Academic goal
1. Appreciate the language art of describing music with figurative images.
2, know how to use the environment to render the atmosphere, contrast the thoughts and feelings of the characters.
3. Understand the miserable life experience of Pipa girls in feudal society and the dark reality of the poet's frustrated exile.
Teaching focus
1, master the author's superb skills of describing sounds with metaphors.
2. Guide students to interpret the thoughts and feelings of the works from the analysis of the life and fate of the characters and grasp the artistic conception.
Recite the second paragraph of this poem.
Teaching difficulties
Understand the author's description of music and how to integrate the emotional appeal of music with the feelings of players and listeners.
Course arrangement: three class hours
Teaching process:
first kind
First of all, understand the relevant literary knowledge and background.
1, author's brief introduction, added by the teacher.
Bai Juyi, whose name is Lotte, was named a Buddhist in Xiangshan in his later years. A great realistic poet in the middle Tang Dynasty. When I was young, my family was poor, and I had more contact and understanding of social life and people's sufferings. I studied so hard at school that my tongue got sore. When a teenager became a poem, he wrote farewell to ancient grass (the vast grass crossed the plain and came and went with the four seasons). Wildfire can't burn it out, but the spring breeze can revive it. Weeds and wild flowers are all over the ancient road, and the end of the grass in the sun is your journey. I once again sent my bosom friend, and the thick grass represented my deep affection. I am deeply grateful for visiting the great poet Gu Kuang in Beijing. Twenty-nine-year-old Jinshi, official to Hanlin bachelor, Zuo Shizhong, minister of punishments. Bai Juyi was an advocate of the New Yuefu Movement in the Tang Dynasty, advocating that "articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written". He wrote many poems that exposed the darkness of reality and reflected the sufferings of working people, which were called "allegorical poems". Bai Juyi's poems are easy to understand. They all say that "Bai Fushi, the old lady knows". Living in the mid-Tang period from prosperity to decline. When I was young, I wandered around because of the war, and I had more contact and understanding of social life and people's sufferings. He has the ideal and belief of "saving the world" and "pleading for the people", and has repeatedly written articles criticizing the current abuses. He created "satirical poems" represented by "New Yuefu" and "Qin Zhongyin", which reflected the painful life of the working people and exposed the decay and evil of the ruling class. Narrative poems include Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow. He actively advocated the New Yuefu Movement, advocated that "articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written for things", emphasized and inherited the fine tradition of realism in China's classical poems, and opposed "playing tricks on the wind". His works have profound practical significance.
2. Introduce the writing background.
After Bai Juyi took the post of left gleaning, he was changed to Prince Zuo Zanshan at the age of 43 because he offended bureaucrats and emperors. The following year, because he wrote to the emperor and was eager to speak, he was accused of playing things beyond his authority. First demoted Jiangzhou secretariat, then demoted Jiangzhou Sima, and the following autumn wrote Pipa Xing. It is through the experience of the pipa girl that the poet expressed his misfortune of being reduced to the end of the world.
This article belongs to Yuefu poetry. Introduction to Yuefu: Yuefu was originally established by Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, as an institution in charge of music. Its task is to formulate music scores, collect lyrics and train musicians, and hold sacrifices, banquets or other ceremonies for the court. In addition, another task is to collect folk songs for the ruling class to "observe customs". Later, its meaning changed, referring to a kind of Yuefu poetry, that is, "Yuefu Poetry", which is called Yuefu for short. Yuefu poetry has two meanings: in a narrow sense, it refers to the poems that entered music after the Han Dynasty, including those created by literati and those collected from the people; Broadly speaking, it includes copying the old Yuefu poems without entering the music, or imitating the lyrics and works of Yuefu poetry genre. This poem belongs to the latter.
4. About songs, lines and quotations:
Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow are three forms of ancient songs, which later became a genre of ancient poetry. Generally speaking, its syllables and meter are relatively free, and its musical form adopts the ancient style of five words, seven words and miscellaneous words, also called "Gexing", which originated from the Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties and is one of the famous Yuefu songs. The length is long, the sentence pattern is flexible, flat and informal, the rhyme is changeable, and the rhyme can be changed many times.
Second, guide reading aloud.
1, pay attention to pronunciation
Zheng (zhēng), (mǐ ng), Migration (xǐ), Xunyang (xún), Maple Leaf (fēng), Serra (sè), Yinsi (sü), Niǐ n, Dress (nícháng) and Autumn Moon White.
2. Listen to music and read aloud
Step 3 read for free
Third, dredge the small order and accumulate words (read notes, consult reference books and communicate the meanings of the following words with classmates)
In the second year-(the second year), the old style faded away-(female face) ordered wine-(banquet) played a few songs quickly-(carefree) felt the people's words-(moved) because of long sentences-(so I wrote) songs to them-(composing) every 61.
Homework: Read aloud and translate the preface.
Second lesson
First, grasp the content structure of the text.
The whole poem is divided into five paragraphs in chronological order:
(1) Jiangtou Fujian Wenpipa
(2) Listening to pipa music on the river: (Inviting singers; Play famous songs; Listener intoxicated)
(3) The singer confides his bitter life experience: (Young people are happy; Desolate in old age; Sad mood)
(d) The same disease, the same injury, leaving.
(5) Re-smell wet pipa blue.
Secondly, discuss the details.
1. Which characters are created by narration?
Qing: Pipa girl and poet herself.
2. What two poems did the poet use to connect these two images? Neither of us is happy-at the end of the day, we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? )
Why does the poet sigh like this? What is the common fate and experience of Bai Juyi and Pipa Girl? What is the specific situation of "falling"? Try to make a concrete comparison (guide students to summarize their answers with the original poems, read related poems together, and feel the feeling of being "restored")
(1) read the preface and related parts of the third section to understand the life experience, experience and mood of the pipa girl.
At that time: Yan built a house, art overwhelmed capital, people were jealous and laughed every year; (Excellent in color and art, high in skill and beautiful in appearance, young in youth, smiling like a flower)
Now: in my later years, I was left out in front of the door, committed to a businessman, and I was alone. (Wandering, haggard, left out)
Beijing advocates the disgust of business women.
② Understand the poet's experience and mood with the help of notes, preface, the first and fourth sections.
At that time: poetry and wine lingered, silk and bamboo were inexhaustible, and weddings and funerals were enjoyable; Beijing is an official, a senior official, a senior official and a well-known official. )
Now: I am sick in seclusion, I have no joy in drinking, I am miserable in seeing my guests off, and I feel sad. (exile in Jiujiang, desolate and lonely)
Jing Kuan was expelled to official hatred.
(3) "We met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " What brings a complete stranger, a poet who meets by chance, and a pipa girl together?
Qing: Music (pipa sound).
Supplement: lonely empty boat, complaining by music; A Fujian Jiangtou, who has wine but no music. One is good at playing, the other is good at listening (writing), and has interpreted a bosom friend story that has been told through the ages. This is just like the couplet of Xunyanglou said:
Four strings of maple leaves fall in autumn, and chéng touches the sky and hates it;
Xunyang thousands of feet water, every sentence (G not u, hook) stay in the river and stay in love.
There is a scenic spot in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province-Baijuyi Temple, which is a famous couplet. When Bai Juyi left Jiujiang, the people of Jiujiang showed great affection for him. He stayed and stayed, and the thousands of feet water set off the deep feelings of parting.
3. Who knows the sound of pipa?
[Question] After reading this poem, I'm afraid we are more sympathetic to the fate of the pipa girl. Indeed, the fate of the pipa girl makes the world sigh. However, can we capture the trajectory of the emotional and life changes of pipa girls from the ups and downs of pipa tunes?
[Clarity] The whole piece can be divided into four movements.
The first movement is "Prelude": ... She turned the tuning pin, tested several strings, and even before she played, we could feel her feelings. Every string is a kind of meditation, and every note is a kind of deep thinking, as if she were telling us the pain of her life. She frowned, bent her fingers, and then began to play music, letting her heart share everything with us bit by bit. "Xunyang river, the wind is cold in Leng Yue, pipa woman sitting alone in an empty boat, lonely and desolate. So the melody is low and depressing when playing.
The sharp contrast of life naturally evoked her deep memories of past lives, so music entered.
The second movement "Ode to Joy": "She brushes the strings, twists them slowly, sweeps them and plucks them, before" Nishang "and" Liu Yao ". Big strings hum like rain, and small strings whisper like secrets. Humming and whispering-and then mixing them together is like pouring pearls, big and small, into a plate of jade. " At this time, the crisp and pleasant timbre of the pipa is mixed with ups and downs and lively movements, singing the fiery youth of the pipa girl. When she was young, she was very famous in Beijing. "Young aristocrats in Wuling competed for fame, and there were countless HongLing songs". The honor of success and drunken singing constitute the whole of her life. Why didn't she remember all this, so the melody became crisp, round and light. And "like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade" is more like talking and laughing in the past, which makes people unforgettable.
However, the good times don't last long, and time is no longer. "Until her brother went to war, and then her aunt died, the night passed, and the night came, and her beauty disappeared." The pipa girl was "old", and her life changed, and the door was cold. Forced to make a living, she "finally married herself to a businessman". Recalling here, why doesn't pipa girl feel deeply grieved? So the melody enters again.
The third movement "Meditation Song": "It is difficult to flow under the ice. The ice spring is cold and astringent, and the strings condense, and the condensation will never stop. Fall into deep sorrow and hidden lament, when silence is better than life. " The melody becomes "cold" and "stiff", and the sound of music "pauses" (because of deep feelings, it gets deeper and deeper, so that it stops). The change of fate made the pipa girl fall into deep thinking at this time. ...
The last movement is
"Mourning for the Past": "A silver vase suddenly burst, and a stream of water gushed out, jumping out of armored horses and weapons, colliding with each other. Before she put down the pick, her stroke was over, and all four strings made a sound, just like tearing silk. " The rising mood of this piece of music is by no means a bright future, but with a vigorous and fast rhythm, it expresses the Pipa girl's sense of injustice and resentment at her fate. Pipa girl's broken heart longs for the comfort of love, but her fickle husband "values profit over separation", which often leaves her empty-handed. This reality made her feel pain and regret, so the sound of music was like "a silver vase suddenly broke a stream of water and jumped out of the conflict and blow between armored horses and weapons". The high-pitched and stirring melody is her angry accusation against the world for valuing talents over profits. With a stroke of a pen, "four strings are uttered in unison, like tearing silk" (a broken silk is also heartbreaking) is an angry cry and a struggle against unfair social reality and fate! It also conforms to the resentment of the poet's innocent demotion.
In short, the poet not only wrote the superb musical skills of the pipa girl, but also expressed the inner ups and downs of the performer through the changes of the music (which is similar to the poet's experience, and the author has a deep understanding), which makes people feel like their voices and feelings. As the poet said, "Her first guitar note made me sigh." The sad tune made all the sad people in the world cry!
4. Who can solve the shirt tear?
[Question] "Men don't flick when they have tears, just because they are not sad yet." Why did the poet Bai Juyi cry in front of an unknown pipa girl?
[Qing] The poet's tears are blue, mainly from two aspects:
(1) Injured Pipa Girl: As the poem says, "Her first guitar sound made me sigh, and I heard this sentence again." The bitter melody of the pipa girl aroused the poet's emotion, and after listening to the bitter life experience of the pipa girl, she aroused the poet's deep pity. (Pipa girl also deeply sympathizes with the poet)
(2) Self-injury: The poet is brilliant and famous all over the world, but now he has been relegated, which is sad; Plus friends, I feel more lonely and unbearable.
They have similar experiences, so they have the same feeling, "We are all unhappy-until the end of time". Hurt people, but also hurt themselves, two kinds of sentimentality merge into one, accumulate precipitation, how can a poet not be full of sadness and not shed tears? This kind of "tears" is not only the poet's sympathy and respect for the oppressed women, but also a complaint to the society at that time.
[Blackboard] Tears on shirts-we are all unhappy-until the end of the sky.
【 Description 】 By asking such questions, students can understand the deep meaning of "tears" and further grasp the thoughts and feelings of the other side of the poem.
5. Who knows the scenery?
[Question] The description of scenery is often indispensable in poetry. Similarly, there are several words describing the scenery in the whole poem. What are the functions of these landscapes?
[Qing] "I am seeing the guests off, and at night on the Xunyang River, maple leaves and rushes rustle in autumn." At the beginning of the article, I described the environment of Fujian in Jiangdong. The river, maple leaves and flowers in autumn night constitute a clear and picturesque artistic conception, which makes people feel the chill of autumn. The song conveys the poet's sad mood and lays the emotional tone for the whole poem.
"If you don't do it, you will be rewarded by the month", telling the scene of not doing it, and the scene is full of affection. The vast rivers and moonlight are permeated with the poet's parting thoughts, as if the poet's mood has melted and he has an induction with the natural scenery.
"And we saw the white autumn moon entering the middle of the river", the quiet environment at the end of writing songs. The music is over, but its feelings are still spreading, infiltrating into the river center illuminated by the autumn moon, as if the river center was also moved by the feelings in the music. Scenes blend together, setting off the musical effect and forming an evocative artistic conception.
In addition, such as "When is the bright moon cold, by the river", writing about the environment when the pipa girl sits alone in an empty boat renders the pipa girl's cold and desolate mood; "A room full of bitter reeds and yellow rushes", the living environment of the poet, rendered the loneliness and sadness of the poet after he was relegated.
In short, a branch and a leaf are always related to love. The scenery in the poem has become an emotional image, superimposed together, making the whole poetic scene of Pipa Journey seem to be immersed in the melancholy moonlight at the head of Xunyang River, which is beautiful and sad.
[Blackboard] Scenery and material meaning-a branch and a leaf are always related to love.
Attached book design:
Pipaxing (Parallel Preface) Bai Juyi
Pipa sound-tell the sadness in your heart
Tears in shirts-we are all unhappy-until the end of the sky.
Scenery and significance-a leaf is always concerned about love.