The first article of the teaching case of "The Fisherman"
1. Analysis of teaching materials and teaching ideas:
The article "The Fisherman" is compulsory in Jiangsu Education Edition The "Survival Choice" section of the topic "Facing Life", another text in this section is Sima Qian's "Report to Ren An". The two articles are one long and one short, one important and one light. They should distinguish the primary and secondary and break through the key points. "The Fisherman" is relatively short and has a strong storyline. It is not difficult to learn. It can be arranged to focus on students' independent learning, with the teacher providing some guidance. After learning this lesson, students can be guided to explore the different life choices of Sima Qian and Qu Yuan. The deep ones will get the deep ones, and the shallow ones will get the shallow ones. Everyone has something to say, so as to cultivate students' sense of inquiry and innovative spirit.
2. Teaching objectives:
1. Understand the background of this article and understand Qu Yuan’s character who persists in his ideals and does not follow the crowd.
2. Learn how to use contrast in this article, and correctly view the image of "Fisherman".
3. Through the study of this course, students can think and pursue major life issues and develop a responsible attitude towards life.
4. Students can discuss issues, learn to think dialectically, reason carefully, and make discoveries and innovations.
5. Master the important words and sentence patterns in the text, and accumulate famous sentences.
Among them, 2, 3, and 4 are teaching difficulties.
3. Class arrangement:
One class period
4. Teaching steps:
(1) Preview check (teacher’s projection, students Answer):
1. According to the text, explain the following words and tell the current meaning of the words:
(1) Color: face
(2) Describe: body and appearance
(3) Exalt: conduct above the world
(4) Stagnate: rigid
2. Point out the characteristics of the following sentence patterns and Translation:
(1) Traveling in the rivers and lakes (adverbial postposition)
(2) Traveling by the lake (omitted sentence)
(3) Yes To see and let go (passive sentence)
(4) The saint does not remain stagnant in things (passive sentence)
(5) To let go (passive sentence)
(6) An Neng can observe things with his own body and receive the grace of things (attributive postposition)
(2) The teacher projects background knowledge and literary common sense about "Chu Ci":
(3) Text exploration:
1. Students read the text aloud and sort out the context of the text:
The teacher summarizes it as follows: Paragraph 1: Qu Yuan Jian Fang; The second paragraph: the fisherman's question; the third paragraph: Qu Yuan's expression of ambition; the fourth paragraph: the fisherman's departure.
2. Read the first paragraph of the text and think: What kind of image does this paragraph portray of Qu Yuan? As a Sanlu doctor, why was he so depressed? Answer using the sentences in the text.
3. In the second paragraph of the self-read text, what kind of character is the Fisherman? (Students do not answer properly, the teacher summarizes appropriately):
Make it clear: The Fisherman is a knowledgeable person. The image of a hermit who lives up to his destiny, goes with the flow, and protects himself wisely.
4. Read the third paragraph of the text and summarize Qu Yuan’s image.
Make it clear: keep oneself clean, adhere to moral integrity, and would rather die than surrender.
5. The fourth paragraph of the text is very poetic. Tell us about your understanding.
Tips: The description of the fisherman in this paragraph is very vivid. He was neither sullen nor angry, nor forced others to do anything. He parted ways with Qu Yuan calmly and with the detached attitude of a hermit. ?The water in Canglang is clear, so I can wash my tassel; the water in Canglang is turbid, so I can wash my feet. ?This is a poetic way of saying the fisherman’s philosophy of life. The ending of the fisherman saying goodbye and singing away also gives the whole text a long-lasting charm and artistic conception.
(4) Exploration and improvement training (written in the homework book):
1. Briefly analyze the use of contrastive techniques in this article.
Examples of student answers: The article uses contrasting techniques to express the main idea. Through the questions and answers between Qu Yuan and the fisherman, it expresses two opposing attitudes towards life and completely different ideological personalities.
The article contains at least three comparisons: First, the comparison between two life paths. Qu Yuan insisted on joining the world, and the fisherman was happy to be born in the world. The second is the comparison of two attitudes towards life. Qu Yuan could distinguish right from wrong, he was noble and self-righteous, and he would remain loyal until death; the fisherman did not distinguish between right and wrong and just went with the flow. The third is the comparison of the two results. Qu Yuan actively participated in the world and thought deeply, but was exiled; the fisherman passively avoided the world, but was free in body and mind. These contrasts are intertwined in the text, contradictory and complementary, and contrast the two attitudes to life and the two personalities very clearly.
2. Briefly evaluate the fisherman’s philosophy of life.
Examples of student answers: The Fisherman is a hermit who retreats from the world and is a believer in Taoism. He has an attitude of being prudent and protective, adapting to the situation, knowing his destiny, and adapting to the world. He is neither sullen nor angry, does not force others to make things difficult for him, and has a calm and detached mentality. The image of the fishing hermit whistling haze in many poems of later generations cannot help but remind us of the "Fisher Father" in "The Songs of Chu" from a literary perspective.
3. Qu Yuan and Sima Qian are both outstanding figures in the history of the Chinese nation. One died resolutely, and the other endured humiliation. Why do they have such different life choices? Share your understanding with the relevant sentences in the article.
Teacher tip: Qu Yuan had a noble life character and lofty political ideals, and was unwilling to join the world. After his ideals were shattered, he resolutely went to death, considering personality and ideals more important than life; In order to achieve the great cause of life, Sima Qian wrote "Historical Records" and chose to endure humiliation and survive, shaping the national character and spirit of continuous struggle in adversity and hardship. Qu Yuan and Sima Qian respectively created different personality role models and had a huge influence on later generations of intellectuals.
5. Homework:
1. Recite the full text.
2. After class, collect classical poems containing the image of "Fisherman". The more the better, and explore the influence of the article "Fisherman" on later literature.
6. Teaching reflection:
The text "The Fisherman" is relatively simple. Similar content will be studied in the following "The Biography of Qu Yuan" in the "Historical Records" selection. , so the teaching of this course adopts the mode of self-reading and question inquiry, which is intended to cultivate students' ability to read simple classical Chinese and their awareness of question inquiry. The questions designed are also based on cultivating students' innovative spirit and fully reflect the spirit of the new curriculum standards. and teaching philosophy. "The Fisherman" Teaching Case Part 2
1. Teaching Objectives
1. Familiar with reading, memorizing and dictation
2. Accumulating common content words and function words in classical Chinese, and understanding Object prepositioned sentence
3. Understand Qu Yuan’s inner thoughts and train the analysis method of character image
2. Teaching points
Analyze character image (Qu Yuan and Fisherman ); Discuss the role of the fisherman in the article; expand on the life choices of Sima Qian and Qu Yuan (combine the knowledge points of classical Chinese and analyze the content of the article, interspersed)
First lesson
1. Introduction First of all, I would like to give a sentence to the students: The value of life does not lie in the length, but in the height. So among the Chinese literati of the past dynasties, there are two very outstanding figures who are also very familiar to the students. Who should be said to be worthy of this? Clearly: Qu Yuan and Sima Qian. Mr. Yu Qiuyu, a famous contemporary scholar, also once said that the spiritual and moral character of Chinese literati The peaks are Qu Yuan and Sima Qian.
So today, the article "The Fisherman" we are going to study comprehensively reveals Qu Yuan's inner world. Today, let us enter Qu Yuan's inner world together, explore his immortal life, and admire the peak of his spirit.
Qu Yuan: A native of Chu State at the end of the Warring States Period, an outstanding politician and patriotic poet. His name was Ping, his courtesy name was Yuan, and he was from Danyang (now Zigui, Hubei). Qu Yuan's works include "Li Sao", "Heavenly Questions", "Nine Songs" (11 chapters), "Nine Chapters" (9 chapters), and "Calling the Soul", totaling 23 chapters. Legend has it that Qu Yuan committed suicide by drowning himself in the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. The Chinese folk custom of making rice dumplings and racing dragon boats during the Dragon Boat Festival on May 5 originated from people's commemoration of Qu Yuan. In 1953, Qu Yuan was also listed as one of the world's "four major cultural celebrities" and was solemnly commemorated by the World Peace Council and people all over the world.
Sao style poetry: also known as "Chu Ci style", one of the ancient poetry genres. It originated from the Chu State during the Warring States Period, because this form of poetry is represented by "Li Sao" written by Qu Yuan. In the Southern Dynasties, Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Dragon" and Xiao Tong's "Selected Works" and other works used the word "Sao". Referring to the poems with the characteristics of Chu Ci, later generations called them Sao style poems. In form, Sao style poetry breaks the four-character system of the Book of Songs, and inherits the writing style of prose on the basis of folk songs. The sentence patterns are of varying lengths and the form is relatively free. The word "xi" is often used to assist language. It is full of lyrical content and romantic color. The formation of Sao style poetry was a major innovation in the form of poetry and had a profound impact on later generations of literature
2. Zhengyin 恔qi?o 槁gǎo father fǔ 闾lǘ turbid zhu? stagnant zh? 淈gǔ Feed bū 歠chu? Wen m?n Hao h?o Wan wǎn 枻y? Zhuozhu?
3. Analyze the image of the fisherman
(1) Read the text together
(2) Transition: Let’s review the analysis of characters first.
In literary works, what are the common ways to create characters? (Clearly: action, language, portrait, psychological description, profile description, detailed description, etc.) Let’s first analyze what kind of person this fisherman is. .
(3) Find out the content about "Fisherman", read it aloud, translate it, and summarize the character. Specific content:
① When the fisherman saw Qu Yuan, he asked him: "Zi Fei Sanlu, a doctor, and why?"
Translation: When the fisherman saw Qu Yuan, he asked him: :?Aren't you the Sanlu doctor? Why did you end up in this situation?
Key words: and,?欤?. As for, to. Si, this, this situation.
Characteristics: Gu Dao Re Chang
②The Fisherman said: The saint is not stagnant in things, but can move with the world. The world is all muddy, why don't you clean the mud and make waves? Everyone is drunk, why don't you feed the dregs and wipe out the dregs? Why should you think deeply and exalt yourself, and let yourself go?
Translation: The Fisherman said: ? Mastery People who are reasonable are not rigidly attached to the objective current situation, but can change with the changes in the world. Since everyone in the world is dirty and dirty, why don't you also make the muddy water more muddy and add fuel to the fire? Since everyone is drunk, why don't you also eat the lees and drink the wine juice? Why do you insist on worrying about the country? What if his behavior that cares about the people goes beyond the ordinary and leads to him being exiled?
Key words: stagnation, rigidity, persistence. Yu, yes. To move, to change. 戈, muddy. To excite, to agitate. Feed, eat. 歠, drink. Think deeply and understand clearly. To exalt: to have noble aspirations and conduct. For: Yes.
Character traits: adapt to the changing world and be content with the situation.
③The fisherman smiled, drummed and went away, singing: "The water in Canglang is so clear that I can hold my tassel on it." The water in Canglang is turbid, and I can wash my feet. ? Then he left without talking to him again.
Translation: The fisherman smiled slightly, slapped the plank of the boat and left Qu Yuan. He sang: The water in Canglang is clear, and it can be used to wash my hat; the water in Canglang is turbid, and it can be used to wash my feet. ? Then he left and stopped talking to Qu Yuan.
Key words: Smile: the look of smiling. Drum: famous for action and beating. Mao: wash. Go: leave. Reply: again.
Characteristics: Knowing the destiny.
4. Analyze the character of Qu Yuan
Find out the content about "Qu Yuan", read it aloud, translate it, and summarize the character image. Specific content:
① After Qu Yuan was released, he swam in the rivers and lakes and chanted by the lakeside. His appearance was haggard and his description was haggard.
Translation: After Qu Yuan was exiled, he wandered in the rivers and lakes. He walked along the waterside and sang. His face was haggard and his figure was withered.
Key words: already, already. To be released, to be exiled. Yu, in, adverbial postpositional sentence. Color, complexion. Describe, shape and appearance.
Characteristics: None.
② Qu Yuan said: "The whole world is filthy, but I alone am pure. Everyone is drunk and I am alone sober, how can I see it?"
Translation: Qu Yuan said: "The world is all filthy, only I am pure." I was clean, everyone was drunk but I was sober, so I was exiled. ?
Key words: lift, whole. Yes, therefore. See, be. Personality traits: Different and maverick.
③ Qu Yuan said: "I heard that those who are newly bathed must flick their crowns, and those who are newly bathed must shake their clothes. How can anyone be able to observe the body and receive the warmth of things? I would rather go to Xiangliu." , buried in the belly of the river fish. How can An, with its brilliant whiteness, be covered with the dust of the world!?
Translation: Qu Yuan said: ?I have heard this saying: People who have just washed their hair must flick off the dust on their hats. People taking a bath must shake off the mud on their clothes. Where can a pure white body come into contact with dirty foreign objects? I would rather throw myself into the Xiang River and be buried in the bellies of fish and turtles in the river. Where can a jade-like thing be allowed to be contaminated by the dust of the world?
Key words: Mu, wash your hair. Shake, shake the clothes. Ann, where. To, use. Check it out, it looks clean. Wenwen,? Dirty look.
Character traits: Unsatisfactory, uncompromising, would rather be broken than ruined. (form blackboard writing)
5. Explore the role of the Fisherman in this article
Seeing this, can we say that the image of the Fisherman is mainly used to set off Qu Yuan, exactly one positive and one negative? Can you say this?
Clearly: (Personal opinion) You cannot say this. The two choices mentioned in the last paragraph of the article show that the fisherman actually still wants to do something for the country, but the reality is cruel and the world is dark, so it is better not to do it inappropriately. It is another way of expressing love. As the saying goes, "Love is deep, hate is deep." Therefore, the fisherman's happy-go-lucky attitude is actually more tragic, but it is just expressed in another way.
6. Expand your understanding of the two different life choices of Qu Yuan and Sima Qian
Clarity: Please refer to the teaching reference for specific analysis (you can let students express their own opinions first), in one sentence, Two outstanding figures are both heroes. One was born great and the other died gloriously.
7. Conclusion: History has passed away with the wind. People living today may not need to face such a choice, but I still hope that students will face this chanting man. When the patriotic poet Qu Yuan was writing, he could think deeply about how people should live while traveling.
Attached blackboard writing:
Qu Yuan, the Fisherman
The whole world is turbid, I alone am pure, I would rather not follow and not be stagnant in things
Everyone is drunk I wake up alone in order to be able to adapt to the changes in the world
I can use my body to inspect the jade tiles and push the water to clean my tassel
The person who receives the Wenwen of things is almost broken. Move the turbid water and wash my feet