The geese flying from south to north convey their thoughts to people.
Fish is a double carp, wooden fish-shaped letters, split in the middle, hollowed out to put letters. Before the invention of paper, the ancients used plain silk to write letters, usually one foot, which was called ruler book in poetry. Wooden letters are called letters, and plain silk is called letters. Later, when poets wrote poems and lyrics, they often used "Pisces" and "Geometry" instead of letters to make the words more elegant. The ancients also had the practice of folding plain silk into the shape of Pisces: "Plain silk is as big as frost and snow and folded into a pair of carp. You should know what you are thinking and read the book in your stomach. " When paper became popular in the Tang Dynasty, the poet used "double carp" to refer to paper letters, and Li Shangyin wrote the quatrain of "double carp and one piece of paper".
2. The story of ancient communication: Kite communication
The kite we use for entertainment today played an important role as an emergency communication tool in ancient times.
Legend has it that as early as the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Lu's skillful craftsman lost the game (that is, Lu Ban) once imitated the shape of a bird. "Cutting bamboo and wood thought it was a magpie and flew three days later." This flying "wooden magpie" made of bamboo and wood is the predecessor of kite. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun invented papermaking. People made a frame with bamboo sticks and then pasted it with paper, which became a "paper kite". In the Five Dynasties, when people made paper kites, they tied a bamboo whistle on them. The wind blows a bamboo whistle, which sounds like a kite, hence the word "kite".
The original kites were made for military needs, mainly used for military reconnaissance or for transmitting information and military intelligence. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that kites gradually became an entertainment toy and spread among the people.
lighthouse
Lighthouses originated from the bonfires in ancient Egypt. The earliest lighthouse in the world was built in the 7th century BC, located at Baba Point in the Daniil Strait, standing like a huge bell tower. At that time, people burned firewood in the lighthouse and used its fire to guide the course.
In 280 BC, the ancient Egyptians, under the orders of King Ptolemy II Filadelf, built a lighthouse on fallows Island opposite Alexandria, Egypt, which was 85 meters high and burned wood day and night, with flames and smoke columns as navigation signs. Faros Lighthouse, known as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, was destroyed by the earthquake in 1302. At the beginning of the 9th century, the French lighthouse was built on Douang Reef, a surgical site at the mouth of the gironde River, and has been rebuilt twice so far. The existing lighthouse was built in 16 1 1.
Among the ancient lighthouses, Livorno Lighthouse in Italy is still in use today. The lighthouse was built in 1304, made of stone and 50 meters high. The first lighthouse in America was the Boston Lighthouse built in 17 16. Since then, lens lighthouse was built in 1823, electric lighthouse was built in 1858, lighthouse was built on soft foundation for the first time in 1885, and the first gas flash tower was built in 1906. In 1850, there were only 1570 lighthouses in the world, and in 1900, the number increased to 9400. By the beginning of 1984, including other luminous beacons, the total number of lighthouses had exceeded 55,000.
Communication tower
/kloc-in the 8th century, Claude Chappe, a French engineer, successfully developed a practical communication system to speed up information transmission. The system consists of several communication towers, which are built 230 kilometers between Paris and Lille. A wooden pole is erected at the top of these towers, and a horizontal crossbar is installed on the wooden pole. People can rotate and swing the wooden pole under the operation of ropes to form various angles. The two vertical arms are installed at both ends of the horizontal cross bar and can also rotate. In this way, each tower can form 192 different configurations through wooden poles, and the nearby towers can see the information representing the meaning of 192 through telescopes. In this way, within a distance of 230 kilometers, the information can be transmitted in two minutes. This system made great contributions to the French revolutionary war in the18th century.
signal flag
It has been more than 400 years since signal flags were used for communication on ships. The advantage of banner communication is very simple. Therefore, even today when modern communication technology is quite developed, this simple communication mode is still preserved and becomes an important way of short-distance communication. In sign communication, signal signs can be used alone or in combination to express different meanings. Usually hanging a flag indicates the most urgent, important or commonly used content. For example, the A-flag is hoisted, which means "There are divers under my boat, please stay away from my boat slowly"; Hang the O-flag, which means "someone falls into the water"; Hanging the W flag means "my ship needs medical assistance" and so on.
flag signal
During the 200 years of15-16th century, the commander of the fleet commanded his ships by firing guns or sailing. 1777, Admiral Howe, commander of the British and American fleets, printed a signal manual, becoming the first person to write a signal book. Later, Admiral Sir Popham used some flags as shorthand letters to create a complete set of semaphore letters. 1805, when Lord Nelson commanded the Battle of Trafalgar, the last signal he sent before he died was 16 Pophanqi: "Close to the enemy and fight at close range."
18 17, the British navy colonel Mariette compiled the first internationally recognized alphanumeric. There are also 40 signal flags, including 26 letter flags, digital flags 10, 3 substitute flags and answer flags 1. Flags have different shapes: dovetail, rectangle, trapezoid, triangle and so on. The colors and patterns of flags are also different.
References:
Some people don't need it.
3. Ancient communication stories 1. According to records, during the Wang You period of the Zhou Dynasty more than 2,700 years ago, there was a method of transmitting information by bonfire. When all the princes saw the bonfire, they would send troops to help and fight the enemy.
According to legend, a favorite princess in Zhou Youwang praised her. She is beautiful, but she doesn't like to laugh. One day, in order to make her laugh, Zhou Youwang ordered the bonfire to be lit for no reason. All the overseers saw the alarm and went out in succession. As a result, they naturally made a trip in vain and were cheated. Nothing happened. In this way, it really made the compliment laugh.
But later, when enemy soldiers invaded, all the princes saw the bonfire and didn't believe it, so no one sent troops to save it. Zhou Youwang couldn't resist the enemy's attack because he couldn't get help from various governors. Not only was he killed, but the Western Zhou Dynasty also perished.
2. According to legend, Xue Pinggui went to the Western Ocean in the Tang Dynasty, and Wang Baochuan stayed in the cold kiln for more than ten years. One day, Wang Baochuan was picking wild vegetables when he heard a swan calling in the air.
Therefore, I request to send a book to Ping Guifulang for me. However, it was difficult to find pen and ink for some time. In desperation, I tore off my skirt, bit my fingertips, wrote a letter of blood and tears, poured out my loyalty to my feelings and my expectation for the reunion of husband and wife, and spread it around, becoming an eternal story. Thus, Hongyan became a reputation as a postal courier.
3. It is reported that in the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Su Wu, an envoy of the Han Dynasty, was sent to Xiongnu and was detained by the heroic and unyielding Khan. Khan exiled him to the no-man's land in Beihai to herd sheep. 19 years later, Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, and the fierce Han Dynasty reconciled and married. The envoys of the Han Dynasty came to Hungary to ask Su Wu to return to China. Khan refused, but he couldn't say it, so he lied that Su Wu was dead.
Later, Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty sent envoys to the Huns, and Chang Hui, the detained deputy envoy who sent envoys to the Huns together with Su Wu, with the help of the jailer, secretly met with the ambassador of the Han Dynasty one night, told the ambassador of the Han Dynasty about Su Wu, and came up with a plan to let the ambassador of the Han Dynasty tell Khan: "When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was hunting in Shanglinyuan, he killed a wild goose, and a letter written in silk was tied to the goose's foot, which said that Su Wu did not. Han was very happy after hearing this, so he blamed Khan according to Chang Hui's words. Khan was surprised after hearing this, but he couldn't deny it, so he had to let Su Wu go back.
Extended data
The ancient ways of communication are as follows
1. Bamboo letters are made of bamboo sticks in the shape of geese, with letters in the middle, and some are directly engraved with words and patterns on bamboo and wood, which are passed to the target population or by other means. Not only that, when the ancients mailed letters, they also made them into the shape of geese with letters in the middle for mailing.
2. Passing books by flying pigeons is a way of communication between the ancients. These letters are tied to the feet of pigeons and then passed on to those who want to pass them on. In ancient times, communication was inconvenient, and smart people used many advantages such as pigeons flying fast and knowing the direction to domesticate pigeons and improve the speed of delivering letters.
3. The post station is the place where the officials who transmitted military information boarded the bus and changed horses on the way in ancient times. The frontier forces transmit information and are in charge of the ancient customs, navy and navy. Post-station signaling is an early organized communication mode.
4. Beacon is an important means of military communication in ancient frontier defense, and the lighting of bonfire indicates the emergence of national war. Beacon towers built on the border in ancient times usually put dry wood on the stage, and when there is an enemy situation, they will ignite and give an alarm-quickly transmit information through bonfires between the peaks.
Kites played an important role as an emergency communication tool in ancient times. The original kites were made for military needs, mainly for military reconnaissance or transmission.
6. Lighthouses originated from signal lighthouses in ancient Egypt. The earliest lighthouse in the world was built in the 7th century BC, located at Baba Point in the Daniil Strait, standing like a huge bell tower. At that time, people burned firewood in the lighthouse and used its fire to guide the course.
In 280 BC, the ancient Egyptians, under the orders of King Ptolemy II Filadelf, built a lighthouse on fallows Island opposite Alexandria, Egypt, which was 85 meters high and burned wood day and night, with flames and smoke columns as navigation signs. Faros Lighthouse, known as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, was destroyed by the earthquake in 1302. At the beginning of the 9th century, the French built a lighthouse in Douang Reef, the surgical site at the mouth of the gironde River, which has been rebuilt twice. The existing lighthouse was built in 16 1 1.
7, signal flag, the ship has used signal flag communication for more than 400 years. The advantage of banner communication is very simple. Therefore, even today when modern communication technology is quite developed, this simple communication mode is still preserved and becomes an important way of short-distance communication.
In sign communication, signal signs can be used alone or in combination to express different meanings. Usually hanging a flag indicates the most urgent, important or commonly used content. For example, the A-flag is hoisted, which means "There are divers under my boat, please stay away from my boat slowly"; Hang the O-flag, which means "someone falls into the water"; Hanging the W flag means "my ship needs medical assistance" and so on.
Baidu encyclopedia-ancient communication
4. Spreading Stories in Ancient Times China was one of the first countries in the world to establish an organized information dissemination system. As early as 3000 years ago, there were records of information transmission in Shang Dynasty. Post-horse relay is an early organized mode of communication. The "Postman" sculpture is located in Jiayuguan Railway Station Square, based on the mural tomb of Wei and Jin Dynasties in Jiayuguan. With a simple document in his hand, the postman galloped at high speed on all fours. This brick mural was taken as the theme of a small stamp by the First Congress of the All-China Philatelic Federation 1982, which shows that Jiayuguan is one of the cradles of information culture in China.
A whole set of evacuation system was formed in Qin and Han Dynasties. Especially in the Han Dynasty, the documents delivered were graded, and the documents of different grades should be delivered by special personnel and special horses in accordance with the prescribed order and time. Sending and receiving these documents must be registered and marked with time to show responsibility.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the cause of evacuation developed unprecedentedly. The official postal transport line in the Tang Dynasty centered on Chang 'an, the capital city, radiating in all directions and reaching the frontier, with a post station about 30 miles away. According to the Six Codes of the Great Tang Dynasty, at its peak, there were 1 639 post stations in China, with more than 20,000 people specializing in postal services, including 1.7 million post soldiers. The post is divided into three types: land post, water post and waterway merger. Each station is equipped with a station house, a post horse, a post donkey, a post boat and a post yard.
In the Tang Dynasty, there were also explicit provisions on the itinerary of the post station. Lu Yi's trotters walk six posts a day, that is, 180 Li, and then there are about 300 Aliri, and the fastest requirement is 500 Aliri. Pedestrians travel 50 miles a day; Sailing against the current, the river is forty miles, the river is fifty miles, and the other six miles; When it is good, specify 100 to 150 miles. The poet Cen Can wrote in the poem "A Judge on the Road to Longshan" that "after a post, the post rides like a Milky Way; Pingming sent Xianyang, the curtain and the top of the mountain. " Here, he compares the post horse to a meteor. On November 9th, 14th year of Tianbao, An Lushan rebelled in Fanyang. At that time, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was in Huaqing Palace, three thousand miles apart. Within six days, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty learned the news, and the speed of communication reached 500 miles per day. It can be seen that the organization and speed of postal communication in Tang Dynasty reached a high level.
In the Song Dynasty, all official documents and letters were called "delivery", and "express delivery shop" appeared. There is a bronze bell tied to the collar of the riding whistle in a hurry. Running on the road, ringing the bell during the day and lighting a fire at night, the person killed is not responsible. Shopping for horses, shopping for people, rain or shine, day and night. In the early years of Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, an anti-gold general, was forcibly recalled to Lin 'an from the front with 12 gold medals by Song Gaozong. This kind of gold medal is a gold plate sent by express delivery, indicating urgency.
There is also a common flying pigeon to pass books! During the war, the army told the friendly troops that the enemy had attacked.
5. The ancient letter calendar (former 1840) 1 examines the poems or stories that the ancients hoped for letters from relatives and friends: there were many ways for the ancients to transmit information, such as flying pigeons passing books, using bonfires, using fast horses, etc. This is a story about a bonfire.
To a great extent, the occurrence of this story was the fuse of the destruction of the Western Zhou Dynasty by Dog Rong, and praise became synonymous with disaster.
After Zhou Xuanwang's death, his son Jigong Nie acceded to the throne, namely Zhou Youwang. Zhou Youwang doesn't care about any national affairs, only knows to eat, drink and be merry, and sends people everywhere to look for beautiful women. There was a minister named Zhen Bao (b ā oxiang), who advised you to swim the king. Zhou Youwang not only refused to listen, but put Bao Zheng in prison.
Bao Jun was imprisoned for three years. Zanjia people try their best to save Zan. They bought a beautiful girl in the country, taught her to sing and dance, dressed her and gave her to the reclusive king to compensate for her praise. This girl is the apple of her family's eye. Her name is Li.
Wang You was so happy when he got the compliment that he said it. He likes Zan very much, but Zan has been unhappy since he entered the palace, and has never smiled once. Wang You tried to make her laugh, but she couldn't.
Zhou Youwang offered a reward: anyone who can make the princess smile will get a reward of 1200 gold coins.
There is an apple polisher named Master Guo Gu who has an idea about Zhou Youwang. It turned out that in order to guard against dog attacks, the Zhou Dynasty built more than 20 beacon towers in Lishan (now southeast of Lintong, Li Yin, Shaanxi Province), and there was one every few miles. If the dog barks, the soldiers who guard the first level will burn a bonfire; The soldiers in the second level saw the fireworks and burned the bonfire. In this way, bonfires burned one after another. When the nearby governors saw it, they would send troops to save it. Guo Shifu said to Zhou Youwang, "Now the world is peaceful, and the beacon tower has not been used for a long time. I'd like to invite your majesty and queen to visit Mount Li for a few days. In the evening, let's light a bonfire and show it to the nearby governors. This will be a big trick. The empress will laugh when she sees these many military forces. "
Zhou Youwang clapped his hands and said, "Great, let's do it!"
They climbed Mount Li and really lit the bonfire on Mount Li. The neighboring princes got this alarm and thought it was a dog barking, so they quickly led their troops to rescue them. Unexpectedly, when we got there, there was not even the shadow of a dog soldier, only the music and songs in the mountains, and everyone was shocked.
Wang You sent someone to tell them that it was difficult for everyone. There is nothing here, just the king and princess setting off fireworks. you
Let's go home!
Knowing that he had been cheated, Zhuang Ke suppressed his anger and went back.
I don't know what they're doing, but I saw some horses coming at the foot of Mount Li, so I asked you what's going on. Wang You told her in detail. The compliment really smiled.
When you saw the smiling face of praise, the king gave Guo Shifu 1200 gold coins.
Wang You loved praise. Later, he simply abolished the queen and the prince, made praise the queen, and made the son of praise the prince. It turned out that the queen's father was a vassal of the state of Shen. When he got the news, he linked the dogs to attack Haojing.
When Wang You heard the news of the dog attack, he panicked and quickly ordered the bonfire of Lishan Mountain to be lit. The bonfire did burn, but the governors ignored them because they were cheated last time.
The beacon tower braved the smoke during the day and lit candles at night, but no reinforcements arrived.
When the dog soldiers arrived, there were not many soldiers and horses in Haojing, and they barely resisted for a while, so they were beaten out of the water by the dog soldiers. Dog troops flooded into the city, killing Zhou Youwang, Guo Shifu and Fu Bo, who was born in Baosi. The compliment that didn't laugh was also taken away.
At this time, the princes realized that Dog Rong had really entered the Haojiang River, so they joined forces and took a large group of people to rescue them. Seeing the arrival of the warlord's army, the dog army leader ordered his men to plunder the precious property accumulated in the Zhou Dynasty for many years and set fire to it before retreating.
The central plains governors beat off the dog Rong and made the original Prince Ji Yijiu the son of heaven, that is, Zhou Pingwang. The vassals also returned to their fiefs.
Unexpectedly, when the governors left, Dog Rong called again, and most of the land in the west of Zhou Dynasty was occupied by Dog Rong. King Ping was afraid of losing his capital and made up his mind to move to Luoyi.
In 770 BC, Zhou Pingwang moved the capital to Luoyi. Because Haojing is in the west and Luoyi is in the east, the Z period of Zhou Dynasty with Haojing as its capital is called the Western Zhou Dynasty. After moving the capital to Luoyi, it was called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
References:
Huaxia culture network