Analysis of teaching materials
The author used the snow scene of West Lake to express his independent feelings and unconventional lifestyle. The writing style of the whole text is elegant and smooth, seemingly natural and unexceptional, but also intriguing. The wonders of the West Lake show its charm because of the existence of tourists visiting the lake. The description of the scene and the description of the people complement each other.
Academic Situation Analysis
As the accumulation of vocabulary increases, students’ forgetting rate of vocabulary gradually increases, and students’ ability to learn classical Chinese independently has not improved. This is mainly because the rote-memorizing teaching method makes students lack thinking and have no real understanding of classical Chinese words, and the effect cannot meet the requirements. After a year of study, students in the second grade of junior high school have accumulated a certain amount of classical Chinese vocabulary. At this time, students can be considered to translate classical Chinese words and phrases and understand the text on their own under the teacher's prompts and guidance, that is, based on the students' own accumulation of classical Chinese words. Self-study the text with experience, and then understand the meaning through mutual exploration and discussion and the teacher’s guidance
Teaching Objectives
1. Knowledge Objective: Master the meaning and usage of some common content words and function words in classical Chinese. Understand the technique of line drawing.
2. Ability goal: learn the author’s skills in describing scenes and narratives,
3. Emotional goal: understand the author’s spiritual world and evaluate the author’s temperament. Seek inspiration in life.
Teaching Key Points and Difficulties
Teaching Key Points: On the basis of an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of scene description, read and recite it thoroughly.
Teaching difficulties: Understand the author’s spiritual world, grasp the relationship between scene description, narrative and lyricism
Teaching process
1. Introduction of new lessons
Students, West Lake in Hangzhou is a famous tourist attraction in my country, known as "Paradise on Earth". Since ancient times, countless literati and poets have written many masterpieces for it. West Lake is a poem, a natural picture, and a beautiful and moving story. Whether it is people who have lived here for many years or travelers passing by in a hurry, they are all fascinated by this unique beauty in the world. In the spring of March, warblers fly and grass grows. There are two embankments in Subai and peach and willow trees on the bank. On both sides, there are waves and cruise ships. In the distance, there are mountains with empty sky and green indigo. Walking on the embankment at this time, you will be amazed by the scenery in front of you, and even feel enchanted and wonder if you have entered a fairyland.
Today, let us follow Zhang Dai’s writing style to appreciate the West Lake in the snow.
2. Present learning objectives
? 1. Grasp the main content of the text as a whole and understand the author’s emotional changes
? 2. Understand the technique of describing the scene in this article-- Using the line drawing technique, we can feel the artistic realm created by the author for us.
3. Students read the text
Reading instructions: 1. Accurate 2. Emotional 3. Understand the ideological realm shown in the text.
4. Introduction to the author
Zhang Dai (1597-1689), named Zongzi, Shigong, Tao'an, was born in Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). A representative writer of sketches in the late Ming Dynasty, he was good at describing scenes and expressing the leisurely elegance of scholar-bureaucrats. His writing style was fresh, lively, and interesting. His major works include "Tao'an Dream Memories" and "West Lake Dream Record".
5. Independent learning
Possible problems in the word deciphering group
① Words:
Geng (gēng) definite: Geng, In ancient times, the unit of timekeeping at night was divided into five shifts, each of about two hours. It’s settled, it’s over, it’s over.
Take: support, row.
Hold: surround.
毳(cu?) clothing: fine fur leather clothing.
Rime (sōng) Hang (h?ng) Dang (d?ng): A blanket of ice flowers fills the air. Rime: ice flowers formed by water vapor. Hangdang: The appearance of being filled with white air.
Yibai: all white.
A trace of the long embankment: describes the West Lake long embankment with only a faint trace showing in the snow. Traces: refers to stains and traces.
Yi must (ji?): a small grass. Mustard: small grass, describing a small boat.
Yande: How can it be.
Modern (g?ng): Return.
Dabai: The name of the wine glass.
Kehe: Stay here as a guest. Ke, guest, used as a verb.
And: wait.
Zhouzi: Boatman.
Author: The person?
②Translation:
In December of the fifth year of Chongzhen, I lived in West Lake. It snowed heavily for three consecutive days, and the sound of people and birds in the West Lake disappeared. On this day, the watch had just ended, and it was almost early in the morning. I rowed a small boat, wore a fine fur coat, and carried a fire, and went to the Pavilion in the West Lake to watch the snow alone. In the foggy night, the fog is thick and vast. The sky, thick clouds, distant mountains and lakes are seamlessly integrated, and the top and bottom are white. The shadows on the lake are only a faint trace of the long embankment, a small pavilion in the center of the lake, my boat, which is like a thin blade of grass, and the three people in it.
When we arrived at the pavilion in the center of the lake, there were two people sitting opposite each other on a felt blanket, drinking. A boy was cooking wine, and the wine was steaming on the stove. They were very happy to see me and said, "How come you are still there on the lake?" They forced me to drink with them. I reluctantly drank three large glasses before saying goodbye. Asked their names, they said they were from Jinling and lived in Hangzhou. When they got off the boat, the boatman murmured to himself: "Don't say that your husband is stupid, there are people as stupid as you." ?
6. Overall sentiment
1. This article was written after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, but the author still uses the Ming Dynasty to record the year. What kind of thoughts and feelings does the author express?
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Thoughts of the Motherland
2. What are the main things written about in this text?
Going to the Lake Pavilion to see the snow alone and meeting a good guest by chance
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3. Is there any conflict between "Going to the pavilion in the middle of the lake to watch the snow alone" and "Only two or three people in the boat"?
Unique taste, among all living beings, it is difficult to find a close friend. But Zhouzi's presence seemed to be absent, which shows his aloofness and aloofness.
4. What are the specific sentences about snow scenes in the article? What are their characteristics? What kind of feelings does the author express?
Characteristics: Use line drawing techniques, concise and simple, without exaggeration .
Emotions: The author is an extraordinary, aloof and proud scholar. The text expresses his self-admired feelings and a touch of melancholy
5. Nearly half of the text in the second half of the article Writing about people and adventures, what do you think of this? What’s the significance of ending with Zhouzi’s words?
The second half is about writing about people, adventures, drinking, expressing emotions, and being surprised by encountering a close friend. The separation that followed was inevitably sad, but meeting like-minded people made him feel relieved. The changes in his emotions were twists and turns, but they were all related to "Watching Snow" and were an extension of the action of "Watching Snow". From describing the scenery from the perspective of the scenery to describing the scenery from his perspective, he organically combines people and scenery. People's participation injects vitality into the lonely and monotonous scenery, and the integration of people and scenery is the feature of this article.
At the end, I quote Zhouzi’s words: Don’t say that your husband is an idiot, there are even more idiots who are as stupid as your husband!? The word "idiot" seems to be derogatory but actually praises. This is the most accurate evaluation of Zhang Dai. He was obsessed with the joy of mountains and rivers where nature and man unite; he was obsessed with the elegance and elegance beyond the secular world. With a solitary and self-admiring mentality, he came to the Lake Pavilion to watch the snow in the early morning.
Extension: In fact, from ancient times to the present, there have been many idiots like Zhang Dai, and some of them have been learned in this book. Recall: Su Shi, Tao Hongjing, Zhou Dunyi.
7. Knowledge expansion
West Lake is a poem, a natural picture, and a beautiful and moving story. There are many poems describing the West Lake throughout the ages. Please find them out. .
If you want to compare the West Lake to the West, light makeup and heavy makeup are always suitable
Several early orioles are vying for warmth in the trees, and the new swallows are pecking at the spring mud.
The flowers are gradually blooming. If you want to charm the eyes, Asakusa can do without horse hooves.
The lotus leaves touching the sky are infinitely green, and the lotus flowers reflecting the sun are unique.
8. Writing activities
Line drawing is a method of description. Originally a technique of Chinese painting, it is a painting method that uses no color or very little color, but only uses ink lines to outline objects on a white background. This article uses this method vividly and asks students to try to use this method to write a short article about describing scenery.
The so-called "line drawing" originally refers to a technique used to create characters in novels. It pays attention to using concise pen and ink to outline the character's image, without using foil or using less foil, and allowing the character to use his or her own language and actions to shape the character. ?Self, while the author has to remain hidden. Its advantage is that less can win more, and it is truly condensed. The line drawing technique is used in essays, and is mainly reflected in the author's description of the characters' remarks and behaviors that are rich in thoughts and character traits. The writing is generally expressed in the form of retellings and quotations, or concise outlines.
9. Summary of this article
The author used the snow scene of West Lake to express his independent feelings and unconventional lifestyle. The writing style of the whole text is elegant and smooth, seemingly natural and unconventional, but also thought-provoking. The wonders of the West Lake are due to the existence of tourists visiting the lake, which highlights its charm. The description of the scene and the description of the people complement each other.
Teaching reflection
This teaching design is based on the teaching requirements of classical Chinese in the new curriculum standards: focusing on the understanding and accumulation of vocabulary in classical Chinese, and focusing on understanding the thoughts and feelings of the article through reading aloud. In line with the teaching philosophy of learning first and teaching later, I divide the teaching process of this article into two parts: "student self-study" and "teacher-guided learning".
Classical Chinese teaching is an important part of middle school Chinese teaching, with the main goal of accumulating classical Chinese vocabulary. In the current Chinese teaching, the class hours used in classical Chinese teaching and the time teachers and students spend are gradually increasing, mainly on memorizing classical Chinese words. In the teaching of classical Chinese words, we mostly use under-class annotations, reference books, and reference books to understand the meaning of the text, and then use various methods to repeatedly consolidate the memory. This method is necessary and effective for beginners of classical Chinese. However, as the accumulation of classical Chinese vocabulary increases, students' forgetting rate of vocabulary gradually increases, and students' ability to learn classical Chinese independently has not improved.
This is mainly because the rote-memorizing teaching method makes students lack thinking and have no real understanding of classical Chinese words, and the effect cannot meet the requirements. After a year of study, students in the second grade of junior high school have accumulated a certain amount of classical Chinese vocabulary. At this time, students can be considered to translate classical Chinese words and phrases and understand the text themselves under the guidance and guidance of the teacher, that is, they can self-study the text based on their own accumulation and experience. , and then through mutual exploration and discussion and the teacher’s guidance, the meaning is understood. Through self-reading, we hope to improve the efficiency of classical Chinese learning and improve students' classical Chinese reading ability.
The guided learning process focuses on understanding the meaning of the text and experiencing the author’s feelings through reading. In this process, I designed 5 questions, which are connected back and forth to gradually integrate the students' eyes into the author's emotional world. Understand the snow scene described by the author when he saw it in the article (the rime is foggy, the sky, clouds, mountains and water are white above and below. The shadows on the lake are only a trace of the long embankment, a pavilion in the center of the lake, a mustard with Yu Zhou, and the people in the boat Just two or three pills.) What do you think of? At the same time, you also appreciate and read the words of the characters (How can there be more people like this in the lake? Not to mention the idiots, even more idiots are like the elders!), so that students can compare. A good understanding of the inner world of the characters also makes the classroom teaching diverse and rich in content, and effectively mobilizes the students' atmosphere.
The use of multimedia in this lesson also strives to be simple and effective. Appreciating pictures of West Lake scenery before class created a good atmosphere. Other slides also play a great supporting role.