2. "Rhetoric" includes metaphor, analogy, metonymy, exaggeration, duality, parallelism, rhetorical questions and so on.
3. "Expression techniques" include: expressing meaning with objects, expressing feelings with scenery, expressing feelings with objects, expressing feelings with objects and expressing feelings with scenery directly; Contrast, foil, symbol, foil, imagination, association, foil, foil, hold up, mourn and render; Dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination, and suppression combination; Side description and front description; Direct lyric, indirect lyric, etc.
4. "Structural techniques" include: straight to the point, expressing ambition, making the finishing point, paving the way, paving the way for suspense, connecting the preceding with the following, and echoing from beginning to end; Direct narration, flashback, interpolation, etc.
Note that this also applies to poetry appreciation.
If it is not enough, please refer to the following more detailed information:
The concept of "expression technique" is often involved in the reading part of modern Chinese college entrance examination, but the understanding of this concept has always been vague. In the 2007 National College Entrance Examination 18 sets of papers, five sets involved this concept, which shows the seriousness of the problem.
1. Hainan Ningxia VolumeNo. 13 Question: "What kind of person is the poor dial? What expression does the author use to describe this character? Please analyze it briefly. "
2. Question 16 of Volume 1 of the whole country: "What expressive techniques did the fifth paragraph of the article describe the dead Populus euphratica forest? What are the benefits of writing like this? "
3. Jiangsu VolumeNo. 15: "The bright red harvester roared all the way. When they pass by, they will leave a golden stubble with a moist smell of wheat straw. " This sentence describes the wheat harvest scene in Guanzhong, please analyze its performance characteristics. "
4. Liaoning VolumeNo. 19: "What expressive techniques did the author use to write' fire' in the fourth and fifth paragraphs? Please analyze it briefly. "
5. Hunan Volume 2 1 Title: Choose one of the following angles and write an article of about 300 words for appreciation. ⑴ Briefly analyzed the performance art of the characters in the text. ⑵ Briefly analyze the main rhetorical devices in the article. ⑶ Analyze the structural characteristics of this paper.
The specific meaning of this concept is not clearly explained in the high school Chinese textbooks. So how do the proposers of the college entrance examination grasp this concept? We might as well list the main points of the answers in each volume as follows:
1. The answer to Hainan Ningxia Volume is "contrast method".
2. The answer to the first volume of the whole country is: using metaphor, personification rhetoric and imaginative expression.
3. The answer to the Jiangsu volume is: choose something representative of the wheat harvest; Describe from the perspectives of vision, hearing and smell; Using figurative rhetoric, language expression is full of charm.
4. The answer to the Liaoning Volume is: using rhetorical devices such as metaphor, personification and metaphor. Through the contrast between cold and warm, the warmth brought by fire is highlighted.
5. The main points of Hunan Volume are:
(1) (1) depicts the image of Liu Bannong from many aspects and angles. ② Grasping the characteristics of the characters, selecting representative events, and comparing and displaying the characters. ③ Comprehensive use of metaphor and contrast to express characters.
⑵ Metaphor and contrast are mainly used.
(3) (1) This paper takes time as a clue and the author's thoughts and feelings as the center, sorting out materials and narrating characters. (2) The structure is connected back and forth, interlocking. 3 echo before and after.
When we compare these answers, we will find that people who grasp this conceptual proposition are also different. Hainan Ningxia Volume is not controversial. There are some contradictions in the answer to the first volume of the whole country. What is the relationship between "rhetoric" and "expression"? If it is a parallel relationship, then according to the principle of answering what you ask, you only need to answer "imagination" instead of metaphor and personification. If it is subordinate, it should be answered as "using metaphor, personification and imagination", rather than making such an ambiguous expression as "using metaphor, personification and imagination". Liaoning Volume classifies "rhetorical devices" as "expressive devices". But the problem is coming again. "Metaphor, personification" is a rhetorical device, no problem. What exactly does "contrast" belong to? There is no "contrast" between the eight rhetorical devices mentioned in the outline. Usually people classify "contrast" as "performance". Even though "contrast" belongs to rhetoric, can things like "ideographic", "contrast" and "contrast" be regarded as rhetoric? If "expression" is a general concept and "rhetoric" is a concept subordinate to "expression", what kind of concept categories do "expressing meaning by things", "contrast" and "contrast" belong to? It can be seen that the handling method of Liaoning roll still cannot be justified. Jiangsu Volume and Hunan Volume avoid this problem and use "expressing characteristics" and "expressing art". Judging from the answers given, the proposers in the two provinces regard "expressive features" or "expressive art" as a generic concept, and "expressive methods", "rhetorical devices" and "structural devices" as subordinate concepts. It should be said that this treatment is reasonable and avoids the confusion between concepts.
In fact, these are some of the writing skills mentioned above. If it is not clearly defined, it is easy to appear the contradiction between the national volume I and the Liaoning volume. Here we might as well take "writing technique" as a general concept, and take "expression", "rhetoric technique", "expressive technique" and "structural technique" as its concepts, and then classify them as follows:
1. "Expression" includes: narration, explanation, discussion, description and lyricism.
2. "Rhetoric" includes metaphor, analogy, metonymy, exaggeration, duality, parallelism, rhetorical questions and so on.
3. "Expression techniques" include: expressing meaning with objects, expressing feelings with scenery, expressing feelings with objects, expressing feelings with objects and expressing feelings with scenery directly; Contrast, foil, symbol, foil, imagination, association, foil, foil, hold up, mourn and render; Dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination, and suppression combination; Side description and front description; Direct lyric, indirect lyric, etc.
4. "Structural techniques" include: straight to the point, expressing ambition, making the finishing point, paving the way, paving the way for suspense, connecting the preceding with the following, and echoing from beginning to end; Direct narration, flashback, interpolation, etc.
Actually, I copied it, too. I don't know if it will help.