Say goodbye to the ancient grass, say goodbye to the ancient grass.
(Tang) Bai Juyi
The long grass is so lush that the withered grass will thicken the color of the grass every autumn and winter.
Wildfire can't burn it out, but the spring breeze can revive it.
Weeds and wild flowers are all over the ancient road, and the end of the grass in the sun is your journey.
I once again sent my bosom friend, and the thick grass represented my deep affection.
Word annotation
Ford: Write poems with ancient poems or idiom propositions. There is usually the word "fu" in front of a poem. This is a way for ancient people to learn to write poems, or to write poems on different topics at literati gatherings, or to write poems on topics in imperial examinations, which is called "Fu Yi". [2]
Separation: the appearance of lush grass.
As each season comes and goes: wither, wither. Rong, lush. Weeds flourish and wither once a year.
Honey, they are sweet on the road: Fang refers to the rich aroma of weeds. Fiona Fang: The fragrance of grass spreads everywhere. Invasion, occupation, full. The fragrant weeds in the distance have grown all the way to the ancient post road.
Green: the grassland is bright green.
Wang Sun: This refers to the descendants of nobles, and this refers to friends far away.
Lush: describes the appearance of lush vegetation.
Vernacular translation
Yuan Ye is covered with lush grass, which withers and turns green every year.
Yuan's fire will not go out, but when it blows, it is full of vitality.
The fragrance of fragrant grass permeates the ancient road, and the city is desolate under the sunshine.
He also sent the wanderer on a long journey on the ancient road, and looked at the lush grassland, which was extremely sad.
Engineering overview
Farewell to Cao Yuan in Fude Valley is a famous work by Bai Juyi, a poet in Tang Dynasty.
This poem expresses farewell to friends through the description of weeds in the ancient plain. It can be seen as an ode to weeds, and then an ode to life. The first four sentences of this poem focus on the diachronic beauty of life in Weeds, and the last four sentences focus on the temporal beauty of Weeds. The composition of the whole poem is rigorous, the language is natural and fluent, the antithesis is neat, the scenery is lyrical, and the artistic conception is harmonious, which is the swan song in "Appropriate Fu". The first four sentences of the ancient poem "Grass" in the primary school textbook of People's Education Press. This poem was written in the third year of Zhenyuan (787) and the author was sixteen years old. Poetry is an exam-oriented exercise. According to the rules of the examination, the word "Fu" must be added to any designated and limited poem topic at present, which is similar to chanting things. It is necessary to make clear the meaning of the topic, make clear the connection between the beginning and the end, be precise in the dialogue, and be ethereal and muddy in the whole article in order to speak properly. The bondage is so strict that the body is not so good. According to records, the author entered Beijing from Jiangnan in this year and was included in the poems inscribed by the famous scholar Gu Kuang. At first, Gu Kuang looked at the young scholar and said, "Mi Gui, it's easy to live in it." Although it is a joke in the name of Juyi, it also has the implication that Beijing is not easy to get along with. When he read the sentence "Wildfire never completely devoured them", he couldn't help admiring it greatly. He said: "If you know a word, you will live well." And received wide acclaim. (See Tang Zhanggu's Advocating Leisure) It can be seen that this poem was highly regarded at that time. Poems about objects can also be regarded as allegorical poems. Some people think it's a mockery of the villain. Judging from the whole poem, although the original grass refers to something, its metaphorical meaning is uncertain. "Wildfire never completely burned them, and the spring breeze blew high." However, as a kind of "tenacity", it is well known and has become a swan song that has been passed down through the ages.
Creation background
"Farewell to Fude Guyuan Grass" was written in 788 AD (the third year of Zhenyuan in Tang Dezong), when the author was sixteen years old. This poem is an exam-oriented exercise. According to the rules of scientific research, the word "Fu" must be added to any limited poem topic at present, which is similar to chanting things.
Ideological content
This poem expresses farewell to friends through the description of weeds in the ancient plain. It can be seen as an ode to weeds, and then an ode to life. The first four sentences of this poem focus on the diachronic beauty of life in Weeds, and the last four sentences focus on the temporal beauty of Weeds. The composition of the whole poem is rigorous, the language is natural and fluent, the antithesis is neat, the scenery is lyrical, and the artistic conception is harmonious, which is the swan song in "Appropriate Fu". The first four sentences of the ancient poem "Grass" in the primary school textbook of People's Education Press. This poem was written in the third year of Zhenyuan (787) and the author was sixteen years old. Poetry is an exam-oriented exercise. According to the rules of the examination, the word "Fu" must be added to any designated and limited poem topic at present, which is similar to chanting things. It is necessary to make clear the meaning of the topic, make clear the connection between the beginning and the end, be precise in the dialogue, and be ethereal and muddy in the whole article in order to speak properly. The bondage is so strict that the body is not so good. According to records, the author entered Beijing from Jiangnan in this year and was included in the poems inscribed by the famous scholar Gu Kuang. At first, Gu Kuang looked at the young scholar and said, "Mi Gui, it's easy to live in it." Although it is a joke in the name of Juyi, it also has the implication that Beijing is not easy to get along with. When he read the sentence "Wildfire never completely devoured them", he couldn't help admiring it greatly. He said: "If you know a word, you will live well." And received wide acclaim. (See Tang Zhanggu's Advocating Leisure) It can be seen that this poem was highly regarded at that time. Poems about objects can also be regarded as allegorical poems. Some people think it's a mockery of the villain. Judging from the whole poem, although the original grass refers to something, its metaphorical meaning is uncertain. "Wildfire never completely burned them, and the spring breeze blew high." However, as a kind of "tenacity", it is well known and has become a swan song that has been passed down through the ages.
Make an appreciative comment
The first sentence to bid farewell to the ancient grass is the word "ancient grass". How lush ("detached") the original grass is, grasping the vitality of "spring grass", which can be said to be detached from "spring grass grows and grows" without trace, which opens up a good idea for the following. As far as "Ancient Grass" is concerned, why not start with "Qiu Lai Deep Path" (the original "Autumn Grass" was written by an ancient monk), and the whole story will be another kind of atmosphere. Weeds are annual plants, which flourish in spring and wither in autumn. "Come and go with each season" seems to be nothing more than that. However, writing "withered-glorious" is very different from writing "glorious-withered". If the latter is autumn grass, you can't make three or four good sentences. The word "one" overlaps together, forming a sigh, showing an endless feeling first, and three or four sentences will follow.
"Wildfire never completely devoured them, and they grew taller in the spring breeze." This is the development of the word "withered glory", which changed from a concept to an image. The ancient grass is characterized by tenacious vitality. You can't cut or hoe. As long as a few roots are left, the next year will be greener and longer, and will soon spread to Yuanye. Grasping this feature, the author does not say "endless chopping and hoeing", but writes "wildfire never consumes them completely", creating a heroic artistic conception. Wildfires start a prairie fire, and the flames are terrible. In an instant, a large area of hay was burned to the ground. Emphasizing the power of destruction and the pain of destruction means emphasizing the power of regeneration and the joy of regeneration. Fire can "burn out" all weeds, even stems and leaves, but the author says it is "inexhaustible" and is of great significance. Because no matter how fierce the fire is, there is no way to help the roots buried deep underground. Once the spring breeze melts into rain, the life of weeds will revive and cover the earth again with rapid growth in response to the abuse of fire. Look at that "vast sea of grass", isn't it a green flag of victory? The language of "they have grown taller in the spring breeze" is concise and powerful, and the word "rebirth" has three points and ten meanings. Song Dynasty and Notes on Remnant Gaizhai said that these two sentences were "not as concise as Liu Changqing's poem Burning Green in Spring", but they were not really seen.
These two sentences not only describe the character of "grass on the original", but also describe an ideal model of regeneration from fire. One sentence is dry, the other is glory, and how "Endless Burning" and "Blowing Again" sing and sigh, the confrontation is also natural, so it is outstanding through the ages. Although Liu's sentences are similar in meaning, they lack charm and are far less than white sentences.
If these two sentences focus on "ancient grass" and focus on "grass", then five or six sentences continue to write "ancient grass" and focus on "ancient grass" to lead to the meaning of "don't", then it is a turning point. Running water is natural for the final combination; And this combination is right, the beauty lies in seiko, and it is quite changeable. Both Fiona Fang and Cui Jing describe grass, which is more concrete and vivid than the original grass. Fang said "far", and the ancient plains were filled with fragrance; Cui Yue is "sunny", and the green grass is bathed in the sunshine, which is as beautiful as the first time. The words "invasion" and "connection" follow the word "rebirth", writing a trend of spreading and expanding, once again highlighting the image of the strong weeds in the competition for survival. The "ancient road" and "desolate city" are extremely tangent to the "ancient plain" Although the ancient Taoist city was deserted, the growth of grass restored its youth. Compared with the original autumn plain with autumn grass, it is full of vitality.
The author didn't write about Guyuan for the sake of "Guyuan", but at the same time arranged a typical farewell environment: Guyuan's scenery in "The Sand" was so charming, and the farewell happened in this background was so melancholy and poetic. The word "Wang Sun" is borrowed from Chu Ci to make a sentence, which generally refers to the traveler. "The prince and grandson swam away, and the spring grass grew." Refers to people who have not come back when they see the lush grass. However, here, it is used in different ways. It is about the sadness of seeing the lush grass send away. It seems that every blade of grass is full of special feelings. It is really: "Hate like spring grass, and live further" (Li Yu's "Qingpingle"). What a meaningful ending this is! At this point in the poem, "Farewell" has been made clear, the meaning of the question has been set, and the whole article is closed. "Guyuan", "Grass" and "Farewell" are integrated into one, and the artistic conception is extremely muddy.
The words used in the whole poem are natural, smooth and neat. Although it is a propositional poem, it can be integrated into profound life feelings. Therefore, every word contains true feelings, and the language has a aftertaste, which is not only appropriate, but also unique, and can be called the swan song in Fu Yi Li.
Famous comments
This poem has been well received by predecessors. Ancient Tang Huan Miscellanies: "Sister Liu Xiaozhuo's poem:' The fallen flowers are more harmonious, and the jungle is sprouting again'. Meng Haoran's' flowers in the forest are swept away, but the grass is still alive'. Is this couplet written by Wei Liu? ..... The ancients wrote poems with their own roots, but they are infinite and cannot be imitated. " "The Formation of Tang Poetry": "Not necessarily meaningful. If there is room for broad weather, it is different from whispering. This is the difference between a big family and a small family. "
But some people say that this poem has other meaning. "Three hundred Tang Poems": "Poetry is a metaphor for villains. Can not be eliminated, what you get is born, and what you get is the Tao. The decoration is awkward, but it is the most vulnerable. " On the realm of poetry: "those who recite this poem think that there are endless villains, such as grass." This is the author's original intention, which is unknown. But the metaphor is uncertain, thinking that Yu Shidao will cure the chaotic cycle; Thinking is more than heavenly heart, Zhenyuan is ups and downs. Although it is cold and snowy, spring has sprouted. Different people have different opinions and can do anything. "
Brief introduction of the author
Bai Juyi (772 ~ 846) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word Lotte,No. Xiangshan lay. First lived in Taiyuan (now Shanxi), then moved to Xiatuo (now northeast Weinan, Shaanxi). Zhenyuan Jinshi, awarded the secretary provincial school book lang. During the Yuanhe period, Zuo Yi was a posthumous child and Zuo Zanshan was a doctor. Later, due to the above requirements, the murderer who stabbed Prime Minister Wu was severely arrested, offended powerful people and was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima.
In the early years of Changqing, he was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou, and Bao Li was appointed as the secretariat of Suzhou in the early years, and later served as the minister of punishments. In literature, he advocated that "articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written for things", and he was an advocate of the New Yuefu Movement. His poetic language is very popular. And Yuan Zhen were called "Bai Yuan", Liu Yuxi was called "Bai Liu", and Li Bai and Du Fu were called "three great poets" in the Tang Dynasty. There is Bai Changqing Collection.
In his later years, the official was the Prince with less Fu, and posthumous title was Bai Fu and Bai Wengong. He actively advocated the new Yuefu movement in literature, arguing that articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things. He wrote many poems lamenting the times and reflecting the sufferings of the people, which had a great influence on later generations. He is a very important poet in the history of China literature.