1, the four steps of poetry preparation
Knowledge-Understanding-Appreciation-Expression
2. Knowledge includes image, language, skills, ideological content and common sense of ancient poetry.
3, the role of reading
Reading is the comprehensive application of knowledge.
Reading is the basis of appreciation and expression.
Second, how to understand?
1, understand the surface meaning
Time, place, people, events, scenery.
Step 2 understand the deep meaning
What artistic conception (image, atmosphere) did you write?
What emotions (emotions, moods) are expressed?
What thoughts (attitudes, opinions) are reflected?
For example, the Han River is flooding.
Wang Wei
Three branches in the south reach Chu territory, and nine branches flow to Jingmen.
The river crosses heaven and earth, where the colors of the mountains are yes and no.
Human habitation seems to float on the ripples in the distant sky.
These beautiful days in Xiangyang have fascinated my old mountain! .
General idea:
I rowed on the river and saw it from a distance. ) The vast land of ancient Chu is connected with the water of "Sanxiang" rushing from Hunan, surging the Han River into Jingjiang River and merging with the nine factions of the Yangtze River.
The Han River (surging away, as if it had been flowing in) has passed the heavens and the earth, and there are many green mountains on both sides, (misty, sometimes hidden), as if nothing had happened.
The wall floats (in the distance) on the water in front; The waves are rough, flapping and shaking the sky (in the distance).
Xiangyang has beautiful scenery and seems to want to stay and get drunk with Shan Weng.
Third, how to read poetry
(a), how to understand the shallow meaning?
Fill in the contents-omit the subject, object, adverbial, transitional language, etc.
Adjust the word order-verb inversion, adverbial postposition, prepositional object, etc.
Integrating the meaning of sentences-conjunctions before and after are generally translated into sentences with relatively complete meaning.
Exercise: Translate the main idea of this poem.
Hearing the wind from the bamboo window, he sent a wonderful method to find Uncle Sikong.
Li yi
Sitting alone by the breezy window at dusk, meditating on leisurely thoughts far away from the sky.
The breeze opened the door, stirred the bamboo forest and doubted the arrival of old friends.
Dewdrops on the branches and leaves fall from time to time because of the wind, which gradually moistens the dark green moss under the steps.
When the wind blows open the curtains in the room, it wipes away the dust accumulated for a long time for me.
[Note] Miao Fa and Si Kongshu are Li Yi's poetry friends.
General idea:
In the evening, a breeze blew and woke me up from my meditation. My thoughts drifted away when I approached the window.
(The wind) blew the door and bamboo. I thought it was an old friend (coming to see me).
(Wind) Blows off the dew on the bamboo branches, and the dew drops on the moss under the stone steps.
(The wind) should open the curtains and come in and brush the dust off the green harp for me.
(2) How to understand the deep meaning?
1, contact information, try to figure out the language
Information: title, notes, poet's life, allusions; Image language, emotional language, first and last sentences
Example 1: Read Wei's Cold Food for Brothers in Beijing, and then answer this question.
Fire and cold are forbidden in the rain, and warblers sit alone on the river and listen.
Think of wine and flowers as brothers. Ling Du is a cold herbivore.
Q: How does the word "independence" in the second sentence affect the structure of the whole article?
The word "independence" in the second sentence is not only the extension of the word "emptiness" in the previous sentence, but also the foreshadowing of the word "thinking" in the next sentence.
Q: What method was used in the fourth sentence? What effect did you get?
The fourth sentence is written by contrast. Putting down the pen and imagining the cold food scenery in my hometown is even more wonderful, which further shows the feeling of "missing my brother" and makes people feel more profound.
Example 2 Read Living in a Lonely Place in Early Summer (a land trip) and answer this question.
Lakes and mountains are my home, and willow trees are a path.
When the lake overflows, egrets fly in the air and frogs hum by the lake.
The newly harvested bamboo shoots are ripe, and the magnolia has just begun to blossom.
Alas, let bygones be bygones, who * * * will sleep in afternoon European tea.
[Note] The dragon is a bamboo shoot. Wooden pen, also known as magnolia. Both are common things in early summer.
Question: (1) What are the characteristics of the scenery written in the poem? From what aspects to show this feature?
"you" ① Write the seclusion of the environment and the beauty of the early summer scenery with images such as scenery (the beauty of lakes and mountains, Liu Yin, the slope of wild trails, the fullness of water and the depth of grass); ② Set off seclusion (heron descending); (3) set off seclusion with sound (frogs sing).
Question: (2) What complex thoughts and feelings does this poem express?
① The first six sentences use the scene of "seclusion in early summer" to express the joy of self-satisfaction (leisure); (2) the last sentence "sigh"; One is to lament that people with lofty ideals are empty and old, and they have accomplished nothing in serving the country; Second, I sigh that my old friends are gone, and I feel lonely and disappointed.
1), title
Waiting for Chu Guangxi's arrival
The heavy door has been opened. Sit up and listen to the sound of the car.
If you want to smell Qingpei, go out and see him.
In the evening, bells will ring in the garden and rain will pass through the spring city.
I don't care about myself. I feel empty in the clinic.
This poem closely follows the word "Yao" in the title and describes various scenes in which the poet waits for guests: in the morning, he opens the heavy door and waits for the arrival of Chu Guangxi. The poet fidgeted, stood up for a while, sat down for a while, and listened to the sound of horses and chariots when his friends arrived. It seems ("thinking") that I heard the crisp sound of jade worn by my friend and was about to go out to meet him, but it was an illusion. So the poet can't wait. However, from morning till night ("going to the garden at midnight"), it began to rain outside, but my friends didn't come. When the poet finally understands (since he has understood), his friends will not come. "Empty feeling in the clinic" is self-feeling (empty feeling, self-feeling). It can be seen that this poem, through a series of detailed descriptions, expresses the expectation of the arrival of friends, or expresses the disappointment of waiting for friends.
Function 1: Content revealed by the topic
Zhu's "Reading Feelings", if you only look at the text of the poem, you think it is the scenery of a small lake, but after reading the title, you will know that this poem is about the author's feelings of reading. Half an acre of square pond is a book, the sky is high and the clouds are light, and the source of living water means that reading can make the mind clear and the heart fresh forever.
Role 2: the topic reveals the mood.
Jia Dao's suicide note has two movements before and after this topic. "Begging" and "not meeting" are extremely implicit. But we can guess the author's regret even without looking at the poem.
Role 3: Theme presentation idea
Zhang Jiuling's "Looking at the Moon and Thinking about a Distance", the title of which means looking at the bright moon from afar and missing people from afar. "Looking ahead before thinking" is the theme of this poem.
2), comments
Such as: two quatrains (1) Du Fu
Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers.
Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.
Note: This poem was written by the poet when he temporarily lived in Chengdu Caotang after "four tours at one year old".
What kind of scene does this quatrain depict? What kind of feelings did the poet express?
This poem depicts a beautiful scene of early spring: the spring is bright, the fields are green, the river reflects the sunshine, the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants, the mud melts and the soil is wet, the swallows are busy building their nests with mud, the sun is shining, the beach is warm, and Yuanyang is still sleeping on the sandbar (step 1). This is a beautiful spring scene (step 2). It shows the poet's happy and carefree state of mind after his wandering life (the third step).
Function: some introduce the writing background and hint at the ideological content of this poem; Some introduce related poems, implying the allusions or artistic conception of your poems; Some introduce the author, which implies your writing style of this poem.
3), allusions
For example, read Peach Blossom in Qing 'an Temple (Xie Fangde in Southern Song Dynasty) and answer the questions.
In order to avoid the chaos of the Qin dynasty, Taoyuan people found such a beautiful weaver girl this year, but they didn't have a calendar record. Only when they saw peach blossoms did they know that the New Year was coming.
If I live in the Peach Blossom Garden, I won't let the petals of peaches fall into the water and go out with the water, because I am afraid that fishermen will find holes with the water when they see peaches in the water!
[Note] Xie Fangde, a native of the Southern Song Dynasty, still fought the Yuan soldiers by means of summoning in Jiangdong and summoning in Jiangxi after the death of the Song Dynasty, making them know about Xinzhou. After the defeat, he sneaked into the mountains, lived in seclusion for 12 years and refused to be an official. After being forced to go north, he went to Yanjing, the capital of Zhiyuan, and died of hunger strike. This poem was written in seclusion.
Question: Please analyze the beauty of this poem.
The poet skillfully used allusions, borrowed peach blossoms to lead to the story of Taoyuan, and used Qing 'an Temple instead of peach blossoms. Write "avoid Qin" and "avoid Yuan"; Use "fear of fishermen visiting" to express their determination to be peerless; Just four poems, with rich connotations. The whole poem is thought-provoking, and the image of a hermit who will never cooperate with the Yuan rulers comes to the fore.
4), the author
Know people
No regrets after nine deaths: a long road to exploration-Qu Yuan
Xanadu: The Conversion of Tired Soul —— Tao Yuanming
Painting in Poetry: Epiphany of Writing Scenery —— Wang Wei
Li Bai: Proud personality publicity
Wandering around the world: witness to the decline of the Tang Dynasty-Du Fu
Manifesto of the Strong: Never Give Up —— Liu Yuxi
Understanding Xiao Chang: the Innovation of Realism —— Bai Juyi
Wandering: An Elegy of Important Events-Du Mu
Euphemism and Obscurity: The Venting of Lost and Helpless —— Li Shangyin
In the world
The heroic song of the Tang Dynasty.
The chaos in the middle Tang Dynasty deviated from the tragedy of the times.
Elegy of decline in late Tang Dynasty.
Philosophical thinking entered poetry in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Patriotic feelings in the southern song dynasty entered poetry.
5) Pay attention to poetic imagery sentences, such as Du Fu's poem "Flying around, what am I like, but a sandpiper in a vast world! "China image" Sha Ou "
6), pay attention to the emotional sentences in the poem, such as Cui Hao's poem "Only I look at home, the twilight is getting dark? There is a sad mist on the river waves. "
2. Reproduce the situation and experience the body.
Through association and imagination, we can reproduce the poetic situation and put ourselves in this situation to experience and feel its emotion and artistic conception.
3, screening words, determine the content
Confirm the deep meaning of the poem through the links of related keywords such as artistic conception, emotion, thought and attitude.
Related keywords
Artistic conception keywords:
Broad: desolate, vigorous, vast, lofty, magnificent and far-reaching. ...
Delicate: empty, lingering, quiet, quiet, euphemistic and hazy. ...
Lively: warm, prosperous, simple, noisy and cheerful. ...
Cold: sadness, loneliness, depression, desolation, cold and loneliness. ...
Emotional keywords:
Sadness: sadness, bitterness, sadness, sadness, melancholy, sadness, depression, resentment, loneliness, boredom, yearning, farewell, attachment, attachment. ...
Joy: happiness, joy, joy, serenity, leisure, carefree, bold, praise, love and admiration. ...
Subject words of thought (attitude):
Aggressive, self-confident, heroic, meritorious, optimistic and broad-minded, concerned about the country and the people,
Criticism, satire ...
Negative, depressed, decadent, retired ...
Fourth, classroom exercises: understand the profound meaning of the poem "sending a wonderful book through a bamboo window".
1, this is a poem about people far away.
2. The two poems "When the branches are exposed, the hair is slightly stained" render a cold and quiet atmosphere.
3. This poem expresses the poet's lonely mood and his yearning for his old friend through the image of the breeze.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) class summary (blackboard writing)
How to understand shallow meaning?
Fill in the contents
Adjust word order
Integrate sentence meaning
How to grasp the deep meaning?
Contact information and try to find out the language.
Reproduce the situation and experience the body.
Filter words and determine content
Sixth, special reminder
1, to truly understand poetry, the method is not fundamental, but reading more and understanding more is the key.
2. Reading comprehension is a comprehensive intellectual activity. You must first learn to read step by step, and then rise to comprehensive reading.