Two techniques in literary creation. Comparison is a metaphor. Xing is a sustenance. Bi Xing has a long history in China's poetry creation, starting from The Book of Songs. Confucian poetics lists Bi Xing as "six meanings": wind, fu, bi, xing, elegance and praise. Zheng Xuan said: "Comparison" means "seeing the loss of today, not daring to criticize, speaking by analogy". "Xing" is to see the beauty of today, not to flatter it. Persuade them with kindness "(see" Zhou Li Chunguan Zongbo Master's Notes "). Explain the relationship between Bi Xing and Mei Ci. Metaphor is mostly used in old-style poems and folk songs, but rarely or not used in general literary works.
These are the three skills of China's ancient prose creation. Fu, Bi and Xing. In addition, there are three techniques: style, elegance and praise. These six techniques are called six arts. In the problem, ratio means metaphor. Xing means contrast and sustenance. These are mostly used in old-style poems and songs. It is generally difficult to see a good description of Bi Xing's hand hair now. These creative techniques were widely used in early literary works, such as the six arts in The Book of Songs.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu explained in his Biography of Poetry: "The giver is also the truth of Chen Qi." That is to say, tell the truth; "Compared with others, compare this thing with another thing." Is to quote metaphors; "If you are excited, you should say something else first to arouse the words you are reciting." That is, touching the scene, arousing feelings, stimulating association and imagination. The folk songs in The Book of Songs use fu, bi and xing techniques, and their images are vivid and vivid, so that the expressions of birds and animals, animals and plants, the scenes of all things in the world and the voices and smiles of characters are vividly displayed. Fu Bi Xing, especially Bi Xing, which began in The Book of Songs, became the basic principle of China's poetry expression and had a great influence on the development of later poetry.
Bixing "Bixing" is a concept with rich meanings and many ambiguities. Mao Heng's so-called "Xing" in the Western Han Dynasty includes two situations. One means "initial" role. The Exegetical Biography of Mao Poetry says, "Xing, Qi also." It's an emotional effect caused by objects. Objects and emotions are not necessarily linked by content, but sometimes only by phonemes. "Xing" in Mao Zhuan has another meaning, which refers to a complicated and obscure metaphor. In Biography of Poetry, Zhu said, "If you are interested, you should compare with other things" and "If you are interested, you should first say other things to arouse the words you are reciting." Explain the meaning of Bi Xing simply and accurately. "Bi" refers to the introduction of figurative objects through analogy association or anyway association, and "writing something adds meaning"; "Xing" means "passion for touching things", and "other things" is the scenery described in the poem, and this kind of scenery must contain the poet's feelings when touching things. "Xing" is a more subtle and euphemistic expression than "Bi".
The Book of Songs is the oldest collection of poems in China, and most of its works began with Bi Xing's writing. Among them, the poem Nan Zhou Guanju successfully uses metaphor. This is a love poem. If you want to write what you think of as "women", let's start with the pheasant dove. The phrase "Guan Guan pheasant dove, in Hezhou" is both fun and comparative. The pheasant pigeon is docile by nature, which can be compared with the demure of a lady. The pheasant dove is a common bird in "Hezhou", which can remind people of the daughter who often comes to the river to collect pheasants; "Guan Guan" is the voice of men and women singing harmoniously, which can arouse the "gentleman" to think about "autumn". It can be seen that poetry itself has the functions of association, implication and symbol, which in itself brings a lot of space for the understanding of poetry.
"Bi Xing" originally contains two figures of speech, namely "Bi Xing" and "Xing". However, when people talk about classical poetry and folk songs, they are often associated with Bi Xing, which is mainly used as a metaphor and sometimes refers to the method of "Xing". Because "Xing Xing" has the function of arousing and associating, it is often placed at the beginning of a chapter. At the beginning of the two chapters of the Book of Songs Feng Weimang, the technique of "Xing" is used: "The mulberry is not falling, and the leaves are Mao." "When the mulberry falls, it falls yellow." The content of Feng Wei's Cutting Tan in the Book of Songs satirizes the ruler's living expenses, and every paragraph in the poem begins with cutting Tan. The poem "Peacock Flying Southeast" by Han Yuefu begins with "Peacock Flying Southeast and Wandering Five Miles", which uses concrete images to render the atmosphere, stimulate readers' imagination, create a sentimental artistic conception, and also cause the following stories, which plays a leading role in the whole article.