"Ode to the Dusk River" by Bai Juyi
A setting sun spreads over the water, half of the river is rustling and half of the river is red.
Poor on the third night of September, the dew is like pearls and the moon is like a bow.
[Comments]
1. Shop: (pū)
[Analysis]
This landscape poem was written around the time of Changqing II of the Tang Dynasty Year (822). In July of this year, Bai Juyi was appointed as the governor of Hangzhou from Zhongshushe. He passed through Xiangyang and Hankou and resisted on October 1. This poem was written on his way to Hangzhou. The wonderful idea of ??the whole poem lies in the combination of two beautiful pictures of nature. One is the gorgeous scene of the setting sun and the sunset reflecting on the river; the other is the hazy night with the crescent moon rising and the dewdrops crystal clear. The two have their own beautiful scenery when viewed separately, and they are even more wonderful when read together. Because this poem permeates the poet's relaxed and joyful liberating mood and personality after he was forced to stay away from the court, the whole poem has become an artistic carrier of the poet's aesthetic and psychological functions under his specific situation.
[Introduction to the author]
Bai Juyi (772～846) was a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The courtesy name is Lotte, and his nickname is Xiangshan layman and Mr. Zuiyin. His ancestral home is Taiyuan, and he later moved to Xiagui. In the 16th year of Zhenyuan, he passed the Jinshi title. During the Yuanhe period, he served as Hanlin bachelor, Zuo Shiyi and Zuo Zanshan. In the 10th year of Yuanhe, he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima, and later moved to Zhongzhou as governor. During the reign of Emperor Mu Zong, people from Zhongshushe served as the governor of Hangzhou and the governor of Suzhou. In his later years, the prince's guests and the prince's young master were divided into divisions in the Eastern Capital.
Appreciation 1
"Ode to the Dusk River" is one of Bai Juyi's "Miscellaneous Poems". The characteristic of these poems is that they can express their innermost feelings honestly and naturally through the chanting of one moment and one thing, with a smile and a chant.
The poet chose two sets of scenery for description during the period from the red sun setting in the west to the new moon rising in the east. The first two sentences describe the river water in the setting sun. "A setting sun spreads over the water." The setting sun shines on the river. Instead of saying "shine", it says "spreading". This is because the "setting sun" is close to the horizon and is almost touching the ground. It really seems to be "spreading" on the river. It is very vivid; the word "Pu" also appears gentle, describing the softness of the autumn sunset, giving people a friendly and relaxed feeling. "Half the river is rustling and half the river is red", the weather is clear and windless, the river flows slowly, and the surface of the river wrinkles with small ripples. The parts that receive more light show a "red" color; the parts that receive less light show a deep blue color. The poet grasped the two colors appearing on the river surface, but showed the scene of the fine waves of the dusk river under the setting sun, and the light and color changing rapidly. The poet was intoxicated and placed his joy in the description of the scenery.
The last two sentences describe the night scene of the rising new moon. The poet lingered until the first moon rose and the cool dew fell, and a more beautiful realm appeared before his eyes. The poet leaned over and took a look: Haha, the grass by the river is covered with crystal dewdrops. The drops of clear dew on the green grass are like pearls inlaid on it! Using "real pearls" as a metaphor not only describes the roundness of dewdrops, but also the shining luster of dewdrops under the clear light of the new moon. Look up again: a crescent moon rises, it's like a delicate bow hanging on the blue sky! The poet compressed the two scenes of heaven and earth into one poem - "The dew is like pearls and the moon is like a bow." From the bow-like crescent moon, the author remembered that it was the "third night of September" and couldn't help praising its cuteness. He expressed his emotions directly and pushed his feelings to a climax, causing waves in the poem.
What a harmonious and peaceful artistic conception the poet created through the description of the visual images of "dew" and "moon"! It is amazing to use such novel and ingenious metaphors to carefully color and describe nature. From describing the dusk river to praising the moon dew, there seems to be a missing connection in time, and the "night" in "the third night of September" invisibly connects time. It connects with "twilight" on the top and "twilight" on the bottom. "Dew" and "Moon" are connected, which means that the poet has been enjoying the moon from dusk to the dew above, which contains the poet's joy and love for nature.
This poem was probably written by Bai Juyi in the second year of Changqing (822) on his way to Hangzhou to serve as governor. At that time, the government was dim and the party struggle between Niu and Li was fierce. The poet was familiar with the taste of officialdom and asked for a foreign post. This poem reflects the poet's relaxed and happy mood after leaving the court. What I saw on the road, I chanted it casually, the style is fresh, natural and gratifying, and it gives people a beautiful enjoyment after reading it. (Zhang Yanjin)
Appreciation 2
The aesthetic discovery of "the clear scenery of the world" - Appreciation of Bai Juyi's "Ode to the Dusk River"
This landscape poem was written about In the second year of Tang Changqing's reign (822). In July of this year, Bai Juyi was appointed as the governor of Hangzhou from Zhongshushe. He passed through Xiangyang and Hankou and resisted on October 1. This poem was written on his way to Hangzhou.
The wonderful idea of ??the whole poem lies in the combination of two beautiful pictures of nature. One is the gorgeous scene of the setting sun and the sunset reflecting on the river; the other is the hazy night with the crescent moon rising and the dewdrops crystal clear. The two have their own beautiful scenery when viewed separately, and they are even more wonderful when read together. Precisely because they show a movement process of time and space displacement, this secretly points out the poet's long travel time and strong interest. Thus, it artistically expresses the poet's aesthetic process of being infected and intoxicated by the natural scenery. Because this poem permeates the poet's relaxed and joyful liberating mood and personality after he was forced to stay away from the court, the whole poem has become an artistic carrier of the poet's aesthetic and psychological functions under his specific situation.
"A setting sun spreads across the water." It is more vivid and accurate to say "shop" instead of "photo". The "setting sun" not only shines on the river, but also dyes the entire sky red with its afterglow, and the fiery red sunset falls and spreads on the quiet green river. Under the warm escort of the setting sun, the sunset blends into the river. The gorgeous scenery, half hidden and half visible, half dark and half bright, is so charming. Yang Shen's "Sheng'an Waiji" of the Ming Dynasty cited other poems by Bai Juyi, such as "Green banks on both sides, rustling water in the center"; "Rain on the sand heads dyes the spotted grass, and the wind on the water drives the rustling waves" to illustrate that the poet often likes to use the word "thither". A word to describe the blue color of water waves. His "Sheng'an Poetry Talk" commented on this poem: "The poem has a rich rhyme, saying that the setting sun spreads over the water, half of the river is as green as a rustling color, and half of the river is reflected by the red sun. It can be said to be a work of art." This wonderful scenery of sparkling golden waves, intertwined dark and green lights, and ever-changing scenery is indeed as described in "Poetry of the Tang and Song Dynasties" that this poem "describes wonderful scenery, and is a picture of a colored autumn river."
Mr. Zong Baihua said: "The artistic conception is not a natural representation of a single plane, but a creation with deep realms." ("The Birth of Chinese Artistic Conception") If we say that the Southern Dynasties In Xie Tiao's "Climbing Three Mountains at Night and Looking at the Capital City", he wrote about the sunset scenery of the Spring River: "The remaining clouds are scattered into clouds, and the Chengjiang River is as quiet as practice", which is purely from the "noble and noble appearance" of that era (Zhong Rong's "Poetry") The accumulation and externalization of literary and artistic thoughts in Xie Tiao's aesthetic consciousness; it only describes a condensed moment at sunset, like a sketch of a spring river made of light splashes of ink; then, Bai Juyi's "A setting sun spreads over the water, half "Jiang Se Se half river red" is a trend of literary and artistic thought since the Tang Dynasty that "searches for images, enters the mind into the environment, connects the spirit with things, and obtains by the heart" (Wang Changling's words, see "Tang Yin Gui Sign" Volume 2) , in Bai Juyi's writings, the artistic conception created by the cohesion of aesthetics. It artistically shows a process of movement in time and space. It is not only a magnificent watercolor painting, but also like a set of shots in a color film. Therefore, as the long shot goes by, our aesthetic consciousness quickly shifts to the long and short shot. The combination of "The dew is like pearls and the moon is like a bow" came out one after another.
Hegel said: "Poetry is not limited to a certain space and a certain moment in a certain plot like painting, which makes it possible to follow what is written. The inner depth of the object and the breadth of its development over time express it." ("Aesthetics", Volume 3, page 6) This relies on the expressive poem "Poor Third Night of September" as the glue of inner emotions. . It is this unique aesthetic sentiment under the consciousness of specific time and space that creates the two lens systems of "half river and half river red" and "dew like pearls and moon like bow" into a dynamic artistic whole. Eisenstein said: "The alignment of two montage shots is not the sum of two numbers but more like the product of two numbers." This can be understood as the multi-dimensional intersection and two-way feedback artistic structure of any artistic style, which contains The artistic connotation will be more mellow, rich and solid, and it often brings a vague and complex mixed emotion to people. You see, when the setting sun is reflected and the Sese River spread out by the sunset, it gradually disappears from the poet's field of vision, and another beautiful and quiet montage shot is gently swaying and stretching in front of the poet's eyes. Looking up, the bow-like crescent moon hangs and floats high in the vast blue sky; looking down, crystal dewdrops condense and shine on the flowers and plants along the river. It is really "a pearl in the spring, a painting with a jade, every sentence and every word, all out of the ordinary state". (Borrowing Yin Fan's comment on Wang Wei in "The Collection of Heroes in Heyue") The poet couldn't help but praise: "What a lovely night!" This was both wonder and intoxication. The poet's extremely joyful and light mood, his longing for detachment and tranquility, are all presented in detail but very implicit, making people endlessly pondering and understanding. Here, we can refer to Wen Yiduo's praise for "Moonlight Night on the Spring River": "A more desolate cosmic consciousness, a deeper, more vast and tranquil realm. In the face of the magical eternity, the author can only be stunned, without longing, without any hope." sad". "What he got seemed to be a more mysterious and silent smile. He was more confused, but also satisfied." ("The Self-Redemption of Palace Poetry") Isn't it? When we read such poems today, we can't help but have mythical reverie: Could that mysterious crescent moon in the dark blue sky really be those little angels in the sky? The shining bow drawn by the little fairy, and those dewdrops must be the projectiles they shoot into the blue sky and scatter into the world in the game! This is really a wonderful state.
"Ode to the Dusk River", as Bai Juyi's aesthetic discovery of "the clear scenery of the world", will always maintain its wonderful artistic vitality. This poem will always inspire and awaken us to pay attention to the creation of our own aesthetic psychological functions. How much "poor night on the third day of September" can there be in life? ! However, as long as you look at nature with an artistic eye, you will feel how passionately nature soothes your soul, and you will feel the warmth and brightness of life, the fulfillment and satisfaction of life. This is the sublimation and purification of human nature.