3. Rhyme is one of the basic elements of poetic meter.
Rhyme is also called rhyme. The so-called "rhyme" in poetry is roughly equal to the vowels in Chinese Pinyin. Friends who have studied Pinyin should know that Pinyin includes initials and finals. For example, the pinyin of the word "Gong" is "Gong", in which "G" is the initial and "ong" is the final. Rhyme means that words have the same vowel sound. All rhyming words can rhyme. The so-called rhyme means putting two or more rhyming words in the same position. General rhyme is always placed at the end of a sentence, which is customarily called "rhyme foot". The purpose of rhyming is to keep the harmony of poetry. The same music is played repeatedly in the same position, which constitutes the beauty of sound cycle. Ancient people wrote rhymes in strict accordance with rhyming books. For example, people in the Qing Dynasty generally consult rhyme books such as Integration of Poetry and Rhyme and Combination of Poetry and Rhyme. This is what the word "poetic rhyme" used to refer to. The common rhyme * * * has 108 rhyme, also called "Pingshui rhyme", because it was written by Liu Yuan, a Pingshui person in Jiangbei, Southern Song Dynasty. The previous rhyme books were merged and simplified, and the rhyme 107 was listed. Later generations slightly increased to 108 rhyme. Ping Shui Yun includes 30 flat rhymes, 29 upper rhymes, 30 lower rhymes and 17 entering rhymes. Rhyme can only balance phonology, because phonology has many rhymes, so it is divided into fifteen rhymes at the next level and fifteen rhymes at the next level. This is equivalent to saying that the sound is rolled up and the sound is rolled down. There is no other meaning. Rhyme can be divided into wide rhyme and narrow rhyme, with more words called wide rhyme and fewer words called narrow rhyme. As mentioned earlier, the ancients rhymed according to rhyme books. This rhyme book is basically the same as the spoken language of the Tang Dynasty, and it is reasonable to rhyme according to the rhyme book. After the song dynasty, the pronunciation changed greatly, and then rhymed according to the rhyme book, but the melody was not necessarily harmonious. Therefore, it is not necessary for modern people to rhyme according to rhyme books when writing ancient poems. For metrical poems, it is not only possible to use adjacent rhymes in the first sentence, but also other rhymes, as long as they belong to the level tone.
Four tones, four tones and even tones refer to four tones in Chinese. Tone is composed of the flat, high and long of Chinese pronunciation. And height and altitude are the main factors. At present, Mandarin includes four tones, namely, flat tone (a Gao Pingtiao, which is called high), rising tone (a middle rising tone, which is neither high nor low), rising tone (a low rising tone or a low flat tone) and falling tone (a high falling tone), which is slightly different from today: flat tone: this tone is divided into flat tones in later generations. It is also the most different tone from today. In Putonghua and most local dialects, there are four kinds of flat tones and rising tones, and the entering tones are divided into flat tones, rising tones, rising tones and falling tones. However, there are still Rusheng tones in the dialects of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi. There is a close relationship between four tones and rhyme. In rhyme books, words with different tones cannot be regarded as homophones. When writing poetry, words with different tones generally don't rhyme. Four tones are the basis of distinguishing flat tones. Let's talk about flat tone first. Pingruo's regular poems originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. At that time, some poets thought that poetry must be harmonious in four tones, but the words and expressions became narrower and narrower, which failed to convey its meaning. Through the summary of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it is considered that the four tones can be divided into two categories: flat tone and uneven tone, and the uneven tone here is Legato. In poetry, if two kinds of tones are interlaced in poetry, the tones can be diversified instead of monotonous. The flat tone here is the flat tone in ancient Chinese, and the linking tone includes rising tone, falling tone and entering tone.
How to stagger the flat lines in poetry can basically be summarized as two sentences:
1, Ping, even is staggered in this sentence.
2. Translation is opposite in the dialogue. For example, the fifth and sixth sentences of Chairman Mao's "Long March" poem: "The Jinsha River is warm in the clouds and cliffs" is flat, flat, flat and flat, and the sixth sentence: "Dadu Bridge is cold across the iron." Flat, flat, flat, flat, flat Jinsha (flat) followed by water pat (flat) is the alternation in this sentence. Jinsha (Pingping) is opposite to Dadu (Zuoping), and Shuipai (Zuoping) is opposite to Qiaoqiao (Pingping). How to distinguish flat turn: If dialects (such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanxi, Hunan and South China) have tones, then the problem will be solved easily. People in other places mainly have difficulty in distinguishing entering words. Generally speaking, they can look it up in a dictionary or rhyme book.