Written by Ren Ruijie on March 2005 10.
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Appreciation of Liu Yong's poems
Repost.
Willow is an important image in ancient poetry. Around it, countless scholars have created countless famous chapters. Studying them and analyzing them is an important part of Chinese teaching and an important link to improve middle school students' Chinese literacy. Now choose some of its famous articles to analyze.
Liu Yong and Zhang Zhi
Jasper dressed as a tree, hanging down ten thousand green silk tapestries.
I don't know who cut the thin leaves, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors.
This poem compares the willow tree to a charming little jasper by personification, which is charming and moving. It compares the spring breeze to a skillful craftsman by rhetorical questions and metaphors, praises the vibrant spring breeze and shows the author's love for nature and life.
Give Liu Li shangyin
Willow color on the platform, bright or dark-all the roads, willow branches are dancing like young girls.
Many people have heard the praise of Liu Feng to the extreme, and now what they see is just the same graceful.
The charming willow color has reached the bridge, and my heart is behind me when I watch the willow color cut off and extend across the bridge to the long beach.
Liu Er is really thoughtful, releasing catkins like snow, floating and flying in the brothel.
The author of the first poem seems to be standing in the sky, and his vision extends from Zhangtai Street in Chang 'an to Ying Road in Chu, and willows are everywhere. Everyone says it's romantic, and coming here is my most beautiful time. Walking along the bridge, the bridge comes to an end, but looking around and looking along the long embankment, there is no end in sight. The neat neckline shows the author's love for willow trees. The "forbearance" of the tail couplet is actually unbearable. How can you bear to watch catkins fly, fly to restaurants and play wine flags? Because catkins are flying, spring is about to pass. It shows the author's love for spring scenery.
Liu
I used to chase the east wind, just like a dancer dancing at a banquet. It was a spring full of flowers, and people were playing in Leyuan Scenic Area.
How can I go to that clear autumn day when the sun is setting and the smoke is curling up?
This poem describes willow trees in autumn, but it begins with willow trees in spring. Wicker dance, chasing the east wind, dancing with dancers above the banquet. The charming spring scenery makes people crazy and linger. Three or four sentences are steep, but weeping willows are sad in autumn, in the sunset and in cicadas, how can they be sad? Poetry wants to promote and suppress first, which entrusts the author with infinite personal feelings. Time flies when he hurts himself, but there is no door to serve the country and he is unhappy.
Li Shangyin has great affection for Liu. In his poetry collection, there are as many as a dozen poems written by vitamin alone, and even more poems use the word Liu. Generally speaking, there are the following situations.
First, recite the metaphor of willow.
Among many plants, willow sprouts early, so it is often captured by sensitive poets to describe spring. Traditionally, willow becomes a symbol of spring. The representative work of this kind of poem is "Give a Willow": "The shadows on the platform are heavy, and the road is more uneven. Many people have heard the praise of Liu Feng to the extreme, and now what they see is just the same graceful. The charming willow color has reached the bridge, and my heart is behind me when I watch the willow color cut off and extend across the bridge to the long beach. Endure the flowers like snow, and the brothel flies the wine flag. " The first couplet says that willows are everywhere from north to south. "Shade" and "staggered" describe the lush scene of willow, with soft strips hanging down, either bright or dark, pointing out that it is spring at this time. Zhuan Xu wrote that the soft willow branches danced in the spring breeze. Liu's figure in "Romantic Moon" and "Graceful" is light, just like a girl, very touching. The continuous willow color in the neck couplet and tail couplet attracts the poet's eyes, crosses the bridge embankment and comes to the bustling world. Flowers flying like "snow" write the prosperity of spring willow to the extreme, which also implies that it is not far from withering, revealing the poet's regret.
The whole poem is eight sentences, pure painting. There is not a word "Liu" in the article, every sentence is written in Liu, and the figure of a gentle and graceful girl seems to be swaying between the lines, graceful and affectionate. In fact, chanting willow is about singing people, and loving willow is also about attachment and yearning for people.
Second, Liu Yong hurt himself.
Willow branches are slender and slim, which conforms to the figure of a beautiful woman, so the ancients often use willow as a portrayal of a beautiful woman. The masterpiece of this kind of poem is Liu: "I once danced with Dongfeng and enjoyed the Spring Garden." How can I be willing to go to clear autumn, accompanied by sunset and cicada singing! "The poem is about the willow tree in autumn, but the poet is not starting from now, but remembering its spring scene first, and then returning to the willow tree in front of him. You see, in the paradise where women are like clouds, in the bustling spring, graceful spring willows and dancing girls are combined in a lively dance feast, and you can't tell who the dancer is, what the willow branches are and how beautiful the artistic conception is! The autumn willow in front of us is the opposite scene. " "Clear Autumn", "Sunset" and "Qiu Chan" touch the desolation of the environment, and the prosperity of spring willows reflects the decline of autumn willows. The more prosperous and proud the spring is, the more haggard the autumn willows are. It is through this strong contrast that the poet expressed his lament over the sparse autumn willows.
The whole poem is all about willow, but there is no word "willow". Every sentence is about scenery, and every sentence is lyric. When the poet was young, he was full of fantasy, self-confidence and lofty aspirations, just like a spring willow full of vitality. However, due to the partisan struggle, the poet has been living a sinking life. The disparity between prosperity and poverty in his poems is a true portrayal of the poet's life experience of self-injury and self-sighing. .
Third, bid farewell to the willow tree.
The homonym of willow is "stay", which often means to stay. Because the willow is soft and long, and the wind blows into a lingering shape, the ancients often fold the willow to bid farewell. The representative work of this kind of poem is "Give a Folding Willow from the Pavilion": "For the time being, let's raise a glass to kill boredom, and don't lose your brow and waist. There is only one thing before the end of the world, and the spring breeze strives to cherish the strip? " For the helpless parting, we can only rely on a glass of wine to drive away the sadness for the time being. Since it is irreparable, take good care of yourself. Nothing is more painful than parting except death. Don't spare the long wicker in the spring breeze, let the parting people climb as much as possible! Facing the willows, the branches are swaying and it is difficult to give up, but my friends have to leave. How can this situation not be disgusted?
Fourth, render the atmosphere.
In Li Shangyin's poems, many poems borrowed willows, which played a role in rendering the atmosphere. The former is like two sentences in Sui Palace: "The firefly has gone, has left the wind and frost grass, and is still among the weeping willows and crows." Positive rendering of the desolate scene after the demise of the Sui Dynasty. The latter is like two sentences in February 2: "Flower beard is a rogue, and purple butterfly wasp has feelings." Flowers, willows, bees and butterflies are the signs of life and vitality in spring, but they don't care about people's joys and sorrows, which is in sharp contrast with poets who lost their lives in spring, thus reflecting the poet's sad mood.
Appreciation of Liu Yong
Ma maoyuan
Jasper dressed as a tree, hanging down ten thousand green silk tapestries.
I don't know who cut the thin leaves, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors.
This is an object-chanting poem about willow trees in early spring and February.
Where should I start writing willow? There is no doubt that the beauty of its image lies in Naman's long branches. Once a year, it grows new green leaves and hangs down, which has a charming posture in the spring breeze. This is something that everyone can appreciate. In classical poetry, we often see this kind of image beauty to describe and compare a beautiful woman's slim figure and graceful waist. This poem is original. Turn it over. "Jasper makeup is as high as a tree", beginning with Vitamin beauty; "Thousands of strands of blue silk tapestry hang down", and these countless hanging silk also became her nepotism. The word "Gao" in the previous sentence sets off the graceful charm of beautiful Tingting; The word "hanging" in the next sentence means that the slender waist is swaying in the wind. There are no words "willow" and "waist branch" in the poem, but the beauty embodied by weeping willows and willows in early spring is vividly written. "Southern History" said that Liu Yong was the secretariat of Yizhou and presented several Shu Liu plants. "These stripes are very long and look like silk threads." Emperor Wu of Qi planted these willows in the Taichang cloud and in front of the temple, saying that they were "romantic and lovely". Here, wicker is called "green silk tapestry", which may be the hidden use of this famous allusion about willow. But it's a waste, and you can't see any traces.
"Jasper makeup" leads to "moss tapestry" and "who cut it". Finally, the intangible "spring breeze" is also vividly portrayed by "scissors". These "scissors" cut out bright green flowers and plants and put on a new makeup for the earth. It is the symbol of natural vitality and the inspiration of spring to people's beauty. From Jasper Makeup to Scissors, we can see a series of processes of the poet's artistic conception. A series of images in poetry are closely linked.
Some people may think: There were many famous beauties in ancient China, Liu. Why should we compare them with Jasper? I think this has two meanings: first, the name Jasper is related to the color of willow, and the words "green" and "green" in the next sentence complement each other. Second, Jasper will always leave a young impression in people's hearts. When it comes to Jasper, people will associate it with the popular Jasper Song "When Jasper Broke a Melon" and Jasper's Little Family Daughter (Xiao Yi Picking Lotus Poems) and other poems. Jasper has almost become a general term for young and beautiful women in ancient literary works. Comparing willow with jasper, people will imagine that this beauty has not yet reached its heyday; This willow is still a willow in early spring, and it is not the time to hide crows with dense branches and leaves; This is also related to the "thin leaves" and "February spring breeze" below.