of three stars." When you are hungry, everything is dying. " (Biography of Poems) This is the reason why the poet complains that he is angry. It means: "When there is nothing to eat in the famine year, the ewe is killed, but only a big head is left; Let's go fishing. There are only starlight and no fish in the bamboo boat fishing in the water. " These two things are listed here. Wang Zhaoyuan in the Qing Dynasty analyzed and said, "If you raise a sheep and land things, you can know that if you raise a fish, you can imagine the consumption of water." The last two sentences, "People can eat, but seldom have enough to eat", are the most painful cries. It's terrible that people eat people and the same kind eat each other. But what this poem says is that even if people can eat, there are not many left. As readers can imagine, sheep that eat grass are all thin and have no meat to eat, not to mention people who have been hungry for a long time. Needless to say, they are all skin and bones. Even if all these people are eaten, it is difficult to fill their stomachs. This statement in the poem makes readers feel very creepy and further promotes the tragic scene. Compared with the poem "Drought in the south of the Yangtze River, Quzhou people eat people" (Bai Juyi's "Light Fat") written in the Tang Dynasty, it shocked readers even more. For these two sentences, Wang Zhaoyuan specially wrote down a fact she heard and confirmed it. The article said: "In three or four years in the eastern province, a hundred miles of bare land was deserted and everyone ate each other. Men who sell women at low prices will be crushed to death by pillows. I have seen it with my own eyes, and reading this poem is a big breath. " He said to himself again, "At noon, Dashan and Zuo Ren ate each other. The silent man and his brother Mr. Helan talked about this poem, saying that' people can eat' and eat people; Can't be full', people are thin. This statement is absolutely painful, attached here. " Therefore, the cruel social reality and people's sufferings reflected in this poem are universal in the long-term feudal society, which fully shows the strength of the realistic spirit of The Book of Songs.