It is a subject that students have been exposed to since junior high school, just like math and Chinese. It has too many names, places, times and events to remember, and everything has its historical significance.
Maybe history is boring, but when the teacher tells a fascinating story, history becomes wonderful and interesting again. The title of this book is History in the Cracks, and the title itself gives us such a hint. What kind of history is real history? Croce said, "All history is modern history."
We are now taking care of history, standing on our own position and evaluating historical events from our own perspective. The so-called round table meeting is the legend of the ancient British hero King Arthur and his knights of the round table.
The round table is divided into the first and last seats, which symbolizes the normal status of knights sitting around the table. The meeting held at the round table is called "round table", which means that all parties involved in the negotiation are equal.
When the book was opened, such a meeting had already begun. Everyone should have a persistent desire for truth, just like a desire to be close to the spring of the soul. Perhaps the truth is cruel, and we should also be satisfied with wishful fantasy and falsehood.
Time separates us from history so far that we have no chance to talk to the ancients. We don't know or understand them. If possible, from now on, let's look at their ideals, their sufferings, their utilitarianism and their falsehood.
2. What is history? Pdf The history of modern natural science is a science that studies the development process and laws of natural science. Based on historical facts, it summarizes the historical experience of scientific development and reveals its laws by analyzing the historical process of scientific development. In the long history of natural science development, there have been three serious crises and three major breakthroughs in modern times. So as to promote the further development of natural science. Modern natural science began with the revolution in astronomy. Astronomy is the oldest science. In the west, after the research of Pythagoras, Plato, hipparchus, Ptolemy and others, several different theoretical systems have been put forward, which has become the discipline with the most theoretical color and mode. At the same time, astronomy is closely related to people's production and life. People rely on the sky for agriculture, animal husbandry, navigation and observation time, which will inevitably promote the development of astronomy. However, astronomy was a very sensitive subject at that time. In the field of astronomy, the struggle between old and new ideas is very fierce. Especially in the late Middle Ages, the Catholic Church put a mysterious veil on Ptolemy's geocentric theory with ulterior motives. Proves that the earth is the center of the universe. The earth is at the center of the universe. After this absurd statement was regarded as an authority, Ptolemy's theory became an unquestionable result, which seriously hindered the progress of astronomical science. However, after julian calendar, which was produced on the basis of geocentric theory, was designated as the Christian calendar in 325 years, its slight error has reached a point that cannot be ignored after a long period of accumulation. It is quite different from the observed data. The captain of a Portuguese prince once said, "Although we worship the famous Ptolemy very much, we find that everything is contrary to what he said." Ptolemaic system's mistakes are increasingly exposed, and people urgently need to establish a new theoretical system. At that time, the Renaissance flourished, which not only greatly liberated people's minds, but also promoted the emergence of modern natural science. Copernicus, a Polish astronomer, adapted to the requirements of the times. From 1506, he carefully observed the astronomical phenomena in the attic of a church in Furongbao for 30 years, thus creating a new astronomical theory-Heliocentrism. 1543, Copernicus published the theory of celestial bodies, which is the main symbol of the birth of modern natural science. Heliocentrism's proposal restored the true colors of ordinary planets on the earth and violently shocked the scientific and ideological circles. It shook the theoretical basis of feudal theology and was an important milestone in the history of astronomy. During this period, natural science developed brilliantly and achieved a series of great achievements. However, from a macro perspective, scientific development lags behind production technology. For example, clocks and watches have been widely used in practice, but people don't know what factors determine the cycle of clock movement. Numerous bullets and shells were fired in the war, but it is not clear how to calculate the trajectory and how to improve the hit rate. Microscopically, the development of classical mechanics is relatively perfect. In celestial mechanics, Kepler discovered three laws of planetary motion (ellipse law, area law and period law). 1632, Galileo discovered the law of free fall; 1687, Newton published the Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, which systematically expounded the three laws of Newton's mechanics (inertia law, law of action and reaction, law of acceleration) and law of universal gravitation. These laws form a unified system, which summarizes the motion of objects in the sky and on the ground in one theory. This is the first theoretical generalization and synthesis of natural laws in the history of human cognition. However, other disciplines in this period are still very backward. Mainly manifested in the collection of materials, the accumulation of experience, and the preliminary classification. For example, in the18th century, the Swedish biologist Linnaeus devoted himself to the classification of plants. He wrote the book Natural System, which formed a complete system of chaotic knowledge about plants. In the field of chemistry, British scientist Boyle introduced rigorous experimental methods into chemistry. He is regarded as the founder of modern chemistry. German scientist Stalti put forward phlogiston theory to explain chemical reaction. As a theoretical achievement of chemistry, phlogiston theory has dominated the field of chemistry for nearly 100 years. The development of science is not carried out out out of thin air, but must be based on existing scientific achievements. The knowledge of astronomy and mathematics at that time created the premise for the development of mechanics. The relatively perfect development of mechanics has contributed to the formation of the concept of mechanical properties in the history of philosophy. Because, from the perspective of people's cognitive law, people's understanding of objective things is always from understanding simple things to deepening their understanding of complex things, and understanding mechanical movement is the primary task of scientific understanding. In the first stage of scientific understanding, it is understandable to study things as irrelevant and fixed things for the time being. Once scientists simply compare all advanced complex movements to mechanical movements and copy the external forces in mechanics, it becomes a mechanical external cause theory that denies the internal contradictions of things. They believe that nature is absolutely unchangeable, it just expands in space and shows its diversity, but it has not changed in time and has no history of development. The unchangeable planet must always revolve around the unchangeable sun, because it does not recognize the development of matter. Unable to answer where everything in nature came from, it can only be explained by God's creation, and natural science has returned to theology. 1755, the famous German philosopher Kant published An Introduction to the Development of the Universe, in which the famous nebula hypothesis was put forward. Kant's nebula hypothesis can better explain some phenomena in the solar system. He believes that the solar system and all the stars are gradually gathered by primitive nebulae under the action of gravity and repulsion. Everything in the universe has life and death, and development is endless. In an introduction written by Engels for Dialectics of Nature in 1875, he spoke highly of Kant's nebula hypothesis, saying that it "contains the starting point of all forward movements." Because since the earth was gradually formed and developed with the formation of the solar system, everything on the earth, such as mountains, rivers, animals and plants, naturally has its history of gradual formation and development. "If we continue to study firmly in this direction immediately, then natural science will make great progress now." Kant's nebula hypothesis strongly impacted the metaphysical view of mechanical nature, which was another time after Copernicus's astronomical revolution.
3. What is history? Pdf corresponds to the concept of history: "history, the recorder also." From persistence. In, it is also:
History is an objective fact, and "analyzing the truth", in layman's terms, is even distorted and fabricated. Both of these words come from the Greek word Histria, which originally meant the definition of "questioning".
History: historical history
History in a broad sense: the process of material change can be divided into natural history and human social history.
History in a narrow sense, Engels)
The narrow sense of history and the knowledge of studying history often change and develop with people's subjective consciousness.
The word History is history in English. You can dress up as you like.
The origin of a word
In ancient China, the word "history" refers to historians. Seal script is written as ""(see photo). That's why.
The relationship between history and historiography. Therefore, fundamentally speaking, many previous historiography did not go beyond the scope of historical idealism. At that time, nonsense: "history is like a little girl, which should be the meaning of history in a narrow sense, and history also has broad and narrow meanings."
History in a broad sense: all the sciences in the world can be called history.
("We only know a unique science, and that is the history science." -Marx, fair and objective analysis and judgment, French for Histoire, Xu Shen said in "Shuo Wen Jie Zi": To study the development process of past movements in human society is to record it realistically.
Historical science:
Usually, we call Marxist historiography historical science, because it is conducted under the guidance of the scientific theory of historical materialism. "
The word "history" appeared in the late Qing Dynasty, and there is only one truth. However, record history. Strictly speaking, the word "history" here, excellent historians in ancient China paid special attention to "real virtue"-"good and evil must be written": the process of the development of human society.
History: the study of material changes, referred to as history.
4. Why is history important? Why is history so important?
Mo Yan replied: Because we live in history, history is very important, and the so-called reality will soon become history. Therefore, any realistic problem is actually a continuation of historical problems. No matter how distant a historical story is, it also contains modernity. So when I am writing a novel, I will forget whether I am writing history or reality. Later, I learned that there are both history and reality in my novels, which are the fusion of history and reality.
Sparse words:
History is a solidified reality, and reality is the history of the future. Reality is the window of history. Our thoughts shuttle back and forth between history and reality, understand the present through history and understand history through the present. As the French historian Braudel said, "The present and the past reflect each other with their own light."
5. Middle school students recite poems praising the motherland, eager to praise the motherland-motherland, I am proud of you Font: large, medium and small are majestic huabiao, which makes the tall and straight body covered with dawn. When the majestic Tiananmen Square, the rising sun will be ushered in.
In the ear of history, the rumble and overwhelming echo of salute came, which is the echo of the vicissitudes of China. A giant looked down at the world, and the whole world heard its loud voice. The people of China and the country were founded! When the first five-star red flag, Ran Ran, was raised, the flag of victory fluttered in the wind and the people raised their heads. The whole world saw that the people of China stood up from now on! This period of history reflects the grandeur, and the sunshine in October is painted to the fullest. This momentum is impassioned and a monument stands in the east of the world.
Glorious times, with vigorous hands, wrote a glorious chapter of the new China, and the people proudly pointed out the country. The suffering mother wiped away the tears in the corner of her eyes, revealing her inner joy and heartfelt joy, and the motherland bravely moved toward prosperity and strength.
Eulogize our history, with the myth of Pangu's creation, and produce the shining light of life. Eulogize our history and spread it on this barren land with the brilliance of the four great inventions.
Eulogize our history, with the enlightenment of Laozi and Confucius, and the flame of thousands of years of civilization illuminates us. Eulogize our history, silk porcelain has crossed the ocean, and everyone knows that it comes from our hometown.
Praise our history. In that piece of wolf smoke, a vast terracotta army lineup appeared.
Praise our magnificent history and the power of the Great Wall of Wan Li. ..... eulogize our history, thousands of years of ancient land, leaving many tragic stories. The century-old shame hat of the sick man of East Asia was finally thrown into the Pacific Ocean by us, and we realized our dream of reorganizing rivers and mountains.
Fifty-four spring and autumn, the splendid land is full of high spirits. In the 54th Spring and Autumn Period, the landscape is picturesque and poetic.
Fifty-four spring and autumn, the roaring iron cow combed the sound of the field and turned out the joy and singing of harvest. In the 54th Spring and Autumn Period, the steel backbone was arched in the oil-poor land, and the oil derrick stood in the sand sea.
In the fifty-fourth spring and autumn period, the rainbow crossed the Yangtze River, and the majestic Three Gorges Dam was locked for thousands of miles. In the spring and autumn of May 4th, "two bombs" red clouds pierced the sky, and satellites traveled in space.
In the fifty-fourth spring and autumn period, the people's army was mighty and magnificent, defending the iron wall of the motherland. In the 54th Spring and Autumn Period, the people harnessed the spring breeze of reform and realized the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
..... across our future, in this sacred land, Bo exudes the power to shake the world, and glory and pride glow with a brilliant face. Motherland, I am proud of you. The splendid culture of the Chinese nation has merged into the long river of history and will reverberate in my chest forever.
Motherland, I am proud of you. In that wonderful and magical land, the hope of soaring has sprouted again, and the giant pen of history will depict your glory in the new century.