Li Qingzhao's "Slow Sound" begins with seven groups of overlapping words, which are "searching, cold and lonely, sad and miserable" and have always been appreciated by people. Xu said: "The first sentence has fourteen overlapping words, which is really like pouring pearls of all sizes into a plate of jade." Liang called it "an unexpected victory, which is really incredible"
What is the beauty of these seven groups of overlapping words? First of all, the content appropriately expresses the poet's mental state after his own misfortune. Looking for, focusing on action, anxiety and loss; "cold and clear", focusing on feelings, loneliness, inseparable; "Sadness" focuses on writing mood, and it is miserable all day long. The three run through with "emotion". Secondly, the rhythm is fast, powerful and rhythmic. In addition, it sets the tone for the whole word in structure, creates a sad atmosphere, and makes readers hold their breath and be infected by it.
It can be seen that overlap has a unique charm in poetry creation, and its special function is mainly manifested in the following aspects.
The first is visualization. The proper use of reduplicated words in poetry can make the natural scenery or characters described more vivid. In Nineteen Ancient Poems, six groups of overlapping words are used in the first six sentences of "grass on the green side": "grass on the green side, willow in the lush garden. Yingying is a woman upstairs with eyes as bright as windows. E-E red makeup, delicate hands. " The first two sentences describe the scenery, using "green" and "gloomy" to describe the vitality of dense vegetation in spring; The last four sentences are written about people, and the four sets of overlapping words describe the posture, appearance and dress of the thinking woman very realistically, almost vividly.
Nineteen Ancient Poems is a model of reduplication. Another example is "Far Altair", which has only ten sentences and uses six sets of overlapping words: "Far Altair, Jiao Jiaohe Han female. Skillful hands, make a loom. ..... Ying Ying is easy to water, and her pulse is speechless. " It vividly expresses the lingering feelings of Cowherd and Weaver Girl.
Some poems are full of artistic charm because of the clever use of reduplicated words, which have won people's praise and become famous sentences through the ages. For example, in Du Fu's poem "Many branches are easy to fall, and the buds are easy to discuss" ("Seven Flowers in One Step by the River"), he used "one after another" and "cautious" to express his love for flowers, and his words were as stupid as a fool, but he was sincere. Another example is Wei's "Your wet sail is dragging, and the shadow bird flies slowly" ("Farewell to Li Zhou in the rain at night"). Two sets of overlapping words make the artistic conception of this poem more profound. "Houhu Collection" said that every time I read this sentence, I was "at a loss to think and feel ashamed". I hope there is the sentence "Draw Suzhou" (Wei) on the wall, so that I can stay quietly and wander in the octupole.
The second is accuracy. Overlapping can imitate sound and color, achieve the rhetorical effect of description and make the image expressed more accurate. For example, in Poems for Jiao Zhongqing's Wife, "The official horse is in front, the bride's car is behind, and there is a faint hall, and the entrance of Huida Road", using "faint" and "temple hall" to imitate the sound of horses and chariots is very accurate, rendering the sad atmosphere when Lan Zhi was sent home, giving people a heavy feeling. Overlapping can also imitate various sounds; In Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain, "leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall" uses "rustling" to imitate the sound of fallen leaves; In Huang Chao's title chrysanthemum, "autumn wind plants all over the courtyard", imitating the wind with "rustling"; In Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong", "On the railing, it's raining and resting", and the sound of rain is imitating "It's raining" ... When the words are superimposed for marriage, it reads: "The matchmaker gets out of bed, Nuo Nuo Fuer." Here, "Nuo Nuo" and "Er" are promises, which are equivalent to the words "good, good" and "just like this" in modern Chinese. These two groups of overlapping words vividly describe the matchmaker's flattering character. Another example is "Mulan Ci", and it is also very accurate to write Mulan's sigh with the refrain of "chirp after chirp".
There are also many examples of using reduplicated words to describe colors. For example, Bai Juyi's "A setting sun is sprinkled in the water, half the river is rustling and half the river is red" ("Mu Jiang Yin"), and the color of the river is like jasper.
The third is musicality. Reduplication can make poetry rhythm harmonious and catchy to read; That sounds sweet. For example, Li Bai's "The Tenth of the Seventeen Qiupu Songs": "There are ten thousand Ligustrum lucidum trees in Qian Qian. Egrets in the mountains, white apes in the streams. Don't go to Qiupu, the sound of apes will hurt the guest's heart. " The first four sentences of the poem are lively and full of musical beauty with reduplication as the introduction.
There are also overlapping words to describe music. For example, in Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip, "the big strings sing like rain, and the small strings whisper like a secret", and the "one or two strings" in the five-string play, the autumn wind blows away and the rhyme falls. Three or four strings ring, and the night crane records the sound in the cage. These overlapping words express the strength, speed and intensity of music very concretely and emotionally.
Reduplicated words are frequently used in classical poetry. According to statistics, there are 200 reduplicated words used in 305 articles of The Book of Songs. For example, Liu Xie said, "Peach blossoms are as fresh as burning, willows are like willows, hills are like sunrise, and rain and snow are like it. There are more than 350 overlapping words in the poem, and 26 overlapping words are used, which constitutes a major artistic feature of this narrative poem. Therefore, when appreciating classical poetry, the special function of reduplication cannot be ignored.