Second, from the aspect of topic:
Poetry is free to choose a topic, and words must have a epigraph name
Third, from the aspect of the relationship with music:
In ancient times, those who are unhappy were called poems, while those who are happy were called songs, and in modern times, they are collectively called poems. But poetry finally separated from music, and after separating from music, it became mature and prosperous. However, Ci originated in the soil of music, and musicality is the most basic feature of Ci-style literature. Even in the Southern Song Dynasty, after Ci no longer completely entered into music singing and became a new rhythmic poem, it still had to be filled in according to the rhythm and tune stipulated in the Ci-poetry.
Fourth, from the aspect of form: 1. Different sentence patterns:
Poems can be divided into metrical poems and quatrains, seven words and five words, and the metrical verse style is uniform, and the length of ancient poems is arbitrary. For example, Liu Zongyuan's The Fisherman is a seven-character poem:
an old fisherman spent the night here, under the western cliff, he dipped up pure water and made a bamboo fire. The sun came out of the clouds and clouds disappeared, and the voice of the oars came from the green mountains and waters. Looking back to the fishing boat has been drifting down the horizon, the white clouds are floating in the mountains, chasing each other.
Wang Wei's Farewell is a five-character poem; I dismount from my horse and I offer you wine, and I ask you where you are going and why. You say because life is not proud, go back to live in the mount zhongnan mountain. So give me leave and ask me no questions and white clouds pass there without end's
words can be roughly divided into Xiao Ling (less than 58 words), Zhong Diao (59-9 words) and Long Diao (more than 91 words, with the longest word reaching 24 words). A word, some with only one paragraph, is called monotony; Some are divided into two sections, called double tones; Some are divided into three or four sections, which are called triple or quadruple. And words have epigrams, words have a fixed format under each epigram name, and several words in each sentence have requirements.
for example, the format of a epigraph in Nan Gezi is: (for example, Wen Tingyun)
even and flat, even and flat, even and flat, even and flat. Golden parrot in hand. Embroidered phoenix on the chest. Steal an eye and make a dark appearance. It's better to marry and. Be a mandarin duck.
the epigraph format of "Rumengling" (for example, Li Qingzhao)
It's even and flat, even and flat. It's flat, flat and flat. Flat, flat (overlapping sentence), flat and flat.
I often remember the sunset in the Xiting, and I don't know where to go when I am drunk. Always play to the fun to return, but lost to the fengzhu pool in the depths of the pool. How to draw a boat out, not careful, but startled a group of Oulu.
2. The rhyme rules of poems are also different:
Metric poems only use flat rhyme, rhyme to the end, rhyme every other sentence, and the first sentence can be suppressed or not;
The words are flat and smooth, and the rhyme can be changed in the middle. The rhyme foot is not clear, but it is stipulated by the meter.
3. The antithesis rules of poems are also very different:
The second and third couplets of metrical poems must be antithetical, but the antithesis of words is much more flexible and there is no unified requirement. These two points can be seen from the above example. From the aspect of subject matter content: "poetry expresses ambition" (writing more about family and country, ups and downs of life); "Words and feelings" (mostly about romance and love between men and women). Poetry focuses on political themes, with the rise and fall of the country, the sufferings of people's livelihood, ambition and the ups and downs of the official career as the main contents, and mainly expresses the feelings of social groups, such as Tan Sitong's poem "The Wall in Prison". Go and stay in the two Kunlun mountains ";
A notable feature of Ci's theme content is that it mainly describes the love between men and women and the parting of lovesickness, and mostly expresses the author's personal feelings. Ci can be generally classified into graceful and unconstrained schools. Graceful and restrained ci, its style is elegant, graceful and full of music; Like Liu Yong's "Where do you wake up tonight?" Yang Liuan, Xiaofeng Canyue "; Yan Shu's "helpless flowers fall, and I have met Yan's return"; Yan Jidao's famous sentences, such as "Dancing low in the heart of the willow building and singing at the bottom of the peach blossom fan", are lyrical masterpieces with a blend of scenes and scenes, which have artistic merits. Bold ci began with Su Shi. He helped the ci poetry out of the world of entertaining the guests and developing it into an independent lyric art. Scenery of mountains and rivers, scenery of farmhouses, carefree travel and ambition to serve the country all became the theme of Ci in his hands, which made Ci move from flowers to moonlight to a broad social life.
Fifth, from the aspect of language characteristics:
From the aspect of language, the language of poetry tends to be natural and fresh, and the language of words tends to be exquisite and gorgeous. Poetry is a typical language art, while ci is a typical exquisite language art. Because the theme of Ci is mostly related to women, the language of Ci is also feminine, soft and fragrant.
Sixth, from the aspects of style and artistic conception:
Poetry is charming. The emotional expression of poetry tends to be solemn; The emotional expression of words tends to be charming. The emotional expression of "poetry reveals words and conceals words" tends to be explicit and clear; The emotional expression of words tends to be implicit. "Poetry is rigid and words are soft": the emotional expression of poetry tends to be vigorous and bright, while the emotional expression of words tends to be soft and delicate. "Poetry has a vast territory, but words are long". The realm of poetry is open, but the realm of words is narrow and deep. For example:
Tang poetry: (Liu Yuxi's Autumn Ci)
Since ancient times, autumn has been sad and lonely, and I say autumn is better than spring tide. Wan liqing empty, a crane lingyun fly, caused my muse to the blue sky.
The poet's lofty sentiments and aspirations are expressed in the crane with its wings flapping high, and the clouds are straight up in the clear autumn sky.