1. refining words not only makes poetry concise, but also has a function of making it more accurate. Li Yu only talked about this point in "My Opinion on Ci": "Although it is expensive and novel, it must be new and appropriate. In ancient poetry, there is a story of "a teacher who speaks in one word" and "half river water", which tells how to refine words accurately and make them reasonable.
2. Vivid images and refined words not only make the poem concise and accurate, but also make the poem more vivid and expressive. Du Fu became a poet not only because of his concern for the country and the people and his gloomy style of writing, but also because of the accuracy and vividness of his language.
Du Fu is very particular about the tempering of language. The so-called "keeping a good sentence is human nature, and the language is not surprising and endless" and the so-called "clear poetry and beautiful sentences must be neighbors" are his lifelong pursuits. Therefore, his poetic language is vivid and vivid, which strongly expresses poetry and theme. For example, the words "the stars are leaning down from the clearing and the moon is running from the river" in One Night in a Foreign Country are very impressive in the refinement of Chinese characters: it is precisely because of the vastness of Ye Ping that we can see the stars hanging like pendants.
A word "vertical" embodies the vastness of Ye Ping; Because of the "big river flow", the moon shadow in the river flows like a flood. The word "surging" sets off the momentum of the great river running. The word "Qu" in "Wan He is near Jingmen" in "Yong Huai Bei" vividly depicts the mausoleum winding outside the mountain. In Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, the word "sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things quietly" describes the spring rain with knowledge and feelings, and also describes its rainy and quiet characteristics.
3. Being able to broaden the artistic conception and refine the characters serves the theme. Exquisite words can make the artistic conception of poetry extend forward or in depth, increase touching power and naturally express the theme better. For example, Wang Wei's "Seeing Two Ambassadors Off to Anxi" is a poem about seeing them off halfway. The poet expressed his deep and sincere feelings of farewell in clean and natural language.
The word "Geng" in the third sentence "Advise you to drink more wine" plays this role. Because the first two sentences of the poem, "The Acropolis is warm and dusty, and the guest room is green and willow-colored", are like the background of a lyric short play, only the appropriate time and place and necessary props, scenes and time are arranged for the protagonist's appearance. The poet's farewell feelings are mainly in the last two sentences, but limited to the quatrains system, there is not much room for expression.
Therefore, in three or four sentences, the poet makes the plot jump greatly: he abandons the description of the general process of farewell, jumps from the description of the environment to the end of the farewell banquet, omits all the scenes before and during the banquet, and selects the most touching scene and the most emotional moment from a series of farewell scenes and actions: "Advise you to make more wine and go out to Yangguan for no reason."
"Better" means that you have drunk a lot of wine and are still urging you to drink. This is really "a toast to every bosom friend". On the other hand, the poet's thousands of words are also pinned on this last glass of wine. Among them, there are comforts for friends who are far away from home, good wishes for friends, and deep feelings for leaving themselves.
In these two poems, the former is a dignified action with emotional characteristics, and the latter is a confession blurted out from the heart, which makes the farewell between the subject and the object reach a saturation point and makes the feelings expressed by the poet particularly concentrated and strong. Therefore, when composing this poem, composers of past dynasties paid more attention to these two sentences and recited them repeatedly, such as "The Three Company of Dashi Diaoyang Pass" in the Yuan Dynasty, and added "Advise you to drink more" to the song.
It is said that when the flute blows to the last stack of high notes, the word "Geng" in "The Pipe is Broken" is a concise and exquisite poetic eye, and because of this, it will be repeatedly lamented that "the pipe is broken". Liu's Moonlit Night also develops the artistic conception by refining the characters: "The moonlight is deeper than half a family, and the Beidou withers south.
Tonight, I know that spring is warm and the sound of insects is new through the green screen window. The first two issues are out of date, and there is nothing special about writing. The last two sentences are the essence, and the word "Tou" is the poetic eye. The poet uses the word "head" to highlight the strength of "insect sound", express the dynamic beauty of life, depict vitality in the silence of spring moonlight night, and expand the artistic conception outward.