Chang Jian's life was bumpy, and Geng Jie's life was self-improvement. He doesn't associate with celebrities, and there are no dignitaries among his friends. There is no famous writer except Wang Changling. His poems have clear artistic conception, refined and natural language and unique artistic attainments. The first comment in Yin's Collection of Heroes Crossing the River said: "Poetry is like the beginning of a village, but if you look for a wild path, you will return to the avenue a hundred miles away. Therefore, its purpose is far-reaching and its popularity is different; " I don't need to write a good sentence, I just mean it. "At the same time, sentences such as" or be a friend of your own "("Stay in Wang Changling's Hidden Place ") are called" warning "; He especially praised General Cemetery and The Hanging King, thinking that he was better at expressing sadness and resentment than Pan Yue. Ouyang Xiu especially appreciated the couplet "My road twists and turns, passing through an empty valley and boughs sheltered from the wind, and came to a Buddhist temple" in a Buddhist temple behind Duanshan Temple, and wanted to imitate it for a long time (named Qingzhou Shanzhai). He has 57 existing poems. Although the number is small, "Zhuo Ran is almost nine times out of ten with Wang and Meng" (Catalogue of Sikuquanshu). The theme of the poems is relatively narrow. Although there are some excellent frontier poems, most of them describe rural scenery and interesting mountains and forests. In the prosperous Tang school, it was once said with Wang, Meng, Chu and Chang.
comment
Changjian
The water is unfathomable, and the lonely cloud lives in seclusion.
The moon in the middle of the pine forest is shining like a husband.
Maoting has a thick shadow, and the peony garden gathers moss particles.
I also want to reject the secular, and the western hills Luan crane gregarious.
This is a secluded landscape poem, which has been passed down to this day as a famous work in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, it was highly praised by the "verve school", and it was a masterpiece of meditation after Chang Jian and the broken mountain temple.
Chang Jian and Wang Changling were official friends and good friends of the same scholar in the 15th year of Kaiyuan (727). However, the experience and destination after being an official are very different. Chang Jian was "demoted to the rank of commandant" and only served as the commandant of Xuyi County. Since then, he resigned and retired to Fanshan, Wuchang, namely Xishan. Although Wang Changling's career was bumpy, he did not retire. "Retreat in Wang Changlin" refers to Wang Changling's seclusion before he became an official, and to Wang Changling's absence at that time.
Wang Changling is about thirty-seven years old. Previously, he had been living in seclusion in Shimen Mountain. The mountain is in today's hanshan county, Anhui Province, which is the place called "Qingxi" in the poem. Xuyi, where Chang Jian worked, is now Xuyi, Jiangsu, and is located in the north and south of Huaihe River with Shimen Mountain. Chang Jian resigned and returned to Fanshan, Wuchang, probably not far from the Huaihe River. He visited the nearby Shimen Mountain and stayed in a secluded place in Wang Changling for one night.
The first part is about Wang Changling's seclusion. The phrase "unfathomable" does not refer to the depth of water, but to the fact that Qingxi water flows into the depths of Shimen Mountain with no end in sight. Wang Changling lives in seclusion on Shimen Mountain, with clear streams and flowing water, and only a piece of white clouds can be seen. Tao Hongjing, a hermit in the Qi and Liang Dynasties and known as the "Prime Minister in the Mountain", said to the Emperor, "What's in your mountain? There are many white clouds on the ridge. I can only ask for more happiness, and I am reluctant to give it to you. " Therefore, the white clouds on the mountain are a symbol of the hermit's residence and a symbol of lofty demeanor. But Tao Hongjing is a famous hermit with a lot of white clouds; Wang Changling is poor and lonely, but more lofty. Xu Zeng, a member of the A Qing Dynasty, said, "Only when I see the lonely clouds and Changling is not there, I feel lonely." This understanding is also interesting.
The two couplets in the middle are what I saw and felt on the night of retreat in Wang Changlin. Wang Changling's residence is simple and elegant, a lonely hut, known as "Mao Ting". There are pine trees in front of the house, flowers are planted beside the house, and medicines are used in the hospital. Look at his personality and interests, live alone and love life. Often built here for the night, I looked up and saw the top of the pine tree, the moon rose, and the light came clear, which was particularly affectionate and unintentional. I want to see the bright moon, but I don't know if my master is away tonight. I changed guests, but I still came with feelings. Therefore, the cloud "Jude is a gentleman" and "Jun" refers to Wang Changling. This not only implies the absence of Wang Changling, but also shows the lofty interest of seclusion. It is lonely to stay in the cabin at night, but it is also affectionate to look up at the flowers reflected in the house outside the window. Walking in the yard, I saw Wang Changling's medicinal materials growing well. Because no one has come for a long time, moss grows on the road, and lush herbs nourish the moss. This implies that the host has been away for a long time, and at the same time, it also reveals a feeling of regret and expectation, which is subtle and subtle.
At the end of the couplet, I wrote my own record. "Luan Crane Group" used Jiang Yan's "Denglushan censer peak" to say that this mountain is full of Luan cranes, and they are all fairies, which indicates that they will stay in seclusion for life with Luan cranes. The word "Yi" is used here, which is wonderful. In fact, at this time, Wang Changling has become a scholar and no longer lives in seclusion. The word "Yi" is empty, and it is deliberately and kindly said that I want to learn from Wang Changling's seclusion and follow Wang Changling's fellow travelers, so as to gently tell Wang Changling to stick to his original intention and retire. This is actually the theme of this poem. The title "A Retreat in Wang Changlin" aims to invite Wang Changling to retire.
The artistic feature of this poem is indeed the same as that of a Buddhist retreat behind the Broken Mountain Temple. "Its meaning is far-reaching, its interest is extraordinary, its beautiful sentences are rare, and only its meaning is discussed." Poets are good at writing landscapes in a simple way, which contains profound metaphors, clear images, implicit poems and clear intentions, which are memorable. As far as this poem is concerned, the poet skillfully grasped the place where Wang Changling once lived in seclusion, deeply praised Wang Changling's noble character and noble seclusion interest, and sincerely expressed his irony and expectation of the official Wang Changling's return. Therefore, in terms of conception and expression, the characteristic of "only expressing ambition" is more prominent. The whole article praises this and exhorts the other, which is intended to be implicit and affectionate with the scenery, so that the ruthless scenery in Wang Changling's seclusion is full of deep affection for Wang Changling, and Wang Changling is willing to return. But the technique is just straightforward, not anthropomorphic. Therefore, it is touching and expressive, and its artistic style is really close to that of Wang and Meng.
. Com/zxyw/teacher/tsjs/index _11.html (there are four songs here).