1, figuratively personified: vivid; Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics. 2, parallelism: momentum, strengthen the tone, in one go and so on. ; Answer format: key+object+feature 3; Questioning: arouse readers' attention and thinking; Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics; Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc. 4. Contrast: emphasize … emphasize … emphasize … emphasize … emphasize … emphasize … emphasize … emphasize … emphasize.
When answering a question, reveal the object it refers to, and then clear the sentence. (4) Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why? Verb: No.
Because this word accurately, vividly and concretely writes adjectives:No. Because this word vividly describes adverbs (such as Du, Da Du, Very Only, etc. ): No.
Because this word accurately describes the situation of … (table degree, table limit, table time, table range, etc.). ), after the change, it becomes ... not in line with the facts. (5) Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why? I can't.
Because: (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence). (2) This word corresponds to the above one by one.
(3) These words are progressive, interlocking and cannot be interchanged. (6) Duan Yi Summary 1. Narrative: Answer clearly (when and where) who did what.
Format: (time+place)+people+things. 2. Description: The answer clearly explains what the object is and what its characteristics are.
Format: explanation (introduction)+explanation object+explanation content (characteristics) 3. Discuss the article: clearly answer what the question is and what the author thinks. Format: What argumentation method is used to prove (argumentation)+argumentation (7) Expression skills play an important role in the appreciation of ancient poetry, such as allusion, comparison, rendering, comparison, token, scene blending, lyricism by borrowing scenery, combination of static and dynamic, combination of reality and fiction, euphemism and implication, comparison, allegory, symbol, pun, etc.
The rhetorical methods commonly used in poetry include exaggeration, parallelism, duality, metaphor, metonymy, analogy, rhetorical question, rhetorical question and repetition. The commonly used terms in analyzing poetry language are: accurate, vivid, vivid, concise, incisive, concise, bright, fresh, novel, beautiful, gorgeous, implicit, simple and natural.
When reviewing, we should systematically summarize all kinds of expression skills and reserve relevant knowledge. First of all, we should understand the characteristics and functions of these expressive skills, and then carefully appreciate and analyze them in combination with specific poems.
As for evaluating the ideological content of poetry and the author's attitude, it includes summarizing the main idea of the work, analyzing the social reality reflected by the work, and pointing out its positive significance or limitations. In short, the first step to appreciate ancient poetry is to grasp the content of poetry from the following aspects: 1 Read the title and comments carefully; 2. Analyze the image; 3. Taste the artistic conception; 4 contact the author.
Step 2, find out the skills: 1 Grasp the image features; 2. Differentiate expression skills; 3 Explain the expression function. The third step is to evaluate the contents and opinions: 1 summarize the main idea; 2 contact background; 3 distinguish between primary and secondary; 4. Comprehensive evaluation.
When answering questions, we should pay special attention to the following points: first, we should stick to the requirements and not generalize; Second, the main points should be complete and should be considered from multiple angles; The third is to scrutinize the terms and strive to be accurate, concise and standardized.
2. Chinese answer format and analysis method (complete, if you don't want to quote empty talk, give some advice as an experienced person. Chinese answering questions has basic knowledge, not to mention that classical Chinese needs to accumulate a little extra-curricular part. Most of them compare or deepen the understanding of an article in class, so they should be answered in combination with the theme of the article in class, and many authors have their own styles, such as Su Shi's bold and broad-minded, and Li Bai's romantic optimism. According to the author, we can also better grasp the central reading questions, and we must remember the rhetorical side. The role of French writing techniques and so on, the characteristics of the beginning and the end, these are nothing more than echoes before and after, setting off excessive emotions. The teacher will sum up that it is good to change with the same. It is best to write a composition that is not very novel and unique, so it is not easy to get high marks. We should also pay attention to the accumulation of literature after the book, and pay attention to the new articles added after the change of teaching materials. China's four classical novels: A Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin and The Journey to the West. In order to improve their writing ability, they can get high marks.
3. The format of junior middle school Chinese answering questions must be narrative. 1. Types of taste topics: Example 1: A brief analysis of the beauty (benefits and functions) of article topics.
Answer format:? Set suspense (poetry) to stimulate readers' interest in reading. As a clue to the article, string the full text together: 1 (the first paragraph of the article), 2 (the second paragraph of the article), 3 (the third paragraph of the article) and 4 (the fourth paragraph of the article). (point out the center of the article implicitly. )
Note: Answer according to the specific topic. If the topic reflects the ideological content of the article, you can't set suspense at the beginning of the answer format and directly answer "implicitly point out the center of the article"; If you can't see the main content of the article through the title, you can answer "setting suspense" directly at the beginning of the answer format, and you can't add "implicitly pointing out the center of the article" after the answer format; If the topic uses beautiful words, contains overlapping words, or has delicate feelings, you can answer "poetic" at the beginning to see if it points out the center of the article. Example 2: What does the title of the article mean? Answer format:? Write (shallow content) and write (deep meaning).
Note: "Shallow content" refers to the specific content related to the theme embodied in the article, which should be closely combined with the words related to the theme in the article. "Deep meaning" refers to the ideological content of the article reflected in the title.
For example, Cold Wind and Warm Fragrance shows that there is a smell of baked sweet potato in the cold winter, and it also shows that it is warmed by the smile, warm, kind and compassionate character of Ming Che, a woman from baked sweet potato, in a life as cold as winter. Second, taste the meaning of a sentence.
Example 1: How to understand the meaning of underlined sentences in paragraph X? Answer format:? (Note: Because the question contains "meaning", the answer should be based on a deep understanding of the sentence, that is, the writing purpose of this sentence and the ideas expressed. In short, explore the spiritual content).
For example, "the spring eyes of Wang Mingche in his hometown interpret dedication with dried-up remains, so should the heart watered by spring!" The spring water in my hometown has been selflessly dedicated to the villagers until it dries up. I am a person who has drunk that water, and I want to contribute like that spring water. Example 2: How to understand the meaning of underlined sentences in paragraph X? Answer format:? (Note: Because the question contains "meaning", the answer should be understood from the shallow level of the sentence, which is more profound and difficult to understand, so as long as you can say the general meaning of this sentence. )
If you give a long abbreviated sentence, if you give a short expanded sentence. For example, "sadness is for yesterday's wasted years."
The implication is: I regret it because I wasted a lot of time before and didn't cherish it. For example, "I'm still walking yesterday's road, dreaming yesterday's dreams and thinking about yesterday's things, all because today is too unsatisfactory."
The understanding of the meaning is: people who miss yesterday are unhappy today. 3. Expression (features, effects and functions).
Example 1: Talk about the expressive characteristics and effects of sentences with wavy lines in the text. Answer format:? Using the expressions of XX and XX, and the rhetorical devices of XX and XX, XX (personification and comparison) is vivid (concrete, accurate, vivid and emphasized) and displayed (prominent and written).
Expressed the author's mood and thoughts. (Note: There are five ways of expression, namely narration, description, discussion, lyricism and explanation. When answering questions, you must judge clearly. The function of rhetoric is concrete and must be kept in mind.
The words "expressing the author" in the format should be answered in detail according to the situation, and some sentences do not necessarily emphasize the expression of the author's thoughts. The narrative is over.
This is only part of the problem in the narrative. More problem-solving analysis. To be continued, explain the method. Example 1: Analyze the explanation methods and functions of underlined sentences in the text? Answer format:? Use "XXX" and "XXX" to explain the characteristics (characteristics) of (the object of explanation) (the role of example is concrete image, the role of analogy is vivid image, the role of column number is concrete and accurate, and the role of contrast is distinct and prominent).
(Note: The questions in the explanatory text must be closely related to the explanatory object, and the answers should be closely combined with the keywords in the text. Second, explain the appreciation of language. Example1:Can the word "XX" added in paragraph X be deleted? Please provide a justification for the answer.
? Answer format: cannot be deleted. The word "XX" means (meaning), which embodies the characteristics of "XX" and is deleted.
It shows the accuracy of explanatory language. (Note: To explain the characteristics of things must be written in combination with sentences, paying special attention to writing "Explain the accuracy of language").
This is only part of the explanation of the content of the article. More problem-solving analysis. The ancient poems are not yet to be continued. Example 1: What kind of drawings have you written? What kind of mood did the poet express? ) ? Specific text analysis+picture description+expressing the author's mood "XX", "XX" and "XX" describe a new picture and express the author's (happiness, cheerfulness, excitement, sadness, indignation, melancholy, sadness, admiration, farewell, attachment, heroism and leisure. ? Words such as "XX" and "XX" (concise, concise, humorous, humorous, simple and natural, fresh and beautiful, vivid, rhythmic, beautiful in music, beautiful in pictures and artistic appeal) are written (embellished) and painted to express the author's mood. )
4. The answer format of Chinese reading should be complete. Thank you (1) for the role of a sentence in the article:
1, prefix: opening point; Render the atmosphere (prose), bury the foreshadowing (narrative) and set suspense (novel) as the auxiliary bedding for the following; Below the general collar;
2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above;
3. At the end of the article: point out the center (prose); Deepen the theme (narrative); The beginning of a quotation (argumentative, narrative, novel)
(B) the role of rhetoric:
(1) own function; (2) Combined with sentence context.
1, figuratively personified: vivid;
Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics.
2, parallelism: momentum, strengthen the tone, in one go and so on. ;
Answer format: emphasis+object+characteristics.
3; Questioning: arouse readers' attention and thinking;
Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics
Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc.
4. Contrast: emphasize … stand out …
5. repeatedly emphasize ... strengthen the tone.
(3) Answer to the meaning of the sentence:
In such a topic, a word or phrase in a sentence is often expressed by metaphor, contrast, metonymy and symbol. When answering a question, reveal the object it refers to, and then clear the sentence.
(4) Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why?
Verb: No. Because the word accurately, vividly and specifically wrote ...
Adjective: No. Because this word vividly describes ...
Adverbs (such as all, most, very only, etc. ): no. Because this word accurately describes the situation of … (table degree, table limit, table time, table range, etc.). ), after the change, it becomes ... not in line with the facts.
(5) Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why?
I can't. Because:
(1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence).
(2) This word corresponds to the above one by one.
(3) These words are progressive, interlocking and cannot be interchanged.
(6) Summary of paragraph meaning
1. Narrative: Answer clearly (when and where) who did what.
Format: (time+place)+people+things.
2. Description: The answer clearly explains what the object is and what its characteristics are.
Format: description (introduction)+description object+description content (characteristics)
3. Argumentative essay: clearly answer what the question is and what the author thinks.
Format: What demonstration method is used to prove (demonstrate)+demonstrate?
(7)
Expression skills play an important role in the appreciation of ancient poetry, such as allusions, comparison, rendering, laying out, comparison, lyricism, scene blending, lyricism by borrowing scenery, combination of static and dynamic, combination of reality and fiction, euphemism, comparison, allegory, symbol, pun and so on. The rhetorical methods commonly used in poetry include exaggeration, parallelism, duality, metaphor, metonymy, analogy, rhetorical question, rhetorical question and repetition. The commonly used terms in analyzing poetry language are: accurate, vivid, vivid, concise, incisive, concise, bright, fresh, novel, beautiful, gorgeous, implicit, simple and natural. When reviewing, we should systematically summarize all kinds of expression skills and reserve relevant knowledge. First of all, we should understand the characteristics and functions of these expressive skills, and then carefully appreciate and analyze them in combination with specific poems.
As for evaluating the ideological content of poetry and the author's attitude, it includes summarizing the main idea of the work, analyzing the social reality reflected by the work, and pointing out its positive significance or limitations.
In short, the first step to appreciate ancient poetry is to grasp the content of poetry from the following aspects: 1 Read the title and comments carefully; 2. Analyze the image; 3. Taste the artistic conception; 4 contact the author. Step 2, find out the skills: 1 Grasp the image features; 2. Differentiate expression skills; 3 Explain the expression function. The third step is to evaluate the contents and opinions: 1 summarize the main idea; 2 contact background; 3 distinguish between primary and secondary; 4. Comprehensive evaluation.
When answering questions, we should pay special attention to the following points: first, we should stick to the requirements and not generalize; Second, the main points should be complete and should be considered from multiple angles; The third is to scrutinize the terms and strive to be accurate, concise and standardized.
5. The answer format of junior high school Chinese reading [all reading comprehension knowledge points of junior high school Chinese] Narrative reading knowledge and skills 1. What is the genre of the article? This article is one: poetry, novel, prose (lyric prose, narrative prose), script, expository essay and argumentative essay. Narrative? The time, place, person, reason, process and result of the incident. 3. Find a topic sentence? Look for lyric sentences in the first or last paragraph.
Four. Content of the article (center)? Methods: Look at topics, people (events) and events, and make a comprehensive induction. Format: This article narrates (describes and explains) ... and displays (praises and reveals). ...
5. What are the characteristics of material organization? Select typical events closely surrounding the center, and carry out appropriate clipping and detail processing. Are intransitive verbs hierarchical? (1) Divide by time (find the phrase indicating time) (2) Divide by place (find the phrase indicating place) (3) Divide by the development process of things (find every event) (4) Total score (cut from the beginning to the end) Seven. Narrative clues and their functions? Clues: (1) the core figures (2) the core things (3) the core events (4) the time (5) the place (6) the author's emotional function: it runs through the context of the whole text, organically connecting the characters and events in the text, and making the article coherent.
Eight. Draw up a title for this article. Find the clue or center of the article: (1) the core people (2) the core things (3) the core events (6) the author's feelings. 9. Fill in the reading card.
Find the original text as required, and then fill it in. Pay attention to the title, author, publishing house and other items of the original text (sometimes in brackets).
10. Narrative sequence and its function? (1) The function of sequential narrative (according to the sequence of events): The narrative has a beginning and an end, and it is clear and impressive to read. (2) Flashback (write the results first, and then explain what happened before. )
Function: arouse suspense, attract readers, avoid dull narration and enhance the vividness of the article. (3) insert (interrupt the clue when telling, and insert another related thing. )
Function: complement and set off the plot, enrich the image and highlight the center. 1 1. Language features? Choose from the following sentences by combining context and rhetorical methods: vivid, fresh and beautiful, concise, accurate and rigorous, incisive and profound, easy to understand, harmonious in phonology and strong in rhythm.
Note: Be sure to analyze it in combination with specific sentences. 12. Writing skills and functions? (1) personification: endow things with human character, thoughts, feelings and actions, personify things, and thus achieve vivid images.
(2) The role of metaphor: describe things vividly and concisely, and explain the truth. (3) The role of exaggeration: highlighting the characteristics of people or things, revealing the essence, and giving readers a clear and strong impression; (4) Symbolic function: to give specific meaning to the things described, to express the feelings of ... and to enhance the expressive force of the article.
(5) The role of contrast: through contrast, highlight the characteristics of things and better express the theme of the article. (6) Set-off (side contrast): Set off the main person or thing with the secondary person or thing, and highlight the characteristics, personality, thoughts and feelings of the main person or thing.
(7) The function of satire: Use metaphor, exaggeration and other means and methods to expose, criticize and ridicule people or things, strengthen profundity and criticism, and make the language spicy and humorous. (8) The role of wanting to promote before restraining: first belittle and then praise the object described, and the context forms a contrast, highlighting the object written, and receiving unexpected touching effects.
(9) Before and after the reference function (echo from beginning to end): make the plot complete, the structure rigorous, and the center prominent (10). Set the suspense function: arouse readers' attention and thinking, arouse readers' interest in reading, and make the plot tortuous. 13. Rhetoric methods and functions (1) Metaphor: describe things vividly and concisely, and explain the truth. (2) personification: endowing things with human character, thoughts, feelings and actions, and personalizing things, so as to achieve vivid images.
(3) Exaggeration: highlight the characteristics, reveal the essence, and give readers a clear and strong impression. (4) Parallelism: the organization is clear, the rhythm is distinct, the language potential is enhanced, and it is longer than lyric.
(5) Duality: the form is neat, the phonology is harmonious, and they set off each other and complement each other. (6) Repetition: emphasizing a certain meaning, strong lyricism and appeal.
(7) Question: Ask yourself and answer yourself, attract attention and inspire thinking. (8) rhetorical question: clear attitude, strong tone and strong lyricism.
Note: Be sure to analyze it in combination with related sentences. 14. What are the meanings and functions of specific words? Methods: According to the original meaning of the word, explain the meaning of the text (extended meaning, figurative meaning, pun meaning) and find out the specific content it refers to (make the unclear clear; Reduce metaphors and symbols).
Format: The word "* *" originally means …, and here means …, playing the role of …. 15. What does this sentence mean? Grasp the key words, analyze their characteristics and significance, and then explain them in context.
(Method as above) XVI. What is the function of sentences in structure? (1) connecting the preceding with the following (2) opening, leading down (3) connecting the preceding with the following (transition) (4) paving the way for the following (5) managing the preceding (beginning) seventeen. Expression? Narration, discussion, explanation, lyric, description 18. What is the role of discussion in narrative? Inspire readers to think, point out the meaning of people or events, highlight the center, sublimate the theme, and play the role of making the finishing point. 19. What is the role of lyricism in narrative? Express the author's sincere and profound feelings, arouse the feelings of readers, and make the article have strong appeal.
20. What are the types and functions of the description? (1) Portrait Description (2) Appearance Description (3) Manner Description (4) Action Description (5) Language (Dialogue) Description (7) Psychology Description (8) Scenery Description (9) Scene Description (10) Environment Description (1kloc) Twenty-two kinds of prose? (1) Narrative Prose (2) Lyric Prose XXIII. What kind of novel? Novels, novellas, short stories and short stories 24. What are the three elements of a novel? People, environment and plot 25. What are the types and functions of the environment? (1) Natural environment: Explain the time and place of the story and the space for the characters' activities, and set off the emotions of the characters.
(2) social environment: explain the social background and characteristics of the times, contrast the character, push.
6. What rhetorical devices are commonly used in the answer format of junior middle school Chinese? They are metaphor, personification, parallelism, contrast, repetition, rhetorical question, exaggeration and duality.
Metaphor and personification are similar in rhetoric usage, so we put them together. First, the anthropomorphic answer format: using anthropomorphic rhetoric, what is anthropomorphic and what is written (form or modality).
Sometimes you need to add the author's feelings. Classic example: grass slips out of the soil.
A: Using personification rhetoric, the draft is personified, which vividly shows the modality and vigorous vitality of grass inadvertently. Second, the figurative answer format: use figurative rhetoric to write+object+feature vividly. Sometimes you need to add the author's feelings.
Classic example: I have never seen such a blooming vine, only a brilliant lavender hangs down from the sky like a waterfall. A: Figurative rhetoric compares lush vines to waterfalls, which vividly shows lush vines.
Expressed the author's admiration for vines. Third, parallelism: it can enhance momentum, emphasize content and increase feelings. Answer format: Use rhetorical devices of parallelism, emphasizing+object+feature+"speak clearly" or "harmonious rhythm, full of emotion, magnificent" or "clear hierarchy, delicate description and vivid image".
Classic example: red as fire, pink as Chardonnay and white as snow. A: Rhetorical devices such as metaphor and parallelism are adopted, which vividly show the bright and beautiful flowers, neat sentences, harmonious rhythm and rainbow-like momentum, and express the author's love for spring flowers.
Fourth, compare the answer format: compare XX and XX by comparison, highlighting+object+characteristics. Compare sentences with classic examples and talk about their expressive effects.
(1) Jin Fan went to discuss with his father-in-law because he had no fare. The butcher spat on his face and cursed the dog's blood: "Don't waste time! You just think you won a "xianggong", just? Frogs want to eat swan meat? Come on! ..... "(2) the butcher nonsense," I was still there to kill pigs! With my good husband, I am afraid I can't be trusted for the rest of my life. I always say that my son-in-law, with high academic ability and good looks, is not as decent as my son-in-law or even Master Zhang and Master Zhou in Chengtou ... "Answer: Butcher Hu's two completely different attitudes before and after Jin Fan's promotion are in sharp contrast, which highlights his typical arrogance, bullying the poor and loving the rich, and drifting with the tide. Fifth, set up the question-and-answer form: stimulate readers' interest in reading, inspire readers to pay attention to and think about+object+characteristics, and naturally lead to the following.
Classic example: What kind of money view should middle school students set up? (First of all ...) A: Rhetorical question is used to arouse readers' interest in reading and inspire readers to pay attention to and think about what kind of money view middle school students should establish, which naturally leads to the following contents. 6. rhetorical question: answer format: use rhetorical questions to strengthen the tone, which means to say (change to declarative sentences) and strongly express (what) feelings.
Classic example: Is it all my fault? A: Rhetorically emphasizing the tone means that it is not entirely my fault, and parents are also responsible, which strongly expresses the author's blame for parents. 7. Repetition: emphasize ... strengthen the tone answer format: use repeated rhetoric to strengthen the tone, emphasize what, and express what strongly. Classic example: looking forward to, looking forward to, the pace of spring is approaching.
A: Repeated rhetoric is used to strengthen the tone, emphasize "hope" and strongly express the author's longing for the arrival of spring. At the same time, anthropomorphic rhetoric is used to make spring vivid and vividly write that spring is coming. 8. Exaggeration: Exaggeration is a rhetorical device that uses rich imagination to enlarge or narrow the image characteristics of things purposefully on the basis of objective reality, so as to enhance the expression effect. Also called exaggeration or extravagance.
Exaggeration can arouse readers' rich imagination and strong buzz. Answer format: use exaggerated rhetoric to highlight what and how, inspire readers to associate and leave a clear and deep impression on readers.
Classic example: the classroom is so quiet that you can hear the sound of a needle falling to the ground. A: The use of exaggerated rhetoric highlights the special quietness of the classroom, stimulates readers' association and leaves a clear and profound impression on readers.
Nine, duality: the use of duality, highly generalized (expression, writing) ... neat and symmetrical, strong sense of rhythm, beautiful music. In addition to duality, duality also requires that words with the same structural position in the upper and lower sentences must belong to the same part of speech, and they are flat and parallel, and the same words cannot be used in the same position in the upper and lower sentences.
For example, "the lonely smoke in the desert falls in the long river", "where the petals have fallen like tears, the lonely birds have sung their grief" and "it is warm on the cliff of Jinsha River and cold on the crossbar of Dadu Bridge". An antithesis sentence must be an antithesis sentence, but an antithesis sentence cannot be said to be an antithesis sentence.
In addition to duality, duality also requires that words with the same structural position in the upper and lower sentences must belong to the same part of speech, and they are flat and parallel, and the same words cannot be used in the same position in the upper and lower sentences. For example, "the lonely smoke in the desert falls in the long river", "where the petals have fallen like tears, the lonely birds have sung their grief" and "it is warm on the cliff of Jinsha River and cold on the crossbar of Dadu Bridge".
An antithesis sentence must be an antithesis sentence, but an antithesis sentence cannot be said to be an antithesis sentence.