Farewell through Jingmen
Tang Dynasty: Li Bai
Sail from Jingmen Ferry, and soon you will be with southerners.
At the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain, the river winds through the wilderness.
The moon rises like a mirror, and the sea clouds twinkle like palaces.
The water brings you the feeling of home and makes your boat travel 300 miles.
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Translation and annotation
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I crossed the river by boat to Jingmen, far away, and visited the territory of Chu State during the Warring States Period.
With the emergence of the flat and vast Yuan Ye, the mountains gradually disappeared and rivers flowed in the endless Yuan Ye.
The moon on the river flies from the sky like a mirror, and the clouds form a mirage outside the city.
I still cherish the water from my hometown and the boat that came to see me off in the east not far away.
To annotate ...
Jingmen: Shanming is located on the south bank of the Yangtze River in the northwest of Yidu County, Hubei Province, facing Huya Mountain on the north bank. The terrain is dangerous and has been called the throat of Chu and Shu since ancient times.
Far: Far from it.
Chu State: The land of Chu State refers to the area around Hubei, which belonged to Chu State in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Ye Ping: Yuan Ye is both flat and vast.
Jiang: The Yangtze River. Wilderness: a vast field.
The moon is like a mirror: the bright moon is reflected on the river like a flying mirror. Down: Move down.
Mirage: Mirage, describing the beautiful scene of clouds on the river.
Still: still. Pity: pity. One is Lian. Hometown water: refers to the Yangtze River water flowing from Sichuan. Because the poet lived in Sichuan since he was a child, he called Sichuan his hometown.
Wan Li: It's a long trip. ▲
Useful, useless, perfect
References:
1, Zhang. Comments on the translation of the essence notes of Tang poetry. Changchun: Changchun Publishing House, 2065438+00:128-1292, Pei Fei. Appreciation of Li Bai's poems. Chengdu: Bashu Bookstore, 1988 February: 65438+.
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This poem was written by Li Bai when he left Sichuan. Li Bai went out of Shu this time by boat and waterway, crossed Bayu, left the Three Gorges and sailed straight outside Jingmen Mountain, with the purpose of visiting the hometown of Chu in Hubei and Hunan.
"Sail to Jingmen Ferry, and soon you will be with people in the south" refers to this kind of intense tour. At this time, the young poet, full of enthusiasm, sat on the boat and indulged in watching the towering mountains on both sides of Wushan. It seems that the scenery in front of us has gradually changed. After Jingmen, it is already a plain wilderness with a broad horizon, especially a landscape:
"There is the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain, and the river winds through the wilderness." In this couplet, the author uses just ten words to describe four scenes: continuous mountains, flat Yuan Ye, flowing Yangtze River and distant wasteland. Every scene is so vast that people can exhaust their eyes and think for thousands of miles. Mountains gradually disappear with the appearance of low-level Yuanye, and rivers flow in the endless Yuanye. This paper describes the magnificent scenery of Jingmen entering Chu, and describes the changes of the scenery from a flowing perspective. The terrain on both sides of the ship from Shu to Jingmen is from mountains to plains, and the mountains disappear from sight. The river rushed to the vast Yuan Ye along the mountain, drawing a magnificent picture of the Yangtze River and writing a long-term vision. Among them, the word "Sui" gradually changes and shifts the positions of mountains and rivers and Yuan Ye, which is truly expressed and vividly written, giving people a sense of space and mobility.
How to fuse four scenes into one picture? The author uses the word "Sui" to connect "mountain" with "wild" and the word "Ru" to connect "river" with "barren". The word "Sui" depicts the direction and trend of the mountain, with a sense of fluidity and space, as if a picture scroll is slowly unfolding in front of us. The mountains went lower and lower, and finally disappeared into the earth. The plains became wider and wider, and the poet's vision became wider and wider. The word "gold" expresses the joy that the mountain disappears and the plain appears, and the poet's eyes are suddenly enlightened. The word "Ru" has a strong sense of wedging, depicting the power of the Yangtze River to impact the wasteland and inspiring the author's lofty sentiments. The author's inner passion also rushes to the distant horizon with the current. The word "Ru" in "Chinese" ... In Wang Wan's "A berth under the North Fort Mountain", the night has now become an ocean of the sun, and the old year has melted in the clear spring.
"The moon is like a mirror, and the sea clouds shine like a palace" means that the reflection of the moon in the water is like a mirror flying down from the sky, and the clouds rise and fall and change endlessly, forming a mirage. This sentence is a description of the close-up view of the Yangtze River. "The moon is held up like a mirror" is seen from above on a moonlit night. "The sea clouds shine like palaces" is what you see when you look out during the day.
"And the water has brought you a touch of home, and the original painting is 300 miles" means that I still cherish the water in my hometown and send me on a long trip to Wan Li. This sentence personifies the hometown water with personification rhetoric, and writes that the hometown water is affectionate, Wan Li is not far away, and attachment sends me away from my hometown, expressing the poet's reluctance to leave my hometown and miss it.
The poet crossed Jingmen to the Yangtze River, and the Sichuan where the river flows is his hometown of growth. How could he not miss it for the first time? But the poet did not say that he missed his hometown, but that the water in his hometown reluctantly sent me on a long journey. With deep feelings, he rowed your boat for three hundred miles and wrote from the opposite side, which showed his special homesickness. At the end of the poem, there is a strong nostalgia and farewell feeling, and the words are incoherent and full of emotions. "Farewell" in the poem title should be farewell to hometown rather than friends, and there is no farewell to friends in the poem. In the Qing Dynasty, Shen Deqian thought that "there is no farewell in the poem, and the words in the title can be deleted" (Tang Poetry) was not unreasonable.
This poem has a knot from beginning to end, which is seamless, lofty in artistic conception and rich in style. "The mountain is flat and primitive, and the river winds in the wilderness" is vividly written, just like the long-axis landscape map of the Yangtze River crossing Jingmen, and it has become a famous sentence. If the excellent landscape painting "Wan Li should talk about it", then the five laws of this magnificent image can also be said to be able to see the big from the small, treat one as ten, with rich capacity, covering tens of thousands of miles of landscape scenery in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, with highly concentrated artistic generalization.