Keys to appreciating frontier fortress poetry
Border fortress poetry is an artistic reflection of frontier fortress life. Most of these poems are inextricably linked to national wars. Because the life in the frontier fortress is rich and colorful, the themes of frontier fortress poetry are very wide and the content is extremely rich. And because each dynasty prospered or declined in different periods, the mood expressed in the poems was high or low; also because each poet had different reasons and purposes for going to the frontier fortress, and the emotions he expressed were also very different, making the situation quite complicated. . For example, most of the frontier fortress poems written during the heyday of the Tang Dynasty were passionate and unrestrained, while most of the frontier fortress poems written after the mid-Tang Dynasty were deeply emotional. The writing forms of frontier fortress poems are mostly in the ancient style (considering that it is unlikely that long-form ancient style materials will be used for college entrance examination questions, this article will not cover them) and quatrains, with a small number of words. When middle school students answer questions about appreciation of frontier poems, they should master the following keys to the Arc de Triomphe.
The first key is to understand the concept of frontier fortress poetry, dig deep into its implicit theme, and grasp the work as a whole. Because this issue is quite complex, let me briefly comment on some famous sayings: "The yellow sand will wear golden armor in a hundred battles, and Loulan will never be returned until it is broken." This not only shows the heroic spirit of the border guards who fought bravely to kill the enemy, but also praises them. The heroic ambition of dedicating oneself to the country; "But the flying generals in Dragon City are here, and Huma is not taught to cross the Yin Mountains", which not only expresses the desire for good generals to appear as soon as possible, but also shows the yearning for peace on the border; "The first half of the warrior army's life and death, "There is still singing and dancing under the tents of beauties", which not only exposes the ugly phenomenon of uneven suffering and happiness in the army, but also expresses deep sympathy for the lower-class soldiers; "every year, the bones of the battle are buried in the wilderness, and it is rare to see sweet apples entering the Han family", which is not only a reflection of the The accusation of unjust war is also the desire and pursuit of peace; "Don't laugh while lying drunk on the battlefield, how many people have fought in ancient times" not only shows the freedom and ease of the soldiers in the army, but also expresses the helplessness in their hearts; "More importantly, play the Qiang flute to pass the pass." "Mountain and moon, there is no sorrow in the golden boudoir for thousands of miles", which not only expresses the deep homesickness of the border guards, but also expresses the endless longing and melancholy of the military wives; "Don't talk about the matter of ennobling the marquis, one general will achieve great success" , the lines are filled with blood and tears, which makes people laugh when they hear them... The colorful frontier poems are either majestic, majestic, majestic or upright; some are fresh and elegant, lingering and pathos; some sing generously and loudly, filling the sky; some sing quietly, full of emotion. ; It may make people's blood boil and make them want to jump on their horses and fight, or it may make people heartbroken and want to break their halberds and swords... In order to deepen our understanding of this issue, we can use Chen Ziang's "Send Wei Da to Join the Army" (The Huns are still not destroyed, Wei Jiang returned to the army. He left the Three Rivers and chased the heroes of the six counties. What are the characteristics of the poem's description of the frontier environment? What is the theme of the poem? "Before answering, you should grasp the two sentences "Yanshan crosses the north, and the fox fortress connects to the clouds." , seeing the murderous intention hidden in the author's description of the steep mountains of the frontier fortress, grasping the whole article, understanding its gist, and then making the following correct answer: "Write the precipitous situation of the frontier fortress to exaggerate the atmosphere and foreshadow the future. The fierce battle is full of imagination. Its theme is: placing great hope on Wei Da and inspiring his friends to make heroic achievements; at the same time, it also shows the poet's own ambition to make contributions to the country."
Some of them are superficial. It seems to be a poem about friendship and farewell, but because it is inextricably linked to frontier life, it might as well be regarded as a derivative work of frontier poetry, or it can be classified into the same category. For example, Shen Quanqi's "Miscellaneous Poems" (I heard that the Yellow Dragon garrison has not disbanded its troops for many years. The poor moon in the boudoir always shines on the Han family camp. The young woman is in spring today, and her husband had sex last night. Who can use the flag and drum to capture the Dragon City? .) The love between the young woman in the boudoir and her husband on the expedition shows the war-weariness of the masses. Although the feelings are sad, they still have hope. The whole poem is simple in words but profound in meaning, profound in emotion, and intriguing. You see, the Northeast Front has been raging for years, and there is still no truce. How many soldiers have been fighting for many years, "vowing to wipe out the Huns regardless of their own lives." "The moon on the fifteenth day shines on my hometown and on the border. You also miss the quiet night, and I miss it too." The bright moon shines on my hometown and Huanglong. The moon in the boudoir is the moon in the camp; the moon that the husband and wife look at is also the moon in the camp. The moon they looked at when they were reunited. The bright moon is a symbol of the close connection between their husbands and their hearts. The two words "poor" and "long-lasting care" very accurately express the pain of missing them now, a bit of regret and a bit of helplessness, which are both lingering and pathos. On New Year's Eve, they miss each other bitterly, weeping at the moon, and their affection is endless. Another example is Wang Changling's "Girlfriend", Chen Yulan's "Giving Her Husband", Cen Shen's "Meeting the Envoy to Beijing", Gao Shi's "Farewell to Dong Da", etc. They are all top works of this type of poetry and can be carefully studied. Now I will start with Wang Changling's "Bouise Grudge" (The young woman in her boudoir knows no worries, and goes up to the green building with makeup on the spring day. Suddenly she sees the color of willows on the street, and she regrets teaching her husband to look for a title.
) to consolidate it with a question: "Which word is the poetic eye in this quatrain? What kind of complex mood does the heroine express?" When considering how to answer, you must first grasp the three words "looking for a feudal lord" word, because only these three words in the poem are related to the frontier fortress, and conquering the frontier fortress is the main way for many people to gain fame; secondly, you have to find the word that best expresses the mood of the heroine, so that you can give such a correct answer : "The eye of the poem is the word 'regret'. There is not only dissatisfaction with the separation of husband and wife, but also the irresistible guilt of wrongly teaching the husband to 'find a feudal prince', as well as one's own awakening and regret for making a big mistake." Again. Based on Cen Shen's "Wuwei Sends Judge Liu to March to Qixi" (There are few people traveling in the fifth month of the volcano, and the horses are as fast as birds. The guards are marching to the west of Taibai, and Hu Tianxiao is stirred by the sound of the trumpet.) Here is a question: "Some commentators think that' The last sentence is really a warning. Please provide an in-depth and brief explanation for it. "Before solving the problem, you should first clarify that the "horn sound" is the sound of the military trumpet, and then clarify the symbolic meaning of "Hu Tianxiao". Only then can we find the correct thinking and make the correct answer: "This sentence is of extremely profound meaning. It means that as long as our army launches an attack, we can completely annihilate the enemy's army, win a great victory, and make the Western Region see light again." This and General farewell poems are very different. The poet closely links farewell and celebration, which is unique and unique.
The second key is to understand the relationship between the description of the scene and the emotion expressed. Let’s start with Wang Changling’s “Marching the Army (Seven)” (The desert is windy and dusty, the sun is dim, and the red flag is half-rolled out of the camp gate. The former army fought in Taohebei at night and has reported to capture Tuyuhun alive.) The first sentence vividly depicts the scenery of the desert. The vast desert stretches as far as the eye can see, with "flat sand and no human habitation for thousands of miles." Whenever the north wind shakes the desert, the dust covers the sky and the earth, the sand blows in the face, and the sun is dull. This exaggerates the fierce battle scene and reflects the heroic spirit of the Tang army soldiers in killing the enemy. Let’s take another look at Wang Wei’s "Envoy to the Fortress" (The bicycle wants to ask about the side, and the country is passing Juyan. Zheng Peng leaves the Han fortress, and the returning geese enter the Hutian. The lonely smoke is straight in the desert, and the sun sets over the long river. Xiao Guan is waiting to ride, The famous line in the poem "The solitary smoke in the desert is straight, and the setting sun is round in the long river" depicts the strange scenery of the desert - the rising smoke in the desert is so straight, and the setting sun reflected in the Yellow River is so round. This simply shocked the poet and lifted his spirits. The previous melancholy was dissolved into the vast natural scene and swept away in an instant. The cadence of the poem well highlights the magnificence and strangeness of the desert and the poet's passionate emotions. Through the description of the magnificent scenery of the desert, the poet expressed his admiration for the soldiers who defended the country from enemies and made outstanding achievements in the field, and was full of lofty patriotism spirit. Let's take Li Yi's "Listening to the Flute in Shouxiang City at Night" (The sand in front of Huile Peak is like snow, and the moon outside Shouxiang City is like frost. I don't know where to play the reed pipe, and all the soldiers are looking at their hometowns all night.) For example, the first two sentences The scene is described in the form of neat contrasts, using two colorful metaphors. First, from the perspective of looking down, the yellow sand on the vast desert looks like white snow under the moonlight. Then, from the perspective of looking up, it describes the moonlight in the vast sky. The bright and cold moon is like frost. Up and down, the whole desert is completely white, making people feel cold. The poet deliberately depicts and renders it repeatedly from three aspects: location, scenery, and climate, creating a sad atmosphere, which prepares the ground for the last two sentences to express the homesickness of the border guards. It can be seen that the scenery is different and the emotions are different, and the relationship between the two is very complicated. "How can you get the fragrance of plum blossoms without going through a cold that cuts to the bones?" Without more reading and practice, it is difficult to find this key. You might as well start with Gao Shi's "Listen to the Flute Blowing on the Fortress" (The frost has cleared Hu Tian's herding horses, and the moon is bright and the Qiang flute is garrisoning the tower. May I ask where the plum blossoms fell, the wind blew all night long all over the mountain.) to solidify your understanding of this game. Understanding the key, the title says: "This frontier fortress poem depicts a vivid and colorful frontier fortress style painting. What kind of feelings does the poet express? What is the emotional tone?" When thinking, you must first analyze the picture, and what is depicted in the poem After the frost, the sky looked particularly clear. The soldiers returned from herding horses. After dinner, they forgot about the day's hard work and went to the garrison to play the Qiang flute in front of the "High Autumn Moon Hanging over the Great Wall" in the sky. The melodious sound of the flute floats in the wind and spreads into the distance. Then grasping the key sentence of the expression "I would like to ask where the plum blossoms fell", it is analyzed that the poet uses homophony and alternating virtual and real writing methods, which is full of charm. The name of the Qiang flute song "Plum Blossoms Fall", the poet separated it and used the word "plum blossoms" first to remind people of real plum blossoms. In this way, "Where did the plum blossoms fall" becomes two interpretations. One is where the music of "Plum Blossoms Fall" "falls", and the other is where the plum blossoms fall in the soldiers' hometowns. "The flowers wither and the flowers fly all over the sky." Where did it fly to? In this way, the two ideas of listening to the flute and homesickness are unified in a poem. There is emptiness in reality, reality in emptiness, virtuality and reality come into being, things and I are in the same realm, scenes blend, and the sound and text are both fluent. This is how we can make such a correct poem Answer: "It expresses the homesickness of the border guards. Its emotional tone is emotional but not sad."
The third key is to find out which places in the poem describe war scenes. War is very cruel and bloody. From the perspective of poetic art and aesthetics, it is not beautiful at all and should not be described directly, so most poets use side descriptions. Therefore, it is still difficult for middle school students to find it.
So, how to dig it out? The first is to seize war-related artifacts, such as flags, drums, guns, guns, horns, chariots, camp gates, beacons, etc.; the second is to seize war-related places, people, things, and things, such as Loulan, Yinshan, Hanhai, Liangzhou, the Great Wall, Shoujiang City, Yumenguan, Chanyu, Tuyuhun, Qiangdi, Hujia, Pipa, "Folding Willows", "Falling Plum Blossoms", "Guanshan Moon", etc., and then develop rich associations and conduct in-depth Even if you try hard to figure it out, you can make a pretty good guess. Let's use Wang Changling's "Marching the Army (Seven)" as an analysis: The "red flag" in "The red flag is half rolled out of the camp gate" refers to the battle flag. It is "half rolled out of the camp gate", indicating that the troops are marching in order to increase the speed and Undetected by the enemy, they advanced quickly with half-rolled red flags. Although the author does not tell people what this force is going to do, through the tense atmosphere, readers naturally know the mystery. The word "Taohebei" in "The front army fought in Taohebei at night and reported to have captured Tuyuhun alive" refers to the battlefield ahead. The most important thing is the last sentence, which states that the Tang army had captured the enemy chief "Tuyuhun" alive and achieved fruitful results. "Capture the thief first, capture the king first", the enemies are already leaderless and can only flee in confusion, like birds and beasts scattered. As for how to capture the enemy chief alive and how the remnants of the enemy escaped, let the readers imagine for themselves. This idea is very clever, full of comedy, and full of overtones. Luo Guanzhong borrowed this method in the fifth chapter of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" when he wrote "Guan Yunchang warmed the wine and killed Hua Xiong". However, Luo Shi's language is not as concise as this poem. There are more words such as "The drums outside the pass are loudly beating, and the shouts are loud, like the sky is shattering and the earth is falling, the mountains are shaking, and everyone is pale." Of course, this is because of the creation of novels and poems. The methods are different, but the principle is the same. We can use Liu Zhongyong's "Resentment of the Expedition" (Every year the golden river returns to the Jade Pass, the horses and swords are ringed in the court. The white snow returns to the green tomb in the third spring, and the thousands of miles of the Yellow River circles the Black Mountain.) to consolidate it. The title is: "Poetry The title "Resentment of the Expedition" does not include the word "resentment", but "it is all romantic". Where does the "resentment" in the poem come from? "Please make a brief analysis before answering." , grasping the place names and war utensils related to the frontier fortress is one of the keys; grasping the empty words such as "Fu" and "和" is the second key; grasping the overlapping words such as "Sui Sui" and "Chaochao" , is the third key; grasping the verbs such as "gui" and "around" is the fourth key. Zi Ke's answer is: "The first is from the arrangement and combination of many content words such as 'Jinhe' and 'Yuguan', the second is from the clever use of function words such as 'fu', 'and', and the third is from 'suisui' , 'Chaochao' and other overlapping words, and the fourth is from the conjugation of verbs such as 'gui' and 'around'. "
There is a key, and there is more than one, as the saying goes, one key. Opening a lock is also very particular when using it. This requires flexible use, specific analysis and research on specific poem topics, and finding the key that can lock the lock is self-evident.