I have done some research on the word Loushanguan. At first, I thought it was written in one day. Then I thought it was wrong. I wrote it twice, the first time and the second time. I once expressed my opinion at the Guangzhou Forum on Literature and Art [2], advocating the latter (writing twice) and denying the former (writing for one day), but I was wrong. This is what author [3] told me. After the Zunyi meeting of the Party in January 1935, the Red Army fought Loushanguan for the first time and won. In an attempt to cross the south of Sichuan, cross the river in the north, enter western Sichuan, take Chengdu directly, destroy Liuxiang [5], and establish a base area in western Sichuan. However, contrary to expectations, it was fiercely resisted by the Sichuan army. The Red Army went all the way from Loushanguan to the west, passed through Gu Lin and Gu Song counties, and reached a place at the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces, known as "the three provinces of Ji Ming". Suddenly encountered strong resistance from Yunnan army, unable to move forward. The Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a meeting and immediately decided to counterattack Zunyi along the original road. By surprise, he answered blows with blows. This was in February of that year. We set off with the moon in the early morning and arrived at Loushanguan at two or three o'clock in the afternoon. We conquered and destroyed an enemy division in World War I, and it was almost dusk at that time. Catch up, fight Zunyi at night, and destroy another enemy division. This campaign wiped out two enemy divisions and regained Zunyi. The words were written later. I walked 100 miles that day, commanding the battle. How can you have time and energy to hum Ci? There are many provinces in the south. It doesn't snow in winter, or it doesn't snow for many years, only frost. There are wild geese in the sky, and it is not very cold at dawn, just like the late autumn in the north and the provinces in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. The author thinks that the phrase "Cangshan is like the sea, and the sunset is like blood" is an observation of the scenery accumulated in the war for many years. When I arrived at Loushanguan, the victory of the war and the sudden encounter of natural scenery made the author feel that these two sentences were quite successful. From this perspective, what I said at the Guangzhou symposium was actually wrong. It can be seen that the interpretation of poetry is difficult.
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To annotate ...
[1] 1962, People's Literature was going to publish six poems by Mao Zedong in the May issue, and Guo Moruo wrote the article "Reading Six Poems by Chairman Mao" on May 1 day. On May 9th, Guo Moruo sent the proof of this article to Mao Zedong for revision. After reading this article, Mao Zedong deleted all the paragraphs about the writing background of Qin Yi's View of Mount Emei and rewrote the text of this article.
[2] refers to the poetry symposium held in Guangzhou in early February 1962.
[3] refers to Mao Zedong.
[4] There was a saying in the past that the Zunyi Conference was held on January 9, 1935. Later, through textual research, it was confirmed that Zunyi Conference was held from 1935 1 month 15 to 17. Therefore, the first time the Central Red Army fought Loushanguan was before the Zunyi Meeting, not after it.
[5] Liu Xiang (1888- 1938), a native of Dayi, Sichuan. 1933 served as commander-in-chief of the "anti-bandits" headquarters of the Kuomintang army in Sichuan, and 1934 served as chairman of the Kuomintang Sichuan provincial government.