1. Must-memorize ancient poems and essays for the 2013 College Entrance Examination Chinese Language
***68 pieces.
Qinyuanchun Changsha, Yuxiang, Farewell to Kangqiao, Zhu Zhiwu retreated from the Qin army, Jing Ke assassinated the King of Qin (excerpt), Hongmen Banquet (excerpt) commemorated Liu Hezhenjun (excerpt). Moonlight over the Lotus Pond (Excerpt), Meng, Picking Weiwei, Li Sao, Peacock Flying Southeast (Excerpt) Crossing the River to Pick Hibiscus, Short Song Journey, Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields (Part 1), Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection, Red Cliff Ode, Travel to Praise Zen Mountain (Excerpt) ).
The Road to Shu is Difficult, Eight Poems for Autumn (Part 1), Ode to Ancient Relics (Part 3), Climbing High, Playing the Pipa, Jinse, Mawei (Part 2), I am a humble person to the country, and encourage learning , On the Passage of Qin (Excerpt), Shi Shuo. Dou E's injustice (excerpt), watching the sea tide, raining bells, thinking about Nujiao·Chibi nostalgic, calming the storm, water dragon chanting·Dengjian Kangxin Pavilion, Yongyu Le·Jingkou Beigu Pavilion nostalgic, drunken flower shade, slow voice, The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru (Excerpt) and the Biography of Su Wu (Excerpt). 2. 2013 Guangdong College Entrance Examination Chinese Language Classical Chinese History of the Song Dynasty Zhang Yongzhuan Detailed Notes
The classical Chinese reading excerpts of the 2013 Guangdong College Entrance Examination Chinese Language Examination Paper are from "Song History Zhang Yongzhuan". The following is the translation of these two passages.
Zhang Yong, whose courtesy name is Fuzhi, is from Juancheng, Puzhou. In the fifth year of Emperor Taizong's reign of peace and rejuvenation of the country (AD 980), Puzhou County recommended Jinshi, and (everyone) discussed and recommended Zhang Yong first. (At that time) Zhang Tan, an experienced and knowledgeable scholar, failed to win. Zhang Yong and Kou Zhun wrote to the county governor, recommending Zhang Tan as the first place. Everyone praised him for his humility. Li Hang, Song Zhuo, and Kou Zhun recommended him and was appointed as the transfer envoy of Jinghu North Road. It was reported to the imperial court that the water delivery servants in Gui and Xia prefectures should be exempted. Later he was transferred to the post of Dr. Taichang. Song Taizong heard that he was capable and capable, so he issued an edict to return him to Beijing.
At that time, Zhang Yongde was an official in Bingzhou and Daizhou. A soldier broke the law and was whipped to death. The emperor issued an edict to investigate his crime. Zhang Yongfeng returned the edict and said: "The emperor has just appointed Zhang Yongde to be in charge of the frontier. If he punishes the commander because a subordinate school was killed, I'm worried that his subordinates will look down on the commander." Song Taizong did not listen to his opinion. . Not long after, there were indeed garrison troops who were persecuting and intimidating the soldiers. Zhang Yong quoted what had happened before and made suggestions, and Song Taizong changed his mind and allowed him to condole with him.
When (Zhang Yong) took office as the magistrate of Yizhou, Li Shun was revolting. Wang Jien and Shangguan Zheng planned to attack Li Shun, but stopped their troops and did not attack. Zhang Yong encouraged Shangguanzheng with words, encouraged him to go into battle in person, and held a grand banquet to see him off. Therefore, Shangguan decided to march and win a great victory. When the rebels looted, many people were taken into submission. Zhang Yong issued an official document telling the people that the court was kind and allowed everyone to return to their fields (without being held accountable).
In the beginning, scholars in Shu were willing to study knowledge, but not to be officials. Zhang Yong inspected Zhang Ji, Li Dan, Zhang Kui and other people in Shu County. They were all learned and capable, and were praised by the local people, so he encouraged them to take the imperial examination, and all three of them passed. Works from Huayu.com
In the summer of the second year of Chengping, Zhang Yong took office in Hangzhou as the minister of the Ministry of Industry. The harvest was bad that year, so people sold private salt to survive. Hundreds of criminals were captured, and Zhang Yong reduced their punishments and released them. Subordinate officials requested: "(If) there are no severe penalties, I'm afraid there is no way to prohibit (trafficking in smuggled salt)." Zhang Yong said: "Nine out of 100,000 households in Qiantang are starving. If they are not allowed to sell smuggled salt, Looking for a way to survive, once they gather and become thieves, it will cause a big disaster. After the crops are harvested in the autumn, the original laws should be implemented."
In the fifth year of Chengping, Song Zhenzong governed Shu according to Zhang Yong. The effect was good, and he was appointed magistrate of Yizhou again. When (the emperor) sent Xie Tao to inspect Shu, the emperor asked him to send a message to Zhang Yong: "With you in Shu, I won't worry about the west."
When Zhang Yong and Qingzhou Fu Lin were young, they were classmate. Fu Lin lived in seclusion and could not become an official. Zhang Yong had a prominent identity and had been searching for Fu Lin for decades, but could not find him. When Fu Lin came to visit, the doorman said that Fu Lin wanted to see him. Zhang Yong blamed the doorman and said: "Mr. Fu is a wise man in the world. I can't even be friends with him. Who are you? Dare to call him by his name!"
This article is from Chinese Language Network (Thn21) View the full text: 3. 2012 National College Entrance Examination Chinese Language and Literature
(1) Civilian Reading (19 points)
Read the following Classical Chinese, complete questions 4-7.
Xiao Sui (1117-1193), also named Zhaolin, was a soldier in Linjiang. Sui is born with unique ideas, and he is capable of literature when he is young. In the 18th year of Shaoxing, he was promoted to Jinshi with high rank. Granted the title of Observer and Promotion Officer of Pingjiang Prefecture. At that time, Qin Hui was in charge of the country, and his close party secretly informed Sui that he would be in charge of Caotai in the autumn trial. Sui asked him why, and said: "If the prime minister has a son, he will raise him because he wants to be a public servant." Sui said angrily: "You dare to deceive your heart when you are a new official. "Huai Huaizhi was summoned to Xiuzhou, and the number of troops was overflowing. One of the Yi soldiers went to Cao Wei, and Qin Xiguo was in the forefront. When the rank is full, he should be an academic official. He should avoid the juniper and be transferred to Jingjiang Mansion for inspection and return. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the dream god wrote a document and wrote down a couplet: "Like a fierce fire, jade and stone will be burned; in the holly green, the pines and cypresses will not change." It has fulfilled the previous events. Not long after, Ding You. In the 32nd year, he was awarded the title of Professor of Jingzhou. At the beginning of Emperor Xiaozong's reign, all professors in the palaces, universities and primary schools were removed. Lun Dui said, "Officials should choose people, and officials should not choose officials for people." He was so happy that he compiled "Employment Theory" and gave it to the ministers.
In the second year of Chunxi's reign, Lei moved to Guozi, where he also had the power of living and living, and was promoted to living minister. First of all, in Chaguan Que, most of the Chaolu belonged to Sui, and because they had not yet visited the county, Zuo Sijian was eliminated. At that time, Hu Yuke, a guest of the eunuch Gan Min, and Wang Pian's clan uncle, all of whom had accepted the decree, kept their integrity outside and had something to rely on. However, they showed no good behavior, so they all stopped playing. At that time, he reconsidered the situation and asked Sui, who replied: "Is it true that today's virtuous people are mixed, customs are floating, the army is not strong, and the wealth is not rich, it is better to lie down on the firewood and taste courage in order to cure it internally. If you rely on being well-off, you will be arrogant, and I don't know it." "The above said: "loyal advice." Because I advise you to follow the correct discipline and be honest; to be kind to a gentleman, and to be far away from villains; if you learn hard, you can be rewarded with salary, and you can't use it as a pretext. All are honored. He came out of Yanzhou. The place of production is narrow and the wealth is scarce. When I first arrived, the official salary was less than three thousand, but the thrift was sufficient. In two years, he used his envy to make up for his accumulated wealth, and all the towns were wide. Jin's official title was given above, and he would not give it unless he had merit. He ordered Sui to govern the county, and he had work to do. In addition to Fu Wenge and waiting for the system, he moved to Wuzhou. The elders blocked the road and few could go. Thousands of people were sent out. In Wu and Yanlin, people are familiar with the rules and regulations, and they govern without labor. Years of drought. When the Changping Division in western Zhejiang asked for millet to be moved to Shanxi, Sui said: "It's not appropriate to accept the east-west road. How can we tolerate the old system and sit back and watch?" In order to invite the dynasties, he sent Taicang to revive it. In the eighth year, he called back and said: "There will be another flood and drought in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. I would like to issue an edict to ask for advice, and still order the officials to coordinate the finances of the counties and counties, instead of supervising and forcing them." In the tenth year, he said that the people of the counties and counties in Guangxi were poor. The disadvantages of money. A lot of things can be done. Celebration Pei Ze. If the small amount of money is reduced by half, it will be fired by oneself. Shaoxi died in the fourth year of his reign at the age of seventy-seven.
(Excerpt from "History of Song Dynasty? Biography of Xiao Sui")
[Note] ① Main text: Presiding over the examination. ②镪: Strings of money.
4. For the explanation of the number of dots in the following sentences, which one is incorrect (3 points)
A. When the prime minister has a son, he will give it to the public, and if he wants to, he will belong to the public: Entrusted.
B. Huai Huaizhi, and then was called Xiuzhou Huai: title of hatred.
C. One of the members of the hospital Yi went to Cao Wei. Yi: Replacement.
D. Inspector Que, most of the court discussions belong to Sui Que: dereliction of duty.
5. Among the following sets of sentences, the one that all shows that Xiao Tunge is dedicated to his duties is ((3 points))
① Tun said angrily: "How dare you deceive your heart when you are a new official?" ! " ② On "Officials should choose people, not people."
③ If you have something to rely on and have no good deeds, just give it up ④ If you rely on being well-off, you are arrogant and not known to me< /p>
⑤The official salary is less than 3,000, and the tunnel is enough to use it ⑥In order to invite the dynasties, send Taicang rice to revitalize it
A. ①③⑤ B.①④⑥
C . ②③④ D.②⑤⑥
6. In the following summary and analysis of the original text, which one is incorrect (3 points)
A. Xiao Sui is very talented. As an official, he was not afraid of the powerful. He was able to write since he was a child, and he entered the official career after becoming a Jinshi. At that time, Qin Hui was in power. Xiao Tun refused.
B. Xiao Tun was outspoken and his speech hit the mark. Confidants can be rewarded with property but not power for meritorious service, and are approved by the emperor.
C. Xiao Tun has outstanding political achievements and is commended by the emperor. Yanzhou is small in area and lacks property. He manages the government diligently and uses surplus to make up for it. /p>
To make up for the arrears, people everywhere felt relieved; the emperor promoted Xiao Tun's position and transferred him to govern Wuzhou.
D. Xiao Tun returned to the court and still paid attention to major events in various places. During that time, Jiangsu and Zhejiang suffered from flooding for two years. He petitioned the various ministers to help solve the problem. He also reported that the people of Guangxi were suffering from poverty, and most of his suggestions were implemented. p> 7. Translate the underlined sentences in the text into modern Chinese (10 points)
(1) Today’s virtuous people are mixed, customs are floating, the army is not strong, and the wealth is not abundant, it is better to work hard and eat courage. In order to seek internal governance
(2) Tun said: "The east and west are on different roads, so why should we tolerate the old governance and sit back and watch?
Answers to the test questions
4.D 5.C 6.A
7. (10 points)
(I) Nowadays, people with virtue and talent are mixed together, and customs are diluted and frivolous. If the military is not strong and the wealth is not strong, we should use external resources to try to achieve domestic stability and peace.
(2) Xiao Sui said: "The east and the west are not on the same road. Ordinarily. We shouldn’t give food, but how can we bear to ignore the area under our jurisdiction
” 4. Translation of Li Kui’s biography of Chinese language in the 2013 College Entrance Examination
Li Kui, whose courtesy name is Duanqing, is from Longxi? He was born in Chengji and settled in Zhengzhou. He was a member of a distinguished family for generations.
When he was young, Li Kui was smart and studious, and was good at writing articles. In the late Kaiyuan Dynasty, he became a Jinshi and wrote to the imperial court. The emperor issued an edict to him to come to Zhongshu. Provincial examination articles, promoted to Youshiyi.
In the early years of the Qianyuan Dynasty, Li Kui also served as the minister of the Ministry of Rites. When the competent authorities admitted scholars, most of them did not examine their actual abilities, but only took strict precautions during the examination and searched for scholars. The books they carried greatly violated the original intention of seeking talents.
When Li Kui reviewed the Jinshi articles, they said: "When a great country selects scholars, they only seek talents. The scriptures are here, please search them at will." Within the next few months, the good reputation spread to the emperor. .
From then on, Li Kui was deeply favored and treated with courtesy, so he was reused.
At that time, there were many thieves in the capital, and some people killed people on the main roads and threw their bodies in ditches. At that time, Li Fuguo was domineering and asked to select 500 Yulin knights for patrolling.
Li Kui Shangshu said: "In the past, the Western Han Dynasty used the northern and southern armies to command each other, so Zhou Bo sent the southern army to join the northern army, and finally stabilized the Liu family. This dynasty set up northern and southern yamen, with civil and military divisions, so as to monitor each other .
Now that the Yulin Army is used to replace the Jinwu soldiers for night patrol, something unexpected happens. How will it be stopped? "The emperor then issued an order to deny Li Fuguo's request to use Yulin soldiers. Li Kui was appointed prime minister and made outspoken decisions on political affairs. Although he was very eloquent and eloquent, he was keen on pursuing fame and fortune and was deeply condemned by public opinion.
In addition, his elder brother was also very famous at the time. He had been holding idle official positions and was never recommended. Although his colleague Lü Kui was very different from Li Kui in status and prestige, his ability to handle political affairs was superior to that of Li Kui. After he was removed as prime minister, he was appointed as the governor of Jingnan by a guest, and his reputation was very good.
Li Kui was worried that he would return to the court to worship the prime minister, so he secretly ordered officials from the province to search for Lu Xi's faults in Lu Xi's jurisdiction. Lu Xi secretly went to Shu to explain for herself, and the emperor demoted Li Kui to Shi Tongzheng, governor of Lai.
After Li Kui was demoted, a few days later, his brother was promoted to the title of Minister Yuanwailang. Many years later, Li Kui was pardoned and moved to the post of governor of Shezhou.
At the beginning, when Li Kui was in power, Miao Jinqing, the minister in charge, recommended Yuan Zai for important positions many times. Li Kui relied on his family status and reputation. Because Yuan Zai was from a humble background, he looked down on him and refused to accept him. Instead, he said to Miao Jinqing: "People of noble birth are not appointed, but people with deer heads and rat eyes come to seek official positions."
Yuan Zai was deeply resentful. When Yuan Zai ascended to the throne and Li Kui was expected to move to another official position, he was appointed to serve as secretary-supervisor and go to the Jianghuai area to recuperate.
Because there was no salary, the family fell into poverty. With a wife and children, they relied on begging for a living. Li Kui wandered around various states for fifteen or six years.
If the local governor was a little indifferent, he would move to another place again, so there were about a dozen states where Li Kui moved. After Yuan Zai was executed for his crimes, the imperial court appointed Li Kui as the governor of Muzhou, and he was summoned to the imperial court to serve as the son of the emperor and minister of the Ministry of Rites. He was hated by Lu Qi.
When Dezong was in Shannan, he ordered Li Kui to serve as the envoy to the Tibetan alliance and was granted the title of Zuopushe. When he arrived in Fengzhou, he died of illness in April of the first year of Xingyuan at the age of seventy-four.
5. What are the key ancient Chinese texts in the College Entrance Examination?
It is not possible to say for sure how many ancient texts are important in the College Entrance Examination.
Sometimes the most important ancient texts in the College Entrance Examination are unimportant or unimportant. Things that people don’t pay attention to,
I just suggest that you read more of these ancient essays,
Ancient essays (9 articles)
Encouragement to learn (excerpt: From "learning cannot be done" to "impetuousness") "Xunzi"
On the Passage of the Qin Dynasty (Excerpt: From "Up to the First Emperor" to "If benevolence and righteousness are not applied, the offensive and defensive momentum will be different") Jia Yi
Preface to the Lanting Collection by Wang Xizhi
Returning and Saying a Word about Tao Yuanming
Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng (Excerpt: From "September of Shiwei" to "The Sound of the Hengyang Pu ") Wang Bo
The teacher talks about Han Yu
Epang Palace's poem to Du Mu
Six Kingdoms on Su Xun
Former Chibi's poem to Su Shi
Poems and Music (28 pieces)
Meng's "The Book of Songs"
Li Sao (Excerpt: From "The Miao descendants of Emperor Gaoyang are here" to "Lai Wu Daofu is the pioneer") Qu Yuan
The Peacock Flying Southeast (with preface) (Excerpt: From "the rooster crows to the dawn" to "the two emotions are dependent on each other", from "the government officials heard about this change" to "to the end of everything" )
Han Yuefu
"Nineteen Ancient Poems" by Far Altair
Cao Cao's Short Song
Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields (Shaowu) Suitable for popular rhymes) Tao Yuanming
Living in the Mountains in the Autumn Twilight and Wang Wei
The Road to Shu Is Difficult Li Bai
Sleepwalking in Heaven and Saying Farewell Li Bai
About to Enter Wine Li Bai
Du Fu, Prime Minister of Shu
Climbing Du Fu
Climbing Yueyang Tower Du Fu
Liu Yuxi in Stone City
Playing Pipa ( Excerpt: From "Looking for the voice and asking who is bombarding" to "Only seeing the white moon in the middle of the river in autumn") Bai Juyi
Li Ping's konghou quoted Li He
Passing Huaqing Palace (Looking back at Chang'an) Embroidered in piles) Du Mu
Jinse Li Shangyin
Poppy (When are the spring flowers and autumn moon) Li Yu
Yu Linling (cicadas are sad) Liu Yong
The fragrance of cinnamon sticks (come to see her off) Wang Anshi
Nian Nujiao (going eastward from the Yangtze River) Su Shi
The Immortal of Magpie Bridge (Xianyun makes clever things) Qin Guan
< p> Slow voice (Xun Xun Mi Mi) Li QingzhaoShu Ang (I knew the world was hard at an early age) Lu You
Yong Yu Le (Eternal Land) Xin Qiji
Yangzhou Slow (the famous capital of Huaizuo) Jiang Kui
Farewell at the Changting Pavilion (Excerpt: The main palace is in good condition) Wang Shifu