Introduction to Guan Yu Chapter 1: Introduction to Guan Yu Introduction to Guan Yu Character introduction: Guan Yu (?-220) was originally named Changsheng, but later changed to Yunchang, so he was also called Guan Yunchang. A native of Hedong Jie (now Yuncheng, Shanxi). A famous general in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, when Liu Bei launched his army, Guan Yu followed Liu Bei. He was loyal and deeply trusted by Liu Bei. Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang and others entered Shu, and Guan Yu guarded Jingzhou. After Liu Bei captured Hanzhong, Guan Yu took advantage of the opportunity to attack Cao Wei in the north. He flooded the Seventh Army, captured Yu Jin, killed Pang De, and shocked China. Cao Cao was so scared that he almost moved the capital to avoid it, but Soochow attacked Jingzhou secretly. , Guan Yu was defeated and killed. After Guan Yu's death, he was gradually deified and revered as "Guan Gong" by the people. There were many praises and titles from the courts of the past dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, he was regarded as "the God of Loyalty and Righteousness, Wu Lingyou, Benevolence, Courage and Might, the Great Emperor Guan Sheng", and was revered as the "Martial Saint", along with "Guan Yu". He is as famous as Confucius. "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" honors him as the first of the "Five Tiger Generals", and Mao Zonggang calls him "the most righteous" among the "Three Wonders of the Romance". The life of the character: (1) Flooded seven armies, powerful. In the 24th year of Jian'an in China (219), Liu Bei proclaimed himself the King of Hanzhong and made Guan Yu a former general. In the same year, Guan Yu attacked Fancheng in the north of Jingzhou. Cao Cao sent General Jin to lead seven troops (about 30,000) to rescue him. It rained heavily. As a result, the Han River surged, and the seven armies led by Yu Jin were trapped by the flood. The soldiers fled to higher ground to avoid the water. However, Guan Yu saw the opportunity and took advantage of the situation to attack in a large ship. It was known in history as "the seven armies flooded". General Jin surrendered to Guan Yu because of poverty, and Pang De was captured by Guan Yu. He was beheaded by Guan Yu for not surrendering to Guan Yu. Guan Yu further besieged Cao Jun's general Cao Ren in Fancheng and sent another army to surround Xiangyang.
Hu Xiu, the governor of Jingzhou and Fu Fang, the governor of Nanxiang County, both appointed by Cao Cao, surrendered to Guan Yu. At that time, many rebels in the county under Cao Cao's administration had already been controlled by Guan Yu, and there were many rebellions who wanted to recruit Guan Yu for help, which frightened Cao Cao. He almost moved the capital to avoid Guan Yu's attack. Historical records say: Guan Yu was a powerful figure in China. (2) He followed Liu Bei and was deeply trusted. He fled his hometown to Zhuojun in Youzhou in the first year of Zhongping (184). A volunteer army was formed to participate in the war to annihilate the Yellow Turban Army. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were among them. After Liu Bei held many official positions, he defected to his former classmate Gongsun Zan and was named Pingyuan Prime Minister. Qu. The three of them were like brothers and often slept together in the same bed. When Liu Bei sat down, Guan and Zhang spared no effort to guard him. In the first year of Xingping (194), Cao Cao attacked Tao Qian and wanted to capture Xuzhou. Qian asked Liu Bei for help. Liu Bei and Guan Yu led more than a thousand people to rescue. Cao Cao's soldiers retreated. After repeated concessions by Tao Qian and others, Liu Bei led Xuzhou Mu. In the first year of Jian'an (196), Liu Bei was attacked by Yuan Shu and Lu Bu. After losing Xuzhou, Guan Yu followed Liu Bei to defect to Cao Cao. In the third year of Jian'an (198), Liu Bei and Cao Cao captured Lu Bu in Xiapi and captured Xuzhou. Guan Yu and Liu Bei followed Cao Cao's troops back to Xuchang. Introduction to Guan Gong. Che Zhou was the governor of Xuzhou. Later, Yuan Shu went north to defect to Yuan Shao. Liu Bei was ordered by Cao Cao to intercept Yuan Shu in Xuzhou. Liu Bei took the opportunity to attack Che Zhou and ordered Guan Yu to guard Xiapi and lead Xuzhou. (3) Liu Bei returned to Xiaopei to kill Yan Liang. In the fifth year of Jian'an (200), Cao Cao attacked Liu Bei. Guan Yu was defeated and captured alive. He had no choice but to surrender. Cao Cao treated him generously and appointed him as a partial general.
Later Yuan Shao general Yan Liang, Chun Yuqiong, Guo Tu and others. Liu Yan, the prefect of Dongjun, attacked Baima. Cao Cao personally led his troops to rescue him and ordered Zhang Liao and Guan Yu to be the vanguard. Guan Yu saw Yan Liang's men and charged forward, killing Yan Liang among the thousands of troops. He then returned with his leader. Unable to stop him, the siege of the White Horse was lifted, and Guan Yu was granted the title of Hou Tinghou of the Han Dynasty. Although the record of "Beheading Yanliang" in "Three Kingdoms" has only nineteen characters, it is one of the clearest records among the few texts in official history that describe the duel between ancient military generals. At that time, in order to know whether Guan Yu wanted to stay for a long time, Cao Cao asked Zhang Liao to use human feelings to test. Guan Yu sighed to Zhang Liao and said: "I know how much Duke Cao loves me, but I have received the kindness of General Liu Bei and swear to death that I will never betray him. I will never stay. I will do it after I have made great contributions to Duke Cao." Leave." Zhang Liao told Cao Cao that Cao Cao knew that Guan Yu would leave, so he rewarded him heavily and wanted to keep him. However, Guan Yu sealed Cao Cao's rewards, left a letter to say goodbye, and returned to Liu Bei. Cao Cao wanted to pursue him, but Cao Cao thought that everyone was his own master and stopped him. Folk culture calls this story "Riding Alone Thousands of Miles". Character evaluation: "Three Kingdoms" Chen Shou, the author of "Three Kingdoms" commented: "Both Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are known as enemies of ten thousand people and are tiger ministers in the world. Yu served Duke Cao, Feiyi explained Yan Yan, and had the style of a national scholar. However, Yu Gang and " "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" The late Han Dynasty was invincible, Yun Chang stood out from the crowd, his divine power was able to fight, his elegance was more knowledgeable. The heart of the sky is like a mirror, "Spring and Autumn" "The meaning is thin and the clouds are clear, and it is more than three points! With a red face and a red heart, Riding a red rabbit to chase the wind, not forgetting the Red Emperor when galloping
Looking at the history of the Qing Dynasty, holding the green dragon against the moon, the hidden place is worthy of the blue sky. Guandi Temple Guandi Temple was built to worship Guan Yu, a famous general of the Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period. Guandi Temple has become an important part of traditional Chinese culture, closely related to people's lives, and is associated with Kong, the "literary saint" honored by later generations. The Master and the Master are equally famous, and are known as the Martial Saint Guan Gong.
A temple of Guandi is a display of the folk customs of that area; a statue of Guan Gong is a moral model and spiritual sustenance for millions of people; an ancient bluestone tablet is a lesson plan of loyalty that moves heaven and earth. Businessmen believe that because Guan Yu behaves like a man and has a beginning and an end, clear grievances and grievances, hanging seals and sealing gold, clear stance, and rejecting the temptation of beautiful women, so when doing business with others in the mall, they will hire a statue of Guan Yu to show that a gentleman loves money. Being Tao means not betraying the partners, and the descendants deify them, so it means the god of martial wealth. Therefore, in the history of China, there are the gods of martial arts, Zhao Gongming, Guan Yunchang, and the gods of literary wealth, Fan Li Bigan. In addition, in the history of Chinese feudalism, there is a martial arts champion. If you get the martial arts champion He is equivalent to a high-ranking official, a marquis, so businessmen also refer to Guan Yu as the God of Wealth. Chapter 2: Introduction to Guan Yu Introduction to Guan Yu Guan Yu, whose courtesy name is Yunchang, whose original name is Changsheng, was born in 161 AD. He was a native of Jieliang, Hedong. It is mentioned in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms that he was a powerful man who relied on his power to dominate others. After Guan Yu killed him, he fled the rivers and lakes. He died in 184 During the Yellow Turban Uprising, he fled to Zhuojun (Zhuoxian, Hebei) and met Liu Bei gathering troops, so he followed Liu Bei with Zhang Fei. At that time, he was only 23 years old. centimeters), a beard two feet long, a face as heavy as a jujube, lips as if greased, red phoenix eyes, and silkworm eyebrows.
Everyone knows that the weapon used by Guan Yu is the Qinglong Yanyue Sword. The Qinglong Yanyue Sword is also known as the Lengyan Saw and weighs 82 kilograms. Liu, Guan, and Zhang are famous brothers with different surnames in the Three Kingdoms and even in history. Guan Yu accompanied Liu Bei all day long, fighting in all directions, without fear of hardships. Guan Yu was one of the most powerful figures in the Three Kingdoms era. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms focused on portraying his mighty and brave side. When he first dealt with the Yellow Turban Army, he first beheaded Cheng Yuanzhi, and then "warmed wine and beheaded Hua Xiong" in front of Sishui Pass, and in front of Hulao Pass. "Three Heroes vs. Lu Bu" are all single-handed battles described in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. In 200 AD, Liu Bei attacked Xuzhou and killed Xuzhou's assassin, Che Zhou, while Guan Yu was stationed in Xiapi. Chariot". In the same year, Cao Cao went on an eastern expedition and defeated Liu Bei. Guan Yu was captured. Cao Cao treated him very courteously and worshiped him as a partial general. In 201 AD, Yuan Shao marched into Liyang and sent Yan Liang to attack Liu Yan at Baima. Cao Cao sent Guan Yu and Zhang Liao to attack Yan Liang. Guan Yu killed Yan Liang in the middle of the crowd, took his head and returned to the formation. No one among Yuan Shao's generals dared to stop him. . This can be said to be Guan Yu's famous battle in history. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Guan Yu was already famous among the princes for "killing Hua Xiong and fighting Lu Bu". In the novel, beheading Yan Liang and punishing Wen Chou was just the icing on the cake for Guan Yu's bravery. But in history, Guan Yu After beheading Yan Liang, he was named Han Shouting Hou, and he left Cao Cao and joined Yuan Shao's army to join Liu Bei. The Zhu Wen Chou added in the novel is not a real situation. Guan Yu was once shot by a stray arrow. Because the arrow was poisonous, his bones would hurt every rainy day. Guan Yu accepted the doctor's advice to scrape the bones to cure the poison. During the operation, he drank from his glass and talked and laughed freely.
What is mentioned in the novel is that in 219 AD when he attacked Fancheng, he was hit by a poisonous arrow from Cao Ren's army and had to be treated by Hua Tuo. In 219 AD, Liu Bei established himself as King of Hanzhong and named Guan Yu a former general. In the novel, he named Guan Yu the leader of the Five Tiger Generals at that time and ordered him to attack Fancheng (Xiangfan, Hubei) guarded by Cao Ren. Cao Cao sent Yu Jin and Pang De to lead seven Cao Ren's army came to aid Cao Ren, but Guan Yu's seven armies were flooded at the Hekou River ten miles north of Fancheng (Hekou, also known as the net, how long can "fish" enter "Hekou"? This is a dramatic explanation in the novel), and surrendered to Jin. Pang De was beheaded by Guan Yu, and Guan Yu became a powerful figure in China. Cao Cao once moved his capital from Xuchang because he wanted to avoid Guan Yu's power (Fancheng was the last barrier to Xuchang, the capital of Wei). Later, Sima Yi and Jiang Ji blocked it and encouraged Sun Quan to attack Guan Yu's rear. Before this, Sun Quan had sent an envoy to Guan Yu, hoping to marry Guan Yu's daughter as his son-in-law. However, Guan Yu did not follow Zhuge Liang's words to "conquer Sun Quan in the east and reject Cao Cao in the north" and insulted the envoy, which made Sun Quan furious. At the same time, Mi Fang, the prefect of Nanjun, and Fu Shiren, the general stationed in the public security, were jealous of Guan Yu's contempt for them and did not try their best to supply military supplies. After hearing Guan Yu's words that "he should still be governed", they colluded with Sun Quan and attacked Guan Yu's retreat. Cao Cao sent General Xu Huang reinforced Cao Ren, but Guan Yu failed to attack Fancheng. When he led his army back, Jiangling had been captured by Sun Quan, and Guan Yu's army collapsed. Guan Yu and his son Guan Ping were beheaded by Sun Quan in Linju. He died at the age of 58. After the Shu Han Dynasty, he was posthumously named Guan Yu Zhuang Miaohou. Throughout his life, Guan Yu was worthy of his military career and went through hundreds of battles, but in the end he lost due to his weakness of "being kind to the soldiers but being proud of the scholar-bureaucrats".
Lu Xun once commented on Guan Yu in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms: "Only Guan Yu has many good words." During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Guan Yu was revered as the "True King" and "King Wu'an". During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, he was revered as the "Great Emperor" and temples were built everywhere. Guan Yu had three sons and one daughter. One adopted son was Guan Ping. Guan Pingyuan was the second son of Shangguan Ding in Dingzhuang, Runan Pass. He had an elder brother, Guan Ning, who studied literature. The second son Guan Xing, named Anguo, was highly regarded by Zhuge Liang and served as General Long Xiang during the Northern Expedition. Guan Xing had sons Guan Tong and Guan Yi. Guan Yu's third son, Guan Suo, was used as a vanguard by Zhuge Liang when he pacified the Southern Barbarians. I think Yang Xiong's name "Sick Guan Suo" in Water Margin refers to him. There was also a daughter Guan Feng, whose son Sun Quan proposed to marry to no avail.
Regarding Guan Yu's military power, it is beyond reproach. He killed Hua Xiong with warm wine, killed Yan Liang with only one attack, killed Wen Chou with two battles, and the five generals and six generals must be mentioned. He can fight Pound bravely in his old age. It can be seen that he has extraordinary strength, but when he and Zhang Fei fought together before Hulao Pass, Lu Bu could not win. It can be seen that Lu Bu is slightly more brave, but who is stronger, Guan Yu or Zhang Fei? I can't make a final conclusion, but I got a glimpse of it when I watched the two of them fight Yuan Shu's general Ji Ling: Guan Yu fought against him at thirty and was defeated, while Zhang Fei fought against Ji Ling and killed him under his horse. There is a couplet praising Guan Yu: He beheaded Yan Liang on a horse and the heroes of Hebei were frightened and met Lu Su and Jiangnan civil and military forces with a single sword. Guan Yu died on a dark and stormy night in 219 AD. He was an extremely bright star in Chinese history. Fallen, that is Guan Yunchang, the Martial Saint of China! Every time, every time I think about this, I can't help but feel sad. Why? He could have decided the country in one battle and regained the Han Dynasty! Why? But here he came to the end of his life! I have been asking myself, why, why is Guan Yu such a tragic hero? I have been exploring this for many years, and finally, I think, I have probably found the answer... 1. Talk about Guan Yu's personality: "Three Kingdoms": Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are both known as the enemy of ten thousand people, and they are the tigers of the world. minister.
Yu served Duke Cao, Feiyi released Yan Yan, and had the style of a national scholar. However, Yu is strong but conceited, violent but merciless, and defeats by shortcomings, which is the long way of reasoning. 2. Let’s talk about Guan Yu’s achievements: the most important achievements--flooding seven armies, capturing Yu Jin, and capturing and killing Pang De. The rest are small achievements made when Liu Bei didn't show off. 3. Talk about the important land of Jingzhou: "Three Kingdoms": Jingzhou is bordered by Han and Mian in the north, close to the South China Sea, connected to Wuhui in the east, and connected to Ba and Shu in the west. This is a country where the Ming Dynasty used military force, and military strategists must compete for it. Longzhong's "small pincer" force was approaching Wanluo's important military base. It may be a frontline outpost for Shu's defense against Wu and a military base for attacking Wu. 4. Talk about the current events at that time: Liu Bei achieved good results on the western front, Guan Yu in the middle was also very successful, Cao Cao was about to OVER! Fuhan is about to come true! According to the situation at that time, Sun Quan wanted to protect himself and did not want Liu Bei to win. The border issues between Liu and Sun are becoming increasingly tense. 5. Assuming Liu Bei's actions after victory: A. Drive Cao Cao to Hebei and then defeat Sun Quan in the east. After the restoration of the Han Dynasty, Liu and Sun appeared as heroes, and were promoted to positions and titles. However, Sun Quan's status is difficult to determine. It is probably lower than Liu Bei and higher than Guan Yu and others. (1) Under Liu Bei's control, Sun Quan lost his real power and spent his remaining years as a good man. (2) Failure in the political struggle will lead to the decline of the family, and the Jiangdong Sun family may cease to exist. 6. The relationship between Sun Quan and Liu Bei at that time: (1) Sun Quan was unhappy with Liu Bei, so Liu Bei took advantage of Sun Quan's free time to take over four counties. (2) Liu Bei didn't get along well with his sister, so he took his sister back. (3) When Liu Bei deceived Sun Quan into not taking Yizhou, he captured Yizhou himself.
(4) Liu Bei took over Jingzhou but did not return it. (5) Liu Bei and his men were either unhappy or looked down upon Sun Quan. Sun Quan wanted to win over Liu Bei but did not get along well with Guan Yu [mainly due to border issues]. In other words, if the Han Dynasty was reinstated, Sun Quan's status would not be guaranteed and he would be defeated by Liu Bei sooner or later. get rid of. (6) Lu Meng and others encouraged Sun Quan to launch a surprise attack on Jingzhou. I just think that Lu Meng is the worst governor of Soochow (he is a good general, but inferior to other governors). He only knows how to fight with Guan Yu and help Sun Quan expand the territory. He does not pay attention to the overall situation at that time and promotes it in order to protect himself. A tripartite stand. From the above, it can be seen that Guan Yu was in a complicated Jingzhou with many misunderstandings, many murderous intentions, and many conspiracies. I remember, "Three Kingdoms" said that when Guan Yu heard that Liu Bei had won Ma Chao, he insisted on competing with Ma Chao, and when Guan Yu was awarded the title of former general, he heard that Huang Zhong was begging for the captive general and said: "Strong men do not associate with veterans!" Of course, these two things are both. I was persuaded by Zhuge Liang and Fei Shi. In fact, we can see from the second point of this article that Guan Yu had few military exploits after guarding Jingzhou. As we all know, a general's reputation lies in his offense, but his difficulty lies in his defense. Do you think Li Guang of the Han Dynasty was great? But he always did some work of defending the city and doing feints, and he had never been a pioneer. Therefore, Li Guang's "capital rate" was too low, and he never became a marquis in his life. Guan Yu was sitting in Jingzhou as anxious as ever! Guan Yu really wanted to show off his martial arts when he challenged Ma Chao, but why? It’s not just the simple reason of pride; think about it, his relationship with Huang Zhong is not that bad, and he has no reason to think Huang Zhong is old. He should be in his forties, and his hair is starting to turn gray. time.
Also, Guan Yu is a former general, several levels higher than Huang Zhong (at least Zhang Fei, Ma Chao, etc.). He cannot be jealous. Moreover, Huang Zhong played a great role in pacifying Yizhou at that time. , there is no reason for him to become useless because Huang Zhong is old. I think that Guan Yu actually wanted to tell Liu Bei with these two things: "Lord, I am bored in Jingzhou, please let me make contributions!" Therefore, I think it is incorrect to say that Guan Yu is arrogant. This time it can be said that "the clouds part and the sun appears". Do all the spectators know who Guan Yu is? In fact, Sun Quan's fundamental reason for seizing Jingzhou was for power. From the perspective of the landlord class, Sun Quan would not care about "eliminating traitors", "restoring the Han Dynasty", etc. in a hurry. Besides, Sun Quan is a hero. Why would you want to live under someone else's roof? In order to survive [his personal interests, which is to replace the Han (the highest goal of struggle); his family's interests], there is nothing wrong with him doing this. This is also due to the fact that everyone in the Shu Kingdom underestimated Sun Quan and always treated Sun Quan with an overwhelming attitude in diplomacy or military affairs.
It is too hasty to force Sun Quan, so it is better to play with fire and burn yourself. Not only will it fail to destroy Wei, but it will also lose Jingzhou and Guan Yu. Why! ~~~~~Not only the Wu Kingdom, but also the Shu Kingdom must bear the unshirkable responsibility for the death of Guan Yu and the loss of Jingzhou! At this time, Guan Yu was more like a victim of the conflict of interests between the two warlords! In short, Guan Yu's death and the loss of Jingzhou are the inevitable results of Shu's long-term incorrect policy towards Wu. Chapter 3: Introduction to Guan Yu's life Introduction to Guan Yu Guan Yu (160-220), Han nationality. Born in the third year of Yanxi of Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, his courtesy name was Yunchang and his real name was Changsheng. He was a native of Jieliang, Hedong (now Yuncheng, Shanxi). It has always been the object of folk worship. During the Three Kingdoms period, he was a famous general of the Shu Han Dynasty, a former general, a Han Shouting Marquis, and a military strategist.
After his death, he was highly praised by the people and praised by successive imperial courts. He was regarded as the Holy Emperor of Guan. In Buddhism, he was called Jialan Bodhisattva and respectfully called "Guan Gong". A famous general of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. He was revered as the "Martial Saint" by later rulers, as famous as Confucius, who was also known as the "Literary Saint". Later generations praised Guan Yu: he was an outstanding military strategist and strategist of the Shu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms period. He had stories such as "riding a thousand miles alone", "going to meetings alone", "warming wine and killing Hua Xiong" and "passing five passes and killing six generals". In addition, Guan Yu is also regarded as a benefactor by Taiwan compatriots. As a fierce general who galloped on the battlefield in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, as a core member of Liu Bei's group, and as one of the founders of Shu Han's foundation, Guan Yu was highly praised by future generations of feudal rulers because of his great character of loyalty and courage. His character is in harmony with the working people's willingness to safeguard their rights and interests, and Guan Yu has become a great hero revered by the Chinese nation at home and abroad. It can be said that Guan Yu's loyalty to the Lord, self-denial, righteousness in life, and courage in battle have become a precious spiritual wealth of our country's traditional excellent culture. They have played an important role in forming the Chinese national spirit and encouraging future generations to pay attention to conduct and conduct. Social ethics such as relics for trust and sacrifice of life for righteousness have shown great charisma and cohesion. Guan Yu's life was an all-powerful one. He was born in ancient Jieliang, started in Zhuojun, fought in Xuzhou, and died in Jingzhou. He was unyielding in his might, rich and noble, and poor and humble, showing his great personality charm. He followed Liu Bei throughout his life, fought in the army, fought in the north and south, was loyal to the emperor and served the country, acted for righteousness, abandoned his family for the righteousness of heaven and earth, and never frowned in the face of hardship.
He fled from his birthplace in Jie County, killing bullies, and first went to Lunu to sell grain, and then to Zhuo County where he met the three heroes and joined Liu Bei's command. When he participated in the encirclement and suppression of the Yellow Turban Army, he passed through Zhuo County, Julu County, and Nanyang County. Due to his meritorious service in assisting the Han Dynasty, he served in Anxi County, Zhongshan State. He also temporarily stopped in Xiami County, Beihai State, Gaotang County, and Pingyuan County, Pingyuan State. ; During the period of annexation and separatism by the princes, he traveled to Qingzhou, Yuzhou, Youzhou, Yanzhou, Xuzhou, Jizhou, Yangzhou, and finally failed in Jingzhou. He took charge of Jingzhou Commandery for six years, launched the Xiangfan Campaign and reached the peak of his lifelong struggle. He created brilliant achievements and demonstrated the extraordinary grace of literary and military strategy. Unfortunately, he was attacked from the north and south by the two giants of Wei and Wu. Under repeated internal troubles and a sneak attack by his allies to destroy the alliance, he was defeated in Maicheng. The hero met his end and died in the battle in Linjuzhang Township, Nanjun. It can be said that Guan Yu spent his entire life as a soldier, traveling throughout ten provinces today including Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan and Hunan. In terms of military bravery, he was the top general during the Three Kingdoms; in terms of wisdom, he was praised by Zhuge Liang, who was called the embodiment of wisdom by the world. Especially his loyalty to Liu Bei. At the lowest point of his career, he remained unmoved by Cao Cao's money, beauties, and titles. He was in harmony with Liu Bei's monarchs and ministers, and he showed sincerity to his colleagues. He was persevering in times of danger and hardship. It was truly touching. deep. Of course, his historical limitations in participating in the encirclement and suppression of the peasant brothers and his arrogant and arrogant character were also fully exposed. He was in charge of the commander-in-chief of Jingzhou, but the loss of Jingzhou caused Liu Bei to lose the opportunity to dominate the world.
But for thousands of years, the people did not find fault with this heroic figure. Instead, they praised him more and more. He became the later martial saint and performed many myths and stories, even in the Manchu and Qing dynasties. , Guan Yu temples are scattered all over the places where Chinese people live at home and abroad. For thousands of years, Guan Yu's status has been described by the posthumous names of rulers and the descriptions in operas and literature. A man who "loyal to the country, treats others with kindness, handles things with wisdom, makes friends with justice, and fights with courage" represents China. The perfect image of Guan Gong with the traditional national virtues appears in front of the world. He rose from "the great man of all times" to "the god among gods" and became the god of war, the god of wealth, the god of literature, and the god of agriculture. Together, worship up and down. Needless to say, the feudal rulers of all dynasties respected Guan Yu. Even the leaders of the peasant uprising such as Li Zicheng, Zhang Xianzhong, and Hong Xiuquan also regarded Guan Yu as a hero. Not only that, not only in China, but also in Japan, Southeast Asia and overseas Chinese, the worship of Guan Yu is also everlasting. In Taiwan, which has a population of more than 20 million, there are as many as 8 million followers of Guan Gong. Almost every household has an incense burner, a memorial tablet, and a holy image in honor of Guan Gong. The annual sales volume of Guan Gong portraits in Taiwan far exceeds that of Mazu, their most worshiped deity. China's "Longgang General Association" is a non-governmental organization with Guan Gong as its ancestor. It has more than 140 branches all over the world where Chinese people live. Countries in Southeast Asia are competing. In Japan, there was a Guan Di Temple as early as the Qing Dynasty; a few years ago, a new Guan Temple was built, which is said to be the largest overseas Guan Temple.
Mr. Davidk Jordan (Chinese name: David Jiao), a professor at the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, San Diego, and a Ph.D. in Anthropology at the University of Chicago, once said a very interesting thing; "I respect this great god of yours, he deserves Respected by all. His benevolence, righteousness, wisdom, and courage are still meaningful to this day. Benevolence is love, righteousness is credibility, wisdom is culture, and courage is not afraid of difficulties. If God’s people are like your Guan Gong, we will be respected. The world will become a better place.” The American scholar’s ??words are quite insightful. The loyalty, righteousness, faith, wisdom, benevolence, and courage condensed in Guan Yu and suppressed by all generations contain the ethics, morals, and ideals of traditional Chinese culture, permeate the essence of the Spring and Autumn Period of Confucianism, and are the teachings of Buddhism and Taoism. The convergent values ??of life are essentially the shining sun and moon, the majestic Chinese soul. In Hong Kong, the police and triad members are antagonistic. In the early days, the Triad Society was a Taoist gang that opposed the Qing Dynasty, so they would worship the Taoist god Guan Yu. The policeman's habit of worshiping Guandi originated from a certain Inspector Hua of the Yau Ma Tei Police Station in the 1930s, and later expanded to various disciplinary forces, such as firefighting, customs, etc. They equally praised and respected Guan Yu, calling him "Guan Er Ge", "Guan Gong", "Guan Emperor", "Guan Erye", etc. Because both parties believed that Guan Gong would protect the loyal and righteous people, so Neither side believes there is a conflict of faith. Many shops in Hong Kong worship Guan Yu, hoping to bless the shop. There are also many temples dedicated to Guan Yu in Hong Kong, and the Wen Mo Temple on Hollywood Road in Hong Kong is very special. Guan Yu is also named the God of Wealth among the civil and military gods of wealth, and the God of Wen and Wealth is Bigan.
"Introduction to Guan Yu"