Famous writers include Pushkin, lermontov and Turgenev.
First, Turgenev
1. Author introduction
ivan sergeevich turgeneve (Russian name: ивансергеевичт)
Turgenev was born into an aristocratic family in Orel province, but he hated serfdom since childhood. He studied in Moscow University and Petersburg University successively, and went to Berlin for further study after graduation. After returning to China, he became close friends with belinsky.
Since 1847, he has written for Modern People magazine and opposed serfdom from the standpoint of liberalism and humanitarianism. Turgenev began to write in college.
The 195s and 197s were the heyday of Turgenev's creation, and he published novels one after another: Luo Ting (1856), Aristocratic House (1859), The Eve before (186), Father and Son (1862), Smoke (1867) and The Night before.
Since 196s, Turgenev spent most of his time in Western Europe and made many friends with writers and artists, such as Zola, Mo Bosang, Dude, Goncourt and so on.
participated in the "International Literature Conference" held in Paris, and was elected as the vice chairman (with victor hugo as the chairman). Turgenev died of illness in Paris, France in 1883.
The main works are novel Luo Ting, Noble House, Eve, Father and Son, Virgin Land, novella xia, First Love and so on.
2. Introduction to the Works
1. The Hunter's Notes
The Hunter's Notes is an essay collection by the Russian writer Turgenev, which describes Russian rural life in the mid-19th century through the hunting activities of hunters. When it was first published, there were 21 short stories;
When it was published in p>1852, one article was added (Two Landlords); By 188, when the author edited the anthology by himself, three more articles were collected (The End of Chertophanov, The Sound of Wheels and The Living Skeleton), and 25 articles were collected. ?
The works are authentic, concrete, vivid, vivid, diverse in genre and style, concise and beautiful in language, which can be described as examples of prose novels and poetic novels. Hunter's Notes is the author's famous work, which has a great influence on Russian literature.
② Father and Son
Father and Son is a novel written by Russian writer Turgenev, and it is also his masterpiece. The work was published in 1862.
After graduating from university, Kirsha Noff, a noble son, took his friend Bazarov, a medical college student from a civilian background, to visit his father's grange.
Bazarov's democratic viewpoint clashed sharply with Kirsha's family, especially with the aristocratic liberal viewpoint of Al Cardi's uncle Pavel, in which Bazarov gained the upper hand.
On one occasion, Bazarov and Arkady went to a dance in the provincial capital and met the noble widow Ozinzova. Bazarov fell in love with her, but she was rejected. Finally, Bazarov returned to his parents' home and died of infection during an autopsy.
The novel reflects the sharp ideological struggle between the democratic camp and the liberal camp on the eve of the serfdom reform. Bazarov is a radical democrat. He has a strong personality and a habit of burying his head in work.
Politically, he opposed serfdom, criticized aristocratic liberalism, and denied aristocratic living standards; In philosophy, he is a materialist, attaching importance to practice and advocating practical science; But he also showed some vulgar materialistic views, such as denying the role of art, and so on.
Second, lermontov
1. Author introduction
Mikhail Jurjevic lermontov (Russian: михаилюрьевич) October 15, 1814-July 27, 1841) was another great Russian poet after Pushkin. Belinsky praised him as a "national poet".
Born in Moscow on October 15th, 1814, he spent his childhood and adolescence in Tarkhane. He has received a good education since childhood, and he is talented, proficient in many foreign languages and talented in art. Later, he was admitted to Moscow University, and after a period of study, he was transferred to St. Petersburg Guards Cavalry NCO School.
On July 27th, 1841, he went to Piatigorsk for recuperation due to illness, and died in a duel with Martinoff, a retired major here, at the age of 27. Grandmother buried him in Talkhane.
Representative works include Borojino, Motherland, Contemporary Heroes and so on.
2. Introduction to the Works
1. Contemporary Heroes
Contemporary Heroes is a novel written by Russian writer lermontov. From 1839 to 184, lermontov published the novels Bella, Taman and Fatalism in the Journal of the Motherland.
In May p>184, lermontov published these novels together with the unpublished Maxim Maxime and Princess Merry, which is the novel Contemporary Heroes. ?
The protagonist Bi Qiaolin is a young aristocratic officer and leads an empty and boring life. However, there seems to be a desire to do something in his heart. ?
this is a cold and selfish egoist. Lermontov selected different fragments of Bi Qiaolin's life and reproduced them from different angles.
② Two Brothers
Two Brothers is a five-act play of the same name written by Russian writer Mikhail Yulyevich lermontov in 1836.
Brother Liang's jealousness and jealousy are the center of the conflict. Yuri returned to Moscow from Petersburg to visit his mother, and happened to meet his former lover Vera, so he wanted to relive the old dream. Unexpectedly, Vera had married a rich duke at this time.
Alexander, his brother, also had a love affair with Vera. At this time, he also pestered Vera and tried his best to prevent Yuri from catching up with Vera. Although Vera was still attached to Yuri, due to her wife's obligation, she cut off her affection and went to the countryside with her husband.
Through this love dispute, the author criticized the selfish and conservative thoughts in Russian society at that time for eroding and killing true love.
Third, Pushkin
1. Author introduction
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (александрсерге) 1799~1837), a famous Russian writer, poet and novelist, was the founder of modern Russian literature and the main representative of Russian romantic literature in the 19th century.
He is also the founder of realistic literature and modern standard Russian. He is known as "the father of Russian literature", "the sun of Russian poetry" and "the bronze knight". His representative works include Ode to Freedom, To Chaadayev and To the Sea.
He founded Russian national literature and literary language, and set an example for Russian literature in all fields of literature, such as poetry, novel, drama and even fairy tales. Pushkin was also praised by Gorky as "the beginning of all beginnings".
Born into an aristocratic family, he began to write poems in his childhood and studied in Huangcun College, which was set up by the Russian imperial government to train aristocratic children. During my study, I was influenced by the progressive December Party members and some progressive thinkers.
Many poems published later criticized serfdom and praised freedom and progress. Besides poems, Pushkin's main works mainly include novella The Captain's Daughter, the founder of historical documentary, novella Dubrovski, Belkin's Novels and so on.
Pushkin was persecuted by the czar government in his creative activities. He was killed in an arranged duel in 1837. His creation has a profound influence on the development of Russian literature and language.
2. Introduction to the Works
1. yevgeni onegin
yevgeni onegin (also translated as Eugen onegin) is a long poetic novel written by Russian writer Pushkin from 1823 to 1831 and published in 1831.
This work is about onegin, a young aristocrat in Petersburg. He was tired of the life of the upper-class ceremony and went to the Russian countryside by chance. There he met Tatyana, the eldest daughter of the landlord Lalin's family. Tatyana fell in love with onegin at first sight.
After a fierce ideological struggle, she wrote a letter of deep affection to onegin. Onegin, on the other hand, could not understand Tatyana's sincere feelings at all, but flirtatiously refused face to face, saying that she should not enjoy family happiness and so on.
Later, onegin killed his good friend Lenski in a duel and left the country. A few years later, onegin met Tatyana at a social activity in the upper class of Petersburg. At this time, Tatyana has grown from a simple peasant girl to a lady like a goddess in the upper class.
onegin was driven by vanity, fascinated by her and desperately pursued Tatyana. Tatyana, on the other hand, told him sincerely that she still loves him at the moment, but she can't belong to him because she wants to be loyal to her husband.
Pushkin accurately summed up the ideological outlook and tragic fate of some aristocratic youths who were influenced by progressive thoughts at that time but failed to jump out of their narrow circle, thus creating the first image of "superfluous person" in Russian literature.
② The Queen of Spades
The Queen of Spades is a short story written by Russian writer Pushkin.
The story happened in Petersburg in the late 18th century. German, a young officer from a poor family, fell in love with Miss Lisa from the upper class, but because of their different class status. He can't marry a noble lady.
german accidentally learned that Miss Lisa's grandmother, the Countess, had three trump cards for winning gambling, and he wanted to find out the secret of them in order to make a fortune by gambling.
In fact, these three trump cards are just a rumor. german was eager to get rich and tried his best. He not only killed Lisa's grandmother, the Countess, but also made Miss Lisa commit suicide after learning the truth. german himself lost everything in the casino and drew his sword in despair and regret.
german, the hero of the novel, created the image of an early bourgeois who pursued personal wealth in Russian literature.
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