At the age of 20, he married Tang Wan. They were very close, but they were forcibly separated by their mother. This kind of emotional pain lasts for a lifetime, and masterpieces such as "Hairpin Phoenix" and "Shenyuan" are all for this. At the age of 29, he went to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, and won the first place in the exam. Because he lived before Qin Gui's grandson, and because he didn't forget the national humiliation, he was deleted from the list at the second interview. After Qin Gui's death, Xiaozong acceded to the throne, hawks were taken seriously, and Lu Youfang was put into use. However, due to Zhang Jun's failure to send troops to the Northern Expedition, Lu You was accused of "clamoring for right and wrong and urging Zhang Jun to fight" and was ousted and returned to his hometown. Later, he applied for a job many times, and after five years in the main road (1 169), Kuizhou (now Fengjie, Sichuan) was sentenced to a small official. Wang Yan, the main battle general of Sichuan for eight years, was hired to take charge of military affairs. Soon, the Song court recalled Wang Yan and immediately dismissed him, and Lu You was also appointed as the Senate of the appeasement department of Chengdu Prefecture. His hope of recovering the Central Plains was dashed. Since then, Lu You has worked as an agent, judge and magistrate in Zhou Shu, Jiazhou and Yeongju. In the second year (1 175), Lu you was invited to be a senator from central Sichuan, Fan Chengda Town.
In the spring of five years, Lu You's poems became more and more famous, but they were summoned by Xiaozong, but they were not reused. Xiaozong sent him to Fuzhou and Jiangxi to do two official duties of selling Changping tea and salt. When he was working in Jiangxi, there was a flood there. He was invited to open a warehouse for relief, but he was dismissed from his post and returned to his hometown on charges of "ultra vires". After living in my hometown for 6 years, Lu You is also known as Yanzhou (now Jiande, Zhejiang). He was ordered to go to Beijing and wrote the famous seven laws "The Beginning of Spring Rain in Lin 'an". In fifteen years, Lu You was called to Lin 'an as a young military attache. The following year, Guangzong ascended the throne and was appointed as a doctor of the DPRK. So he even wrote a letter advising the court to forge ahead and reduce taxes. As a result, he was impeached and dismissed from office again on charges of "mocking romantics". Since then, Lu You has lived in seclusion in the countryside for a long time, accounting for 12 years, and spent his old age in a quiet and poor life. During this period, Lu You wrote "South Garden Story" for Han Biaozhou at his request, hoping that he would "work hard for the king". In the second year of Jiatai (1202), due to the incomplete records of Xiaozong and Guangzong dynasties, Lu You was called to write in North Korea, and resigned in the following year and returned to his hometown. Since then, there have been many poems and works, but his health has been declining year by year. On December 29th, the second year of Jiading, an 85-year-old poet passed away with regret that he could not recover his motherland.
There are more than 9,300 poems written by Lu You. His poems can be roughly divided into three periods: the first period is from youth to middle age (46 years old) before entering Shu. This period is the longest (about 30 years), but there are at least about 200 poems in the collection, which is the result of his deleting all the works that were "but eager to paint" in his early years. The second period was after he entered Shu, he abdicated at the age of 64 and returned to the East. After nearly 20 years, more than 2,400 poems have been preserved. This period is the mature period of his poetry creation, which established his position as a literary school. The third period was a long-term seclusion in his hometown of Yin Shan until his death, also for 20 years, with nearly 6,500 existing poems. Poetry in this period is the most, because it was deleted in later years. Poetry is characterized by an idyllic flavor, revealing desolate life feelings from time to time. In the poems of this period, there are also simple and practical creative styles. In Lu You's poems in three periods, there is always a fervent patriotic feeling. This is especially obvious after entering Shu in middle age. It is not only outstanding among contemporary poets, but also rare in the history of China literature. In his poem Five Words Are Restored, resisting enemies and threats has always been the ideological theme that can arouse his creative passion. Lu You's "One Heart Dan" has never been given the opportunity to serve the country, and he can't help but feel depressed and indignant, which is also reflected in the passionate tone of his poems. For example, the book Anger, Guan Shanyue's trip to Jin Cuodao, the feeling of walking out of the hedge door at dawn on autumn night, and so on. What is particularly touching is that Lu You did not forget to recover his country on the eve of his death. He wrote in the famous poem Xiuzi: "I didn't know everything was empty until I died, but I looked at Kyushu sadly." Julian Waghann set the Central Plains Day in the north, and the family did not forget to tell Nai Weng about it. "This kind of poetry can best reflect the creative spirit of Lu You. At the same time, Lu You angrily condemned the corrupt and incompetent ruling authorities and denounced those bureaucrats who were not sympathetic to the national crisis and only knew luxury and enjoyment. Such as Feeling Angry, Reading Fan Zhineng at Night and Remembering the Past. In his poems, Lu You also showed deep concern for the people oppressed by the nation and class. And have unusual sympathy for those who are forced to resist. In his poems, such as "Two Poems" and "A Short Pen for a Short Chapter", his view on "thief" has broken through the views of ordinary scribes. " It was valuable under the historical conditions at that time that officials were good or bad, and thieves were the whole people.
In a word, worrying about the country, loving the people and fighting to the death are the biggest characteristics of Lu's poems, which is also the reason why his poems can be told through the ages. In addition, Lu You also wrote many poems with unique styles. These poems either express life feelings or describe mountains and rivers, showing a natural, smooth, fresh and elegant style; There are also some works that combine poetry and philosophy artistically. For example, "Traveling to Shanxi Village": "There is no doubt about mountains and rivers, and there is another village."
Lu You's poems can be said to have both styles, no matter they are classical, metrical and quatrains, they all have excellent works, among which seven verses are well written. For example, "Jiang Sheng is full of heroic hatred and selfless providence" ("Huangzhou"); "Wan Li Guanhe lonely pillow dream, five more storms and four mountains and autumn" ("pillow work"); "Moonlight is half a window, and autumn trees are in the middle" ("On the pillow") and so on. These famous sayings, either magnificent or picturesque, are both steady and vivid. Apart from the seven laws, his achievements in poetry creation should be regarded as quatrains, such as Xiuer, Jianmen Road Encountered with Light Rain, Feeling of Going out to Fenmen to Meet the Cold in Autumn Night, Chuncheng, Sleeping in a Boat in Extremely Cold Rain and so on. , are worthy of quatrains.
Although Lu You's poems present colorful styles, from the general creative tendency, they are mainly realistic. He inherited the fine tradition of Qu Yuan and other previous generations of poets to care about the country and the people, and made outstanding achievements based on his own era. Therefore, some people compare him with Du Fu and call him "the history of poetry".
Lu's poems have made great achievements in both thought and art, but there are also some shortcomings. Although "empty, clear as words", sometimes it is inevitable that the momentum is greater than the connotation. Another obvious disadvantage is that the meaning and syntax of words are repetitive, especially in later years.
Lu You's ci creation is not only to write poems, but also to write ci. Because he doesn't pay much attention to this poetic style, there are not many words, only 130 * *. His words are also diverse in style and have their own characteristics. There are many beautiful and lingering words, which are close to the graceful school in Song Ci, such as the famous "Hairpin Phoenix". In this poem, he poured out his tortuous and deep love affair with his ex-wife Tang, who was forcibly separated by feudal forces: "Red crisp hands, Huang? Wine, spring willows in the city. The east wind is evil, and the feelings are thin. A sad mood, a cable that I haven't seen for years. No, no, no! " However, some words often express deep feelings about life, or express superb mind, such as "divination operator", "broken bridge outside the post station", "double-headed lotus flower" and "stars on the temple". , or desolate far-reaching, or profound meaning, similar to Su Shi. However, what best reflects Lu You's life experience and personality characteristics are his impassioned and patriotic poems, such as [Han Gongchun], [Xie Chichun], "Joining the Army at a Strong Age", "Looking for Hou in Wan Li", [Visiting the Palace Que at Night] and "Snow in the Morning". This kind of words is close to Xin Qiji.
Lu You, an essayist, has also written many essays, which are quite accomplished. Among them, memorizing inscriptions, prefaces and postscripts, or recounting life experiences, or expressing thoughts and feelings, or writing poems, can best reflect the achievements of Lu You's prose, and at the same time, as in poems, it shows patriotic feelings from time to time, such as Collection of Zhen Tang in Beijing, Collection of Tong Hugh, Shu Weiqiao's Family, and Preface to Fugushi's Westernization. Other articles, such as "Preface to the Poems of Lianzhai Jushi", show Lu You's outstanding literary view. Lu You also has some unique essays, such as Smoke Boat, Book Nest and Living Room. Elegant and meaningful, quite like a sentimental essay. The six-volume book A Passage to Shu is concise and vivid. It is not only a fascinating travel note, but also a golden rule for investigating historical sites and geographical evolution. As for his Notes on Old Xuegong, it is an essay. Although the pen and ink are simple and rich in content, the notes are mostly anecdotes and have great historical value. Among them, the theory of poetry (such as "seeking the source of Du Fu in Ming Dynasty" when criticizing) is also outstanding.
Status and this episode Lu You is a rich and talented writer. Especially in poetry creation, the achievements are particularly outstanding. It is generally acknowledged that he is taller than Yu Mao, Fan Chengda and Yang Wanli who were called with him at that time. Generally speaking, especially from the perspective of reflecting the depth and breadth of the times, Lu You was indeed the most outstanding poet in the Song Dynasty.
Lu You's works, according to the Complete Works of Lu Fangweng in Jiguge Engraving, include 85 volumes of Poems from Nanbo, 50 volumes of Collected Works from Weinan (including 2 volumes of Ci, 6 volumes of Entering Shu), 2 volumes of Fang Weng's Legacy, the Book of the South Tang Dynasty 18, and Notes on Lao 'an Studies. There are other books, such as "Family Instructions of Shi Weng" (in the series "I don't know if it is enough") and "Old Home News". In 1976, Zhonghua Book Company printed five volumes of Lu, with the Collected Works of Lu Youyi by Kong. On 1985, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House published Qian Zhonglian's Collation of Jian Nan's Poems.