At the beginning of the 20th century, in some big European countries, several novel schools appeared in various fields of literature and art, such as abstraction in painting, anti-metaphysics in music, anti-realism in sculpture, futurism in poetry, stream of consciousness in novels, expressionism in drama and so on. In the1920s, they gradually merged with the social landscape into modernism. Or modernism. Its main characteristics are: opposing the classical art tradition, striving for novelty and originality in theme and technique, and being hysterical and crazy in spirit. The writer pays attention to exploring the author's own poor and empty inner world, rather than the external objective world. They reject Balzac's critical realism as dull, monotonous and mechanical. They worship the psychoanalysis of Austrian pathologist Freud, advocate describing dreams and people's subconscious, and pursue the "mysterious and abstract kingdom" that people feel in an instant. Western scholars generally call this literary trend of thought, which advocates anti-realism and arbitrary and crazy self-expression of writers, modernism.
Modernism mainly includes expressionism centered on Germany, futurism centered on Italy, surrealism centered on France and stream-of-consciousness literature centered on Britain. It also includes existential literature, absurd drama, new novel school, "the beat generation" and the "black humor" that rose in the 1930s and 1960s. It is generally believed that Joyce in Britain, Proust in France and Kafka, an Austrian Jewish writer who wrote in German, are representatives of European and American modernist literature.
Western modernism is the product of capitalism entering the monopoly stage, and it is also the product of various irrational philosophies and social thoughts.
/kloc-since the second half of the 0/9th century, all kinds of western literary thoughts different from the traditional ones are collectively called to express the spiritual reflection on the profound changes that have taken place in the 20th century;
19 from the 1990s to the early 20th century, a theological trend of thought appeared in the Catholic Church, aiming at reinterpreting Catholic teachings with modern philosophy.
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