Generally speaking, the moon in ancient poems is synonymous with homesickness. Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night: "The foot of the bed is bright, is there frost?" Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home. " How does this poem express Li Bai's feelings? Homesickness. The moon in the poem is no longer a purely objective image, but an image full of poet's feelings. Du Fu's "Remembering Brothers on a Moonlit Night": "He knows that the dew will frost tonight, and the moonlight at home will be bright! "Dew is always white, but tonight is whiter, because it feels like tonight; The moon is unknown everywhere, and my hometown is brighter because I miss my brother and my hometown. The poet takes fantasy as reality to highlight his nostalgia for his hometown. In the Tang Dynasty, Wang Jian wrote "Looking at Du Langzhong at Fifteen Nights": "Tonight, the moon is full, and I don't know whose house Qiu Si will fall." The poem points out the universal human feelings of this full moon night with euphemistic questions, and implicitly shows the poet's deep yearning for his hometown friends.
chrysanthemum
As the flower of Ao Shuang, some people praise its strong character, while others appreciate its lofty temperament. Qu Yuan's Lisao: "Drinking Mulan Dew in the morning and eating Qiuju in the evening are not beautiful." The poet symbolizes his noble character by drinking dew and eating flowers. Tang Yuanzhen's Chrysanthemum: "Autumn bushes are like Taoist priests, and the more they surround, the more inclined they are. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred in flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless. " Expressed the poet's pursuit of firmness and noble character. Other poems, such as "I'd rather hold incense on the branches and die than blow it into flowers" (Cold Chrysanthemum by Zheng Songxiaosi), "Dew in the Lonely East, Sand shines before the gold" (Two Chrysanthemums after Chongyang by Song Fan Chengda), all use chrysanthemums to express the poet's spiritual quality, and the chrysanthemums here undoubtedly become a portrayal of the poet's personality.
Chinese plum
Plum blossoms bloom cold first, and then blossom fragrant. Therefore, plum blossoms, like chrysanthemums, are admired and praised by poets. "Plum Blossom" by Chen Liang, a poet in the Song Dynasty: "A flower changes suddenly first, and ten thousand flowers are fragrant later." The poet grasped the characteristic that plum blossoms are the first to bloom, and wrote the quality of being the first in the world and not afraid of setbacks. This is not only Yongmei, but also praising himself. Wang Anshi's plum blossom: "It's not snow when you know it from afar, because it has a delicate fragrance." The poem not only describes the reasons why plum blossoms are scattered by the wind, but also implicitly shows the purity and whiteness of plum blossoms, which has received the artistic effect of good fragrance and lewdness. Lu You's famous sentence "Yongmei": "Scattered into mud, crushed into dust, only fragrance remains." Plum blossom is used to describe a person's unfortunate experience of being destroyed and his noble sentiment of not wanting to go with the flow. "Mo Mei" by Wang Mian in Yuan Dynasty: "Don't boast of its lewdness, just leave the air fresh and dry." It is also the plum blossom that shows that it is unwilling to go with the flow, shallow and profound.
loose
Pine trees are a model of fighting frost and snow, and naturally they are the object of praise. Li Bai's "Book for Huang Shang": "I hope you are loose, but be careful not to be peaches and plums." Wei always flatters powerful people, and Li Bai writes poems to persuade him to be an upright person. During the Three Kingdoms period, Serina Liu gave it to my brother: "If you don't suffer from cold, pine and cypress are sexual." The poet used this sentence to encourage his cousin to be as loyal as sending pines and cypresses, and to maintain noble quality under any circumstances.
lotus
Because "lotus" and "pity" are homonyms, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poetry to express love. For example, "Xizhou Qu" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "Lotus is picked in autumn in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and the lotus is over the head; Bow your head to get lotus seeds, which are as green as water. " "Lotus seed" means "Reiko Kobayakawa" and "green" means "clear". There are both real and imaginary here, which means pun. The rhetorical device of homophonic pun is used to express a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love.
Chinese parasol
Indus is a symbol of desolation and sadness. For example, Wang Changling's Poem of Long Letters in Autumn says, "The phoenix tree in Jinjing is yellow with autumn leaves, and the bead curtain does not frost at night. The smoked jade pillow has no color, and you can listen to the Nangong for a long time. " It is about a girl who is deprived of youth, freedom and happiness. In a desolate and lonely palace, she lay alone, listening to the palace leak. The first sentence of the poem begins with a phoenix tree with yellow leaves by the well, which sets off a bleak and cold atmosphere. Others, such as "One leaf makes a sound, and the empty steps drip to the light" (Tang Wen and Ting Yun's "More Leaky"), "The phoenix tree is raining even more until dusk" (Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice") and so on.
crazy
In ancient mythology, Du Yu (Wang Di), the king of Shu, was forced to give way to his courtiers and live in seclusion in the mountains. After his death, his soul became a cuckoo. Therefore, the cuckoo in ancient poetry has become a symbol of desolation and sadness. Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left, and Long Biaoyao had this letter": "Huayang fell to the ground and Wendao Longdu crossed five streams. I am worried about the bright moon, and I will go to Yelangxi with the wind. " The cuckoo is a kind of bird. The first sentence is the scene of the eyes, which conveys the feeling of parting and sadness in the bleak natural scenery. Three or four sentences express infinite nostalgia and deep sympathy for friends with the rich imagination of caring for the bright moon. He Zhu, a poet of the Song Dynasty, wrote "Remembering Qin E": "In the middle of the night, pear blossoms and snow just fell in the atrium; Pear blossoms are overwhelming, and azaleas cry blood. " In the middle of the night, the moonlight shines on the snow-white pear flowers in the courtyard, and the cuckoo is mourning, which makes people miss their loved ones more and feel sad. Poets express their deep homesickness by describing sad scenery. Others, such as "the lonely pavilion is cold in spring, the cuckoo sounds in the sunset" (Walking on the sand), "Zi Gui still cries blood in the middle of the night, but he can't call it back if he doesn't believe in the east wind" (Ling's "Sending Spring"), all express his sadness or homesickness with the cuckoo's wailing.
Chinese francolin
The song of partridge makes people sound like "I can't live without my brother", which is very easy to evoke the association of hard journey and full of parting. For example, "Autumn dusk is full of grass, and the partridges are far away" (Li Qunyu's "Jiuzipo Smells the partridges" in the Tang Dynasty), "Worrying about the river in the evening, the mountains are deep and the partridges smell" (Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man, Writing a Wall in Jiangxi").
Cicada in cold weather
After autumn, cicadas will not live long. After some autumn rains, cicadas will make a few intermittent moans, and their lives are at stake. Therefore, chilling has become synonymous with sadness. For example, Dondero's "Chanting Cicada" begins with two sentences: "The cicadas in the west are singing, and the guests in the south are thinking deeply." Singing in silence makes you deeply homesick in prison. Liu Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, began: "Cold cicadas are sad, the pavilion is late, and the shower is early." Before the direct description of parting, the feeling of "sadness" has filled the reader's heart, brewing an atmosphere that can touch parting. "Cold cicadas are whispering around me."
Goose goose
Hongyan is a large migratory bird, which moves southward every autumn, often causing homesickness and wandering sorrow. For example, Xue Daoheng, a native of the Sui Dynasty, wrote: "People return to yan zhen and think before spending." I had the idea of going home long before the flowers bloomed. But when the geese returned to the north, people had not returned home. When the poet was an official in the Northern Dynasties, he sent envoys to the Southern Dynasties and wrote this homesick poem, which was subtle and tactful. There are also stories about geese, such as "Smelling geese at night, homesickness, and getting sick in the New Year" (Ouyang Xiu plays Yuan Zhen), and "When the stars are broken, the flute sounds like people leaning against the building" (Zhao Xie's "Looking at Autumn in Chang 'an" in the Tang Dynasty). There are also letters referred to by Hongyan. Everyone is familiar with the allusions of Hongyan biography, and the application of Hongyan as a messenger in poetry is also very common. For example, "The wild geese don't answer me, and the river is full of autumn water" (Du Fu's "To Li Bai at the End of the Sky").
In addition, there is a metaphor for the girl's nostalgia with the maturity of plum, such as "looking back at the door, but smelling plum" (Li Qingzhao's "Dianjiang Lip"); Use floating clouds as a metaphor for wandering wanderers, such as "I want to think of you in the floating clouds, so I think of me in the sunset" (Li Bai's "Seeing Friends Off"); Yuanyang refers to loving couples, such as "why not give up your life if you succeed?" It is better to be a mandarin duck than a fairy "(Tang Lu's" Ancient Meaning Chang 'an "); Lilac refers to sadness or complex, such as "I have been worried about seeing lilac knots since Nanpu Bie" (Tang Niuqiao's Thanksgiving) and so on.