Couplets, also known as couplets, dual plays, door pairs, spring stickers, spring couplets, couplets and peach symbols, are a kind of dual literature and originated from peach symbols. Couplets are a national style written by using the characteristics of Chinese characters. Generally, there is no need to rhyme (only couplets in regular poems need to rhyme). Couplets can be roughly divided into poetry couplets and prose couplets, which are relatively strict and divided into large and small parts of speech. Traditional couplets are connected in form, with the same content, harmonious tone and rigorous antithesis. With the rise of poetry in the Tang Dynasty, prose couplets were excluded. Prose couplets are generally informal, straightforward, and do not avoid repetition. They do not overemphasize the equivalence of parts of speech without losing duality. Couplets have a long history, and it is said that they originated from Meng Chang, the master of Shu after the Five Dynasties. His inscription on the Taofu board on the bedroom door reads: "Welcome to Qing Yu in the new year and celebrate the festival in Changchun", which means that the article "inscribed Taofu" (see Shu Lang). This is the earliest couplet in China and the earliest Spring Festival couplets. The second part is to confront, agree with or refute foreign objects. The meaning and depth of antithesis cannot be said without prose couplets. Features: First, the words are equal and the sentences are consistent. In addition to deliberately leaving the position of a word to achieve a certain effect, the number of words in the upper and lower parts must be the same. Parts of speech are relative, and verbs to verbs, adjectives to adjectives, quantifiers to quantifiers, adverbs to adverbs and relational words must be in relative positions. Third, it is necessary to have a clear hierarchy and a harmonious tone. According to the rhyme, if the upper rhyme is puckered, the lower rhyme should be flat, meaning "puckered up and put away"; Otherwise, if the upper rhyme is flat, the lower rhyme will be retracted. Both are its basic requirements. Fourth, the content should be related from top to bottom. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding father of the Ming Dynasty, strongly advocated couplets. After establishing the capital of Jinling (now Nanjing), he ordered ministers, officials and ordinary people to write a couplet and put it on the door before New Year's Eve. Dressed in casual clothes, he went out door to door to watch the excitement. Scholars at that time also regarded couplets as elegant enjoyment, and writing Spring Festival couplets became a social fashion. Fifth, the rhythm corresponds, that is, the places where the upper and lower links stop must be consistent. Poetry, as a literary genre, has various forms and can be recited. Poetry originated from ancient social life, which is a rhythmic and emotional language form due to labor production, sex and primitive religion. "Shangshu Yu Shu": "Poetry expresses ambition, song expresses Tao, sound is eternal, law and harmony." "Rites and Music": "Poetry expresses ambition; Song, chanting its voice; Dance, move its capacity; The three are based on the heart, and then the instrument follows it. " In the early days, poetry, song, music and dance were integrated. Poetry is the lyrics, which are always sung with music and dance in actual performances. Later, poetry, song, music and dance developed independently and became independent adults. Poems and songs are collectively called poems. Poetry is the oldest and most literary style. It originated from the ancient labor chant (later developed into folk songs) and sacrificial eulogy. Poetry used to be a general term for poetry and songs, and poetry combined with music and dance was called poetry. China's poems have a long history and rich heritage, such as The Book of Songs, Songs of the South, Han Yuefu and the works of countless poets. Poetry in Western Europe was written by Homer and Sappho in ancient Greece and Virgil and Horace in ancient Rome. The development of poetry has gone through the development process of The Book of Songs → Chu Ci → Han Fu → Han Yuefu Poetry → Jian 'an Poetry → Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Folk Songs → Tang Poetry → Song Poetry → Song Yuan Poetry → Ming and Qing Poetry → Modern Poetry. Poetry is a highly concentrated literary genre that reflects social life. Full of the author's thoughts and feelings and rich imagination. Its language is concise and vivid, with distinct rhythm, harmonious rhyme and rich musical beauty. The sentences are generally in rows and pay attention to the beauty of structural form. He Qifang, a modern poet and literary critic in China, once said: "Poetry is the literary style that most strongly reflects social life. It is full of rich imagination and feelings, and it is often expressed in a direct lyrical way. Moreover, in the degree of exquisiteness and harmony, especially in the distinct rhythm, its language and prose are different. " This definition summarizes several basic characteristics of poetry: first, it reflects life in a highly concentrated and general way; The second is lyrical expression, full of rich thoughts and feelings; Third, rich imagination, association and fantasy; Fourth, language has musical beauty.
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